Browsing by Author "S. Ramesh Babu"

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Determination of toxicity of newer insecticide molecules against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (chrysomelidae: Coleoptera) under laboratory conditions
(Editorial board of Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 2020) S. Ramesh Babu; S.V.S. Raju; P.S. Singh; Kamal Ravi Sharma
Present study was conducted to evaluate the insecticidal activity and mode of action of commercial formulations of newer insecticides viz., Spinosad 45 % SC, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 % SC, Emamectin benzoate 5 % SG, Chlorfenapyr 10 % SC against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) by dry film residue method under laboratory conditions during the year 2017-18 in the Department of Entomology, Banaras Hindu University. Results of study were compared with check treatment Deltamethrin 2.8 % SC. Among the tested insecticides Spinosad 45 % SC showed best efficacy at both LC50 and LC99.9 and it was more toxicity than other insecticides. The LC50 values of Spinosad 45 % SC to the adults of C. maculatus were 0.0005, 0.0003 and 0.0002 per cent while LC99.9 values were 0.0037, 0.0027 and 0.001 percent at 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment (HAT), respectively. The log concentration probit (lcp) lines slope (b) values for Spinosad 45 % SC were 2.634, 2.513 and 3.455 at 24, 48 and 72 HAT, respectively. © 2020, Editorial board of Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences. All rights reserved.
EFFECT OF CROP GROWTH STAGES ON THE FIELD POPULATION OF RICE HOPPERS
(The Entomological Society of India, 2023) Kamal Ravi Sharma; S.V.S. Raju; Kuldeep Singh; S. Ramesh Babu
The rice hoppers viz., brown plant hopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), white-backed planthopper (WBPH) Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) and green leafhopper (GLH) Nephotettix virescens Distant cause loss in rice and the damage is influenced by plant growth stages. Field experiment has been conducted in this study to evaluate the effect of the growing stages on the incidence of these hoppers at the Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India during kharif 2018 and 2019. The results revealed that the incidence is significantly varying among the growth stages, and positively correlated (p < 0.05). Nilaparvata lugens and S. furcifera are the most abundant during the maximum tillering to booting stage. In contrast that of N. virescens peaked during the booting to flowering stage. © 2023, The Entomological Society of India. All rights reserved.
Effect of environmental factors on the population dynamics of major sucking pests of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)
(Malhotra Publishing House, 2020) Bhawani Singh Meena; S.V.S. Raju; S. Ramesh Babu; Kamal Ravi Sharma
Incidence of jassids was started during 34th SW, while initial aphids and whitefly infestation was observed during 35th SW. However, peak population of aphids had been observed during 41st SW, whereas, whiteflies and jassids population has reached its peak level on 40th SW. The correlation analysis showed that the aphid population has significantly positive correlation with morning RH, evening RH, average RH and maximum temperature and positive non-significant correlation with average temperature. Further, negative non-significant correlation showed with minimum temperature, while rainfall showed significant negative correlation with aphid population. Correlation analysis of certain abiotic factors with Jassid and whitefly revealed that the population also showed positive correlation with temperature and relative humidity. However, the pests population showed negative correlation with rainfall. © J. ent. Res.
Effects of environmental factors on the population dynamics of chilli fruit borer and its management with newer insecticide combinations and sole insecticides
(DAV College, 2020) Deepak Kumar; Kamal Ravi Sharma; S.V.S. Raju; S. Ramesh Babu
An experiment was conducted to study the population dynamics of Chilli fruit borer and to evaluate the efficacy of newer insecticide combinations and sole insecticides along with untreated control. The chilli fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) population was first recorded during 41st standard week as 0.14 larvae per plant and peak population (4.02 larvae per plant) was observed during 46th standard week. The correlation analysis revealed that H. armigera population showed significant and negative correlation with relative humidity while the remaining weather parameters like temperature and rainfall were negatively and non-significantly correlated. The data of per cent field efficacy revealed that all insecticidal treatments were significantly superior over untreated control. However, the plots treated with combination insecticide Fipronil 5% + Buprofezin 20% SC @100+400 g a.i./ha recorded the highest per cent field efficacy (76.62%) while, sole insecticide Fipronil 5% SC @ 50 g a.i./ha recorded 52.08 per cent field efficacy. © 2020 DAV College. All rights reserved.
Host Preference and Damage Assessment of Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera) on Different Hosts
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2021) S. Ramesh Babu; S.V.S. Raju; P.S. Singh; Kamal Ravi Sharma
The host preference of pulse beetle, C. maculatus to selected host grains were evaluated under laboratory conditions in the Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Banaras Hindu University during the year 2018. Cowpea and green gram were most preferred hosts for C. maculatus in terms of oviposition, per cent survival and mean developmental periods. Red gram and soybean were comparatively less preferred host for oviposition (66.38 eggs/50 seeds and 69.00 eggs/50 seeds respectively) than other host grains. In terms of per cent grain damage (92.25%; 90.19%) and per cent weight loss of grains (76.27%; 75.92%) cowpea and green gram were most preferable hosts respectively after 120 days after insect inoculation. © 2021, Agricultural Research Communication Centre. All rights reserved.
Improving Insect Control Using Genetically Modified Entomopathogens
(Springer Nature, 2022) R. Dhanapal; Achanta Sravika; S. Sekar; S. Ramesh Babu; M. Gajalakshmi
Entomopathogens, employed as biological control, were formulated as eco-friendly substitutes for chemical insecticide. Nevertheless, microbial-based insecticides were implicated to be commercially inadequate based on their indiscriminate efficacy and low virulence. The resistance, pathogenicity, and virulence of entomopathogens to adverse conditions were greatly enhanced by genetic engineering. Improvement of virulence was achieved by modifying entomopathogens to express insecticidal proteins/peptides. The continued use of synthetic chemical insecticides remains an apprehension by the public as well as their approval of genetically modified organisms including inventive biological insecticides which provide diverse beneficial and environmentally sustainable options to control insect pests. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
Population dynamics of insect pests in rice ecosystem
(The Entomological Society of India, 2021) S.V.S. Raju; Kamal Ravi Sharma; S. Ramesh Babu; Pankaj Kumar Mohanta
Investigations on major insect pests in rice was carried out at the Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi during kharif 2017-18 and 2018-19. Observations on Scirpophaga incertulas incidence revealed that deadhearts and white ears were observed to be maximum during 1st week of October (40thSMW) and 3rd week of November (47th SMW), respectively. Likewise, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis was observed during 1st week of August (31st SMW) with maximum incidence being in the 1st week of October (40th SMW) with 11.39% damaged leaves/ 10 hills. Nilapravata lugens appeared from 2nd week of August (33rd SMW) and attained its peak in 1st week of October (40th SMW) as 17.33/ 10 hills. The maximum incidence of Nephotettix virescens was observed in the 4th week of October (43rd SMW)-15.67 insects/ 10 hills. The activity of Leptocorisa acuta commenced from 3rd week of October (42nd SMW) and reached its peak during 3rd week of November (47th SMW-14.67/ 10 sweeps in nets). Correlation analysis revealed that the rainfall and evening RH exhibited a negative impact on S. incertulas, C. medinalis, N. lugens, N. virescens and L. acuta; minimum and maximum temperature, and morning RH, showed both positive and a negative impact on these insect pests of rice. © 2021, The Entomological Society of India. All rights reserved.
Storage of chickpea grains (Cicer arietinum L.) in triple layer bags prevent losses caused by Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) under laboratory conditions
(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) S. Ramesh Babu; S.V.S. Raju; R. Dhanapal; Kamal Ravi Sharma
Present study envisages the potential of triple layer bags for reducing pulse beetle infestation under laboratory conditions over six months of storage. It was observed that when chickpea grain was stored in jute bags with bruchid infestation, the germination percentage decreased significantly from 84.67 to 18.67% in six months of storage. But, the grain stored in jute bags without infestation the germination percentage decreased from 92.00 to 73.33% only. On the other hand, grains stored in triple layer bags with bruchid infestation, the germination percentage merely decreased from 86.00 to 78.33% in six months of storage and triple layer bags without infestation the germination percentage only decreased from 91.67 to 90.67%. The per cent grain damage over a period of six months storage also increased significantly from 14.54 to 70.67% and 0.00–26.45% in jute bag with bruchid infestation and jute bag without infestation, respectively. However, per cent grain damage in triple layer bags with bruchid infestation increased only from 15.15 to 25.70% and triple layer bags without bruchid infestation showed negligible increase from 0.00 to 2.64% grain damage in six months of storage. The corresponding per cent weight loss of infested grain was increased significantly from 8.51 to 55.67% in six months of storage in jute bag with bruchid infestation and from 0.00 to 15.08% in jute bag without infestation. Whereas, per cent weight loss of infested grain in triple layer bags with bruchid infestation increased only from 7.83 to 15.70 in six months of storage and triple layer bags without bruchid infestation recorded a mere per cent increase in weight loss from 0.00 to 1.48%. Benefit cost ratio showed that grains stored in triple layer bags for 6 months has highest benefit cost ratio (1.23) compared to jute bag storage (0.39). © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Weather based prediction model for green leafhopper (GLH), Nephotettix virescens distant of rice in middle gangetic plains
(Malhotra Publishing House, 2021) Kamal Ravi Sharma; S.V.S. Raju; R.S. Meena; S. Ramesh Babu; Saurav Singla
The GLH Nephotettix virescens Distant occurrence began to increase during the 33rd SMW (3.0 GLH/15 sweeps) and peaked during the 40th SMW (19 GLH/15 sweeps). The GLH sweep net catches revealed maximum and significant positive correlation with sun shine hours of current week, and showed a significant negative correlation with evening relative humidity and wind speed of 2-lag week and current week. On the other hand, GLH catches revealed a positive correlation with maximum temperature and morning relative humidity of current, 1-lag as well as 2-lag week. Minimum temperature and rainfall of current, 1-lag, 2-lag week and current, 1-lag week, respectively, were negatively correlated with GLH catches. Tmax, Tmin, and SSH were found to be the most significant weather influences that affected GLH sweep net catches. With pest and weather data obtained during Kharif 2019, the model was validated (R2 = 0.92, RSME = 0.218, and MAE = 0.303). © 2021. MPH J. ent. All Rights Reserved.