Browsing by Author "Ryan Varghese"

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A Decade of Mitochondria-Targeting Drugs in Cancer Treatment: Case Review on Mitochondria-Targeting Curcumin or Mitocurcumin
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Rahul Shah; Ryan Varghese; Harsh Anchan; Sanidhya Pai; Tanmay Zagade; Mitul Oswal; Sparsh Agarwal; Purab Sood; Gargi Digholkar; Abha Deshpande; Ravi Vamsi Peri; Pooja Tiwary; Krishil Oswal; Rohit Sharma
Mitochondrial targeting is of particular interest to researchers, as it presents as a personalized medicine approach in cancer cell metabolism and survival. By specifically targeting mitochondria, targeted therapies can disrupt energy production, induce apoptosis, and overcome drug resistance in cancer cells, potentially improving therapeutic outcomes. This review discusses the advancements in mitochondrial drug delivery over the last decade. It explores the potential of mitochondrial targeting using mitocurcumin (MTC), a novel small molecule curcumin analog that has been engineered to specifically target mitochondria in cancer cells, thereby augmenting its therapeutic efficacy. The antiproliferative activity of MTC demonstrates its ability to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and promote oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis, oxidative damage, and cellular senescence in diverse cancer cell lines, thereby enhancing its specificity for cancer cells. Despite these encouraging attributes, current research on MTC remains limited. Further comprehensive investigations are imperative to fully elucidate the efficacy and potential applications of mitochondrial targeting, especially MTC, in oncological therapeutics, including in vivo efficacy trials, pharmacokinetic profiling, toxicology studies, and combination therapy assessments. Although mitochondrial targeting presents a promising avenue for cancer therapy, rigorous scientific inquiry is essential to validate its clinical potential and optimize its therapeutic application for improved patient compliance. © 2025 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Adipose-derived stem cells: an upcoming novel therapeutic in the management of Erectile dysfunction post radical prostatectomy in prostate cancer patients
(Springer Nature, 2024) Gargi Digholkar; Ryan Varghese; Kavita Pal; Rohit Sharma
[No abstract available]
Climate change and glacier melting: risks for unusual outbreaks?
(Oxford University Press, 2023) Ryan Varghese; Pal Patel; Dileep Kumar; Rohit Sharma
[No abstract available]
Co-infections and immune-evading viral hybrids: A perspective
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Ryan Varghese; Dileep Kumar; Rohit Sharma; Shopnil Akash
Background and Aims: Co-infections occur when two or more different types of pathogens infect the same host at the same time. Initially, it may develop via a primary infection and then later segue into a superinfection. Although some research suggests that coinfections do not affect the effect of disease outcomes, alternate evidence says otherwise. While the disease outcomes are frequently influenced by the interactions between many viruses, how these viruses interact during coinfections is poorly understood. This article aims to shed light on the interaction between viruses at a cellular and subcellular level, and the clinical implications for the same. Methods: The articles were sought by conducting a thorough literature search on Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, PubMed Central, Dimensions, and EBSCO Host, using keywords such as coinfections, virus, viral hybrids, and superinfection. The articles pertinent to the concept were then included. Results: There is a growing body of evidence that suggests the formation of hybrid viral particles (HVPs) which conjugate at the cellular and subcellular level. While the formation of HVPs is bizarre, it may potentially have a profound effect on the clinical manifestations. Conclusion: While there has been evidence of the formation of HVPs between a couple of viruses, researchers fear the existence of several other combinations, including zoonotic viruses. While this could be detrimental to the human race both at an individual—as well as a community-level, an in-depth understanding of the same may help in better management of the clinical manifestations of the disease. © 2024 The Authors. Health Science Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Dietary supplements and medicinal plants in urolithiasis: diet, prevention, and cure
(Oxford University Press, 2023) Mitul Oswal; Ryan Varghese; Tanmay Zagade; Chetan Dhatrak; Rohit Sharma; Dileep Kumar
Background: Urolithiasis has been a major health concern for centuries, primarily owing to the limited treatment options in the physician's armamentarium. However, various studies have underscored a lesser incidence of urolithiasis in cohorts predominantly consuming fruits and vegetables. This article aims to review various dietary plants, medicinal herbs and phytochemicals in the prevention and management of urolithiasis. Methods: To provide context and evidence, relevant publications were identified on Google Scholar, PubMed and Science-Direct using keywords such as urolithiasis, nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis, renal stones, phytochemicals and dietary plants. Results: Growing bodies of evidence suggest the incorporation of plant-based foods, medicinal and herbal supplements, and crude drugs containing phytochemicals into the staple diet of people. The anti-urolithiatic activity of these plant bioactives can be attributed to their antioxidant, antispasmodic, diuretic, and inhibitory effect on the crystallization, nucleation and crystal aggregation effects. These mechanisms would help alleviate the events and symptoms that aid in the development and progression of renal calculi. In addition, it will also avoid the exacerbation of secondary disorders like inflammation and injury, which can initiate a vicious circle in turn worsening the disease progression. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results presented in the review demonstrate the promising role of various dietary plants, medicinal and herbal supplements, and phytochemicals in preventing and managing the precipitation of uroliths. However, more conclusive and cogent evidence from preclinical and clinical studies is required to substantiate their safety, efficacy and toxicity profiles in humans. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society. All rights reserved.
Global threat from novel SARS-CoV-2 variants, BF.7, XBB.1.5, BQ.1, and BQ.1.1: variants of concern?
(Springer, 2023) Ryan Varghese; Dileep Kumar; Rohit Sharma
[No abstract available]
Monkeypox and drug repurposing: seven potential antivirals to combat the viral disease
(De Gruyter Open Ltd, 2024) Ryan Varghese; Pal Patel; Dileep Kumar; Rohit Sharma
The growing concern about the monkeypox (Mpox) virus infection has garnered a lot of public attention. However, the treatment options available to combat the same is limited to tecovirimat. Additionally, in a possible incidence of resistance, hypersensitivity, or adverse drug reaction, it is imperative to devise and reinforce the second-line therapy. Thus, in this editorial, the authors suggest seven antiviral drugs that could potentially be repurposed to combat the viral illness. © 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.
PDE5 inhibitors: Breaking new grounds in the treatment of COVID-19
(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2023) Ryan Varghese; Gargi Digholkar; Jainam Karsiya; Sahil Salvi; Jeenam Shah; Dileep Kumar; Rohit Sharma
Despite the ever-increasing occurrences of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases around the world, very few medications have been validated in the clinical trials to combat COVID-19. Although several vaccines have been developed in the past quarter, the time elapsed between deployment and administration remains a major impediment. Repurposing of pre-approved drugs, such as phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, could be a game-changer while lessening the burden on the current healthcare system. Repurposing and developing phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors could extrapolate their utility to combat the SARS-CoV-2 infection, and potentially aid in the management of the symptoms associated with its newer variants such as BF.7, BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB.1.5, and XBB.1.16. Administration of PDE5 inhibitors via the oral and intravenous route demonstrates other potential off-label benefits, including anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects, by intercepting several pathways. These effects can not only be of clinical importance in mild-to-moderate, but also moderate-to-severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. This article explores the various mechanisms by which PDE5 inhibitors alleviates the symptoms associated with COVID-19 as well as well as highlights recent studies and findings. These benefits of PDE5 inhibitors make it a potential drug in the physicians' armamentarium in alleviating symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, adequate clinical studies must be instituted to eliminate any untoward adverse events. © 2023 Roman Suligowski et al., published by Sciendo 2023.
PDE5 inhibitors: breaking new grounds in the treatment of COVID-19
(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2023) Ryan Varghese; Gargi Digholkar; Jainam Karsiya; Sahil Salvi; Jeenam Shah; Dileep Kumar; Rohit Sharma
Introduction: Despite the ever-increasing occurrences of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases around the world, very few medications have been validated in the clinical trials to combat COVID-19. Although several vaccines have been developed in the past quarter, the time elapsed between deployment and administration remains a major impediment. Content: Repurposing of pre-approved drugs, such as phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, could be a game-changer while lessening the burden on the current healthcare system. Repurposing and developing phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors could extrapolate their utility to combat the SARS-CoV-2 infection, and potentially aid in the management of the symptoms associated with its newer variants such as BF.7, BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB.1.5, and XBB.1.16. Summary: Administration of PDE5 inhibitors via the oral and intravenous route demonstrates other potential off-label benefits, including anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects, by intercepting several pathways. These effects can not only be of clinical importance in mild-to-moderate, but also moderate-to-severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. This article explores the various mechanisms by which PDE5 inhibitors alleviates the symptoms associated with COVID-19 as well as well as highlights recent studies and findings. Outlook: These benefits of PDE5 inhibitors make it a potential drug in the physicians' armamentarium in alleviating symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, adequate clinical studies must be instituted to eliminate any untoward adverse events. © 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.
Plant Bioactives in the Treatment of Inflammation of Skeletal Muscles: A Molecular Perspective
(Hindawi Limited, 2022) Dipanjan Karati; Ryan Varghese; K.R. Mahadik; Rohit Sharma; Dileep Kumar
Skeletal muscle mass responds rapidly to growth stimuli, precipitating hypertrophies (increased protein synthesis) and hyperplasia (activation of the myogenic program). For ages, muscle degeneration has been attributed to changes in the intracellular myofiber pathways. These pathways are tightly regulated by hormones and lymphokines that ultimately pave the way to decreased anabolism and accelerated protein breakdown. Despite the lacunae in our understanding of specific pathways, growing bodies of evidence suggest that the changes in the myogenic/regenerative program are the major contributing factor in the development and progression of muscle wasting. In addition, inflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of diseases linked to the failure of skeletal muscles. Chronic inflammation with elevated levels of inflammatory mediators has been observed in a spectrum of diseases, such as inflammatory myopathies and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although the pathophysiology of these diseases varies greatly, they all demonstrate sarcopenia and dysregulated skeletal muscle physiology as common symptoms. Medicinal plants harbor potential novel chemical moieties for a plenitude of illnesses, and inflammation is no exception. However, despite the vast number of potential antiinflammatory compounds found in plant extracts and isolated components, the research on medicinal plants is highly daunting. This review aims to explore the various phytoconstituents employed in the treatment of inflammatory responses in skeletal muscles, while providing an in-depth molecular insight into the latter. © 2022 Dipanjan Karati et al.
SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.16 variant: India in focus?
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Ryan Varghese; Sanidhya Pai; Dileep Kumar; Rohit Sharma
[No abstract available]
Tomato Flu in India: A confluence of resurgence and mutation?
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Ryan Varghese; Dileep Kumar; Rohit Sharma
[No abstract available]