Browsing by Author "S. Agrawal"

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131I profile scan in different human constitutions by whole body counter
(1978) G.P. Dubey; S. Agrawal; K.N. Udupa
[No abstract available]
Adenosine deaminase activity in protein-energy malnutrition
(Scandinavian University Press, 1998) O.P. Mishra; S. Agrawal; Z. Ah; Usha
Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was evaluated in 69 children with protein- energy malnutrition (PEM) and 20 healthy controls. Significantly decreased responses to purified protein derivative (PPD) (p < 0.02) and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) (p < 0.01) and increased serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity (p < 0.001) were observed in PEM cases compared with the controls. The mean values of ALC and ADA activity in PEM patients were 85.9% and 158.7% of the normal mean, respectively. A significant negative correlation was observed between the two parameters (r = -0.2765, p < 0.01). The CMI tests were abnormal in all three grades of PEM, except for the response to PPD in grade I, when compared with the controls. No significant differences were found between infected and uninfected PEM cases. Thus, impaired CMI was observed not only in grades II and III but also in grade I PEM patients and the concomitant infection did not affect its status. However, ADA activity demonstrated a more pronounced change than the other tests.
Association of HLA-G promoter and 14-bp insertion-deletion variants with acute allograft rejection and end-stage renal disease
(2013) M.K. Misra; S. Prakash; R. Kapoor; S.K. Pandey; R.K. Sharma; S. Agrawal
The aim of this study was to investigate the HLA-G 14-bp insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, acute allograft rejection (AR) and overall survival after renal transplantation was investigated in 300 ESRD patients and 302 age, sex and ethnicity-matched controls. Sequencing was performed to evaluate the impact of HLA-G promoter region single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) whereas semi-quantitative PCR method was used to determine the probable HLA-G expression pattern among ESRD and AR cases. Further, soluble human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G (sHLA-G) expression levels were compared in AR vs non-AR cases in the light of HLA-G 14-bp I/D polymorphism. Increased risk was found for 14-bp D/D (deletion-DD) genotype and 14-bp D allele [DD: odds ratio (OR)=1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.03-2.06, P value=0.0358; D: OR=1.29, 95% CI=1.03-1.62, P value=0.0277], respectively for ESRD and CMV infection (DD: OR=2.70, 95% CI=1.45-5.05, P value=0.0021; D: OR=1.94, 95% CI=1.22-3.08, P value=0.0052). Nearly fourfold (OR = 3.62, 95%CI=1.61-8.14, p=0.0039) risk was observed for 14-bp I/I (insertion-II) genotype for AR. Survival analysis showed increased overall survival (OS) (AR or death) for 14-bp D/D genotype. HLA-G promoter region sequencing was carried out among 60 ESRD patients and 100 normal controls which showed increased risk for -964 G>A, -725 C>G/T and -486 A>C SNPs. -964 G>A and -725 C>G/T SNPs showed risk association for AR patients. High level of HLA-G transcripts was observed among non-AR patients. Further soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) showed increased levels in ESRD patients (mean±SEM; 62.16±2.43U/ml) as compared to controls (mean±SEM; 21.06±3.89U/ml) (P=<0.0001). The 14-bp I/I, 14-bp I/D and 14-bp D/D genotypes showed significantly higher levels of sHLA-G among non-AR as compared to AR patients. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Effect of placental-extract gel and cream on non-healing wounds.
(2006) S.K. Tiwary; D. Shukla; A.K. Tripathi; S. Agrawal; M.K. Singh; V.K. Shukla
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of topical placental-extract gel and cream in the treatment of chronic non-healing wounds with regard to wound healing and discomfort during dressing change. METHODS: A sample of 120 patients attending the wound clinic at University Hospital, Varanasi, India, with wounds of more than six weeks' duration were enrolled into the study. They were alternately allocated to group A (topical application of placental-extract gel) or group B (placental-extract cream). Wound biopsy was performed, and swab culture and sensitivity were taken. Wound size was measured, and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for pain and discomfort at dressing change were recorded at weekly follow-up in both groups. Biopsy was repeated after two weeks of treatment and sent for histopathological examination for assessment of angiogenesis in 25 cases from each group. RESULTS: One hundred patients completed the study. More than 50% wound healing was observed after eight weeks in 72% of group A patients and 74% of group B patients (p = 0.75). Microscopic angiogenesis grading system (MAGS) scores were similar in both groups (not statistically significant, p = 0.92). The VAS scores for pain and discomfort were lower in group B (statistically significant, p < 0.02). CONCLUSION: Placental-extract gel and cream are both effective topical agents for chronic non-healing wounds. However, there is less pain and discomfort during dressing change with the placental-extract cream, which we thus recommend for topical application in chronic non-healing wounds.
Evaluation of pH measurement as a method of wound assessment.
(2007) V.K. Shukla; D. Shukla; S.K. Tiwary; S. Agrawal; A. Rastogi
OBJECTIVE: To assess variations in wound pH levels and explore the relationship between wound pH and the state of wound healing. METHOD: Fifty patients with acute or chronic wounds attending the wound clinic at University Hospital,Varanasi, India were included.Wound pH was measured using litmus paper strips and recorded weekly. Other parameters recorded were the wound condition, exudate level and culture. RESULTS: The baseline pH of most of the wounds was greater than 8.5.As the wound condition improved and exudate levels decreased, the pH reduced to less than 8.0. Fifty-eight per cent of the wounds were culture positive, and an association was observed between the type of organism present and the wound pH. CONCLUSION: Wound pH measurements can be performed efficiently and are non-invasive, causing no discomfort to the patient.As the wounds healed, the pH reduced.This change in pH can help predict the likelihood of wound healing.
Gallstone obstruction of the duodenum (Bouveret's syndrome).
(1995) A. Kumar; S. Chaturvedi; S. Agrawal; A. Gautam
Bouveret's syndrome is a rare complication of gallstones, leading to duodenal obstruction. We report a 25-year-old woman with this condition, probably the youngest patient reported.
Global, regional, and national burden of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, 1990-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
(Lancet Publishing Group, 2019) S.L. James; M.S. Bannick; W.C. Montjoy-Venning; L.R. Lucchesi; L. Dandona; R. Dandona; C. Hawley; S.I. Hay; M. Jakovljevic; I. Khalil; K.J. Krohn; A.H. Mokdad; M. Naghavi; E. Nichols; R.C. Reiner; M. Smith; V.L. Feigin; T. Vos; C.J.L. Murray; J.E. Sunshine; M.G. Yost; R.G. Ellenbogen; R. Kalani; S.D. Morrison; C.S. Crowe; B.B. Massenburg; A. Theadom; B.J. Te Ao; S. Balalla; K.M. Jones; R. Ofori-Asenso; S. Li; S. Sobhani; S.M. Hosseini; M.A. Mansournia; M. Yaseri; M. Anjomshoa; S.M. Mousavi; Arv Haj-Mirzaian; Ary Haj-Mirzaian; R. Malekzadeh; H. Poustchi; G. Roshandel; S.G. Sepanlou; M. Afarideh; A. Esteghamati; S. Esteghamati; M. Ganji; A. Kasaeian; A. Rahimi-Movaghar; S. Eskandarieh; M.A. Sahraian; M. Shams-Beyranvand; N. Abbasi; F. Farzadfar; S.N. Irvani; V. Rahimi-Movaghar; P. Salamati; M. Sharif-Alhoseini; S.-M. Fereshtehnejad; K.K.V. Mate; R. Abdulkader; H.N. Abraha; T.D. Kassa; Y.L. Nirayo; K.G. Weldegwergs; K.E. Gezae; Z.M. Zenebe; M.G. Degefa; A. Kahsay; S.W. Asgedom; A.K. Gebre; E.M. Yimer; A.B. Belachew; H. Meles; J.C. Adsuar; S. Zodpey; S. Agrawal; A. Awasthi; G.A. Kumar; A. Ahmadi; F. Najafi; F. Rajati; H. Khazaie; M.H. Farzaei; M. Moradi; S. Rezaei; M. Soofi; S. Siabani; S. Rezaeian; M.B. Ahmed; T.T. Gebrehiwot; G.T. Feyissa; M.A. Hussen; A. Aichour; I. Aichour; M.T.E. Aichour; R.O. Akinyemi; M.O. Owolabi; N. Akseer; Z.A. Bhutta; A. Badawi; F. Alahdab; G.M. Kassa; A. Alebel; F.W.S. Wagnew; Y.A. Belay; C.T. Leshargie; S.A. Alghnam; B.A. Ali; U. Alsharif; M.-H. Temsah; K. Altirkawi; D.V. Davitoiu; S. Hostiuc; M. Beuran; I. Negoi; C.L. Andrei; H. Ansari; M.G. Ansha; C.A.T. Antonio; S.C.Y. Appiah; M. Levi; F. Ariani; M. Biffino; N.G. Asefa; S. Atique; M.A. Rahman; T. Wijeratne; B.P. Ayala Quintanilla; T.B. Ayuk; P.S. Azzopardi; A. Rafiei; H. Badali; M. Mohammadi; M. Moosazadeh; A. Daryani; A. Banstola; K.B. Tran; S.L. Barker-Collo; T.W. Bärnighausen; N. Bedi; A. Tehrani-Banihashemi; H. Shabaninejad; Ma. Behzadifar; A. Kabir; M. Yousefifard; M. Moradi-Lakeh; Me. Behzadifar; B. Bekele; H.Y. Hassen; A. Henok; B. Biadgo; D.A. Bennett; A.C. Goulart; I.M. Bensenor; P.A. Lotufo; Y.P. Wang; E. Yisma; A. Berhane; K. Deribe; Y.J. Yasin; G.T. Demoz; A. Bhalla; S. Bhaumik; A. Bijani; M. Zamani; N. Bililign; M. Kumar; C. Birungi; S. Boufous; A. Brazinova; A.W. Brown; M. Car; A. Majeed; S. Rawaf; D.L. Rawaf; H. Shoman; R. Cárdenas; J.J. Carrero; Z. El-Khatib; N. Roy; F. Carvalho; J.V. Santos; E. Fernandes; J.P. Silva; C.A. Castañeda-Orjuela; H.J. Hoffman; F. Catalá-López; Y. Chaiah; O. Temsah; A.P. Champs; J.-C. Chang; J.-Y.J. Choi; D.J. Christopher; C. Cooper; S. Djalalinia; H.P. Do; T.H. Nguyen; D.T. Doku; T.M. Drake; A. Sheikh; I.N. Soyiri; M. Dubey; M.M.M. Santric Milicevic; E. Dubljanin; A. Faro; I. Filip; A. Radfar; F. Fischer; T. Fukumoto; F.G. Gankpe; G. Gopalkrishna; J.A. Haagsma; S. Polinder; A.T. Khoja; G.D. Pinilla-Monsalve; R.R. Hamadeh; S. Hamidi; J.M. Haro; H. Hassankhani; R. Havmoeller; M.I. Hegazy; D. Hendrie; T.R. Miller; D.T. Hibstu; Z.Y. Kassa; M.K. Hole; E. Homaie Rad; G. Hu; O.S. Ilesanmi; S. Jayaraman; R.P. Jha; J.B. Jonas; B. Moazen; Z. Jorjoran Shushtari; J.J. Jozwiak; M. Jürisson; M. Kahssay; M.L. Liben; A. Karch; A.P. Kengne; Y.S. Khader; H. Safari; M.A. Khafaie; N. Khalid; E.A. Khan; M.S. Khan; M.S. Usman; T.J. Siddiqi; Y.-H. Khang; J. Khubchandani; A.A. Kiadaliri; D. Kim; Y.-E. Kim; S.-J. Yoon; A. Kisa; A.S. Winkler; A. Koyanagi; B. Kuate Defo; B. Kucuk Bicer; R. Lalloo; M. Moradinazar; F.H. Lami; V.C. Lansingh; D.O. Laryea; A. Latifi; S. Safiri; R. Lunevicius; N.B. Mahotra; M. Majdan; A.-L. Manda; M.M. Mehndiratta; V. Mehta; A. Melese; P.T.N. Memiah; W. Mendoza; G. Mengistu; M.S. Shiferaw; M.G. Tekle; T.J. Meretoja; A. Meretoja; C.E.I. Szoeke; T. Mestrovich; T. Miazgowski; G.K. Mini; A. Mirica; E.M. Mirrakhimov; M. Molokhia; L. Monast; L. Ronfani; S. Mondello; G. Moradi; M.M. Moschos; S. Murthy; K.I. Musa; G. Mustafa; G. Naik; D.C. Schwebel; V. Nangia; B.R. Nascimento; D.N.A. Ningrum; P.S. Nyasulu; A.M.N. Renzaho; F.A. Ogbo; I.-H. Oh; A. Okoro; A.T. Olagunju; T.O. Olagunju; P.R. Olivares; S.S. Otstavnov; M.P.A. Dnb; S. Pakhale; A.R. Pandey; K. Pesudovs; S. Prakash; M. Qorbani; A. Rafay; M. Rahman; M.A. Stokes; S.M. Shariful Islam; R.K. Rai; U. Ram; C. Reis; S. Resnikoff; L. Roever; B.F. Sunguy; G.M. Ruhago; B. Saddik; R.D.F. Saldanha; A.M. Samy; J. Sanabria; B. Sartorius; M. Satpathy; I.J.C. Schneider; M.A.A. Shaikh; M. Sharif; J. She; J. Shen; K.N. Sheth; K. Shibuya; M. Shigematsu; R. Shiri; I. Shiue; D.A. Silveira; A.M. Soares Filho; D.N. Sinha; J.B. Soriano; D.J. Stein; M.B. Sufiyan; B.L. Sykes; R. Tabarés-Seisdedos; M. Tortajada-Girbés; R. Topor-Madry; B.X. Tran; L. Tudor Car; K.N. Ukwaja; I. Ullah; O.A. Uthman; P.R. Valdez; T.J. Vasankari; N. Venketasubramanian; F.S. Violante; Y. Waheed; A. Werdecker; G.M.A. Wyper; Y. Yano; P. Ye; P. Yip; N. Yonemoto; M.Z. Younis; C. Yu; Z. Zaidi; S.B. Zaman
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) are increasingly recognised as global health priorities in view of the preventability of most injuries and the complex and expensive medical care they necessitate. We aimed to measure the incidence, prevalence, and years of life lived with disability (YLDs) for TBI and SCI from all causes of injury in every country, to describe how these measures have changed between 1990 and 2016, and to estimate the proportion of TBI and SCI cases caused by different types of injury. Methods We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study 2016 to measure the global, regional, and national burden of TBI and SCI by age and sex. We measured the incidence and prevalence of all causes of injury requiring medical care in inpatient and outpatient records, literature studies, and survey data. By use of clinical record data, we estimated the proportion of each cause of injury that required medical care that would result in TBI or SCI being considered as the nature of injury. We used literature studies to establish standardised mortality ratios and applied differential equations to convert incidence to prevalence of long-term disability. Finally, we applied GBD disability weights to calculate YLDs. We used a Bayesian meta-regression tool for epidemiological modelling, used causespecific mortality rates for non-fatal estimation, and adjusted our results for disability experienced with comorbid conditions. We also analysed results on the basis of the Socio-demographic Index, a compound measure of income per capita, education, and fertility. Findings In 2016, there were 27.08 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 24.30-30.30 million) new cases of TBI and 0.93 million (0.78-1.16 million) new cases of SCI, with age-standardised incidence rates of 369 (331-412) per 100 000 population for TBI and 13 (11-16) per 100 000 for SCI. In 2016, the number of prevalent cases of TBI was 55.50 million (53.40-57.62 million) and of SCI was 27.04 million (24.98-30.15 million). From 1990 to 2016, the agestandardised prevalence of TBI increased by 8.4% (95% UI 7.7 to 9.2), whereas that of SCI did not change significantly (-0.2% [-2.1 to 2.7]). Age-standardised incidence rates increased by 3.6% (1.8 to 5.5) for TBI, but did not change significantly for SCI (-3.6% [-7.4 to 4.0]). TBI caused 8.1 million (95% UI 6.0-10.4 million) YLDs and SCI caused 9.5 million (6.7-12.4 million) YLDs in 2016, corresponding to age-standardised rates of 111 (82-141) per 100 000 for TBI and 130 (90-170) per 100 000 for SCI. Falls and road injuries were the leading causes of new cases of TBI and SCI in most regions. Interpretation TBI and SCI constitute a considerable portion of the global injury burden and are caused primarily by falls and road injuries. The increase in incidence of TBI over time might continue in view of increases in population density, population ageing, and increasing use of motor vehicles, motorcycles, and bicycles. The number of individuals living with SCI is expected to increase in view of population growth, which is concerning because of the specialised care that people with SCI can require. Our study was limited by data sparsity in some regions, and it will be important to invest greater resources in collection of data for TBI and SCI to improve the accuracy of future assessments. © 2018 The Author(s).
Levels of immunoglobulins and complement C3 in protein-energy malnutrition [3]
(1999) O.P. Mishra; S. Agrawal; Usha; Z. Ali; B.K. Das; T.B. Singh
[No abstract available]
Long-term (2005–2012) measurements of near-surface air pollutants at an urban location in the Indo-Gangetic Basin
(Springer, 2019) N. Kishore; A.K. Srivastava; Hemwati Nandan; Chhavi P Pandey; S. Agrawal; N. Singh; V.K. Soni; D.S. Bisht; S. Tiwari; Manoj K Srivastava
Simultaneous long-term measurements of near-surface air pollutants at an urban station, New Delhi, were studied during 2005–2012 to understand their distribution on different temporal scales. The annual mean mass concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) , sulphur dioxide (SO 2) , particulate matter less than 10μm (PM 10) and suspended particulate matter (SPM) were found to be 62.0±27.6, 12.5±8.2, 253.7±134 and 529.2±213.1μg/m3, respectively. The 24-hr mean mass concentrations of NO 2, PM 10 and SPM were exceeded on ∼ 27%, 87% and 99% days that of total available measurement days to their respective National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) level. However, it never exceeded for SO 2, which could be attributed to reduction of sulphur in diesel, use of cleaner fuels such as compressed natural gas, LPG, etc. The mean mass concentrations of measured air pollutants were found to be the highest during the winter/post-monsoon seasons, which are of concern for both climate and human health. The annual mean mass concentrations of NO 2, PM 10 and SPM showed an increasing trend while SO 2 appears to be decreasing since 2008. Air mass cluster analysis showed that north–northwest trajectories accounted for the highest mass concentrations of air pollutants (more prominent in the winter/post-monsoon season); however, the lowest were associated with the southeast trajectory cluster. © 2019, Indian Academy of Sciences.
Management of visceral leishmaniasis: Indian perspective
(2005) S. Agrawal; M. Rai; S. Sundar
Diagnosis and treatment of Indian visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is extremely unsatisfactory. For diagnosis, demonstration of parasites in splenic/marrow smears remains the gold standard, though k39 rapid strip test is a useful method in regions where access to parasite demonstration is difficult. pentavalent antimony remains the mainstay for the treatment of all forms of leishmaniasis globally; however, development of large-scale antimony resistance in Bihar has necessitated search for alternative drugs. Amphotericin B is the most effective, though toxic, drug for patients with refractory VL. Lipid formulations of amphotericin B, though safe and effective, are too expensive to be useful for poor patients of this region. These hold advantage as large quantity of the drug can safely be given over a short period of time, thus leading to a decrease in the hospital stay to a few days instead of several weeks. Oral miltefosine, an alkyl phospholipid, has recently been approved and marketed in India for the treatment of VL. Miltefosine cures 94% patients with VL if given in a daily dose of 50-100 mg for 28 days. Most common adverse events are mild vomiting and diarrhea. Paromomycin, an amino glycoside, is undergoing a pivotal phase-III clinical trial, and is likely to be approved and available to patients with VL at an affordable cost. To protect the already scarce inventory of antileishmanial drugs, it is time that combination chemotherapy is introduced for the treatment of VL in India.
Sonographic and Colour Doppler morphology in carcinoma gallbladder
(2002) S. Pradhan; V.K. Shukla; S. Agrawal; V.K. Dixit; O.P. Sharma
Conventional radiography has limitations in accurate diagnosis of gallbladder cancer (GBC). Ultrasonography (USG) allows correct diagnosis in 70-80% advanced and 23% early GBC. Present study was initiated to identify morphology and flow characteristics in GBC using conventional USG and Colour Doppler USG (CD-USG). In 100 patients, USG assessed morphology of mass lesion/wall thickening together with associated features. Of these, 60 cases were studied using CD-USG for intralesional/perilesional vascularity, peak systolic flow velocity (V max), resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI). USG identified GB with mass lesion in 44% cases (Group-I) and only mass in GB fossa in 56% cases (Group-II). Findings identified calculi (73%), Liver infiltration (74%), Intrahepatic ductal dilatation (IHDD) (52%), lymphadenopathy (19%) and ascites (5%). CD-USG revealed vascularity, mainly pulsatile flow, in 78.3% cases (in 91.3% Group-I cases). Mean Vmax was 0.3037 m/sec (0.109-0.646 m/sec.), mean RI was 0.6621 (0.526-1.000) and PI was 1.282 (0.772-2.140), Mean Vmax and PI were higher in Group-I compared to Group-II. Presence of calculus in 73% cases suggests a high association between calculus and malignancy. As flow signals were seen in 78% of all cases and 91.3% Group-I cases undergoing CD-USG, USG and CD-USG together can improve pickup rate of GBC.
Thyroidal uptake and urinary excretion of I131 in different thyroid disorders by whole body counter
(1979) S. Agrawal; K.L. Soni; C.P. Dubey; K.N. Udupa
The present study includes 46 cases of thyroid disorders and 70 apparently normal individuals. All the cases had no other endocrine disorders. After oral administration of 2-5 uci of I131, the distribution pattern of I131 was recorded by whole body counter. Serum PBI was determined in all the cases to assess the iodine balance of the body. Whole body retention and urinary excretion of I131 was found directly associated with each other in normal as well as in various thyroid states. Therefore, urinary excretion may serve as a useful criterion for the determination of thyroid activity. Similarly, tracer dose was decreased to extremely low levels, permitting the use of isotopes with longer decay periods in the same minimum dose.