Browsing by Author "S.C. Gopal"

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A study of the functional aberration of the pouch in anorectal malformation associated with congenital pouch colon
(2010) A.N. Gangopadhyay; A. Pandey; N. Rastogi; M.B. Mandal; S.C. Gopal; D.K. Gupta; A. Srivastava
Objective: There are no in vitro studies of congenital pouch colon (CPC) associated with anorectal malformation (ARM) to understand its mechanism of contractility. There is no consensus regarding the utilization of the CPC in repair of anorectal malformation. In view of the above, it was decided to carry out detailed in vitro physiological study of the excised CPC. Method: The excised specimens of CPC were taken and 15- to 20-mm long both longitudinal and transverse strips of muscle were obtained both from the proximal and distal part. Contraction was recorded using software chart-5 for windows. Drugs used were acetylcholine, histamine, adrenaline, atropine and pheniramine maleate. The amplitude of contractions was converted to tension gram and then the tension so developed was expressed as tension per unit mass (per gram of wet tissue). Results: There were total of 21 specimens of high ARM with CPC. Five specimens were of the complete pouch, which did not show a response to any drug and the remaining 16 had an incomplete pouch. The mean longitudinal and circular muscle contractions of these 16 samples were statistically higher for the proximal segment than the distal segment both for acetylcholine and histamine. The effect of atropine was not significant but that of adrenaline and pheniramine maleate were significant on the distal segment muscle. Conclusion: Congenital pouch colon being deficient or having poorly developed receptors in their wall can not function properly as a reservoir for faeces and, hence, it should be excised to allow adequate function. © 2010 The Authors. Journal Compilation © 2010 The Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland.
Abdominal cocoon in children: A report of four cases
(W.B. Saunders, 1996) S.P. Sahoo; A.N. Gangopadhyay; D.K. Gupta; S.C. Gopal; S.P. Sharma; R.N. Dash
Abdominal cocoon is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction. The authors report four cases (3 boys, 1 girl; age range, 6 to 8 years) that presented with features of intestinal obstruction. There was no history of previous surgery, peritonitis, or prolonged drug intake in any of these cases. One patient presented with acute intestinal obstruction and gangrene of bowel. The etiology, preoperative diagnosis, and management of this condition are discussed.
Abdominal tuberculosis in Indian children
(Springer Verlag, 1996) S.P. Sharma; A.N. Gangopadhyay; S.C. Gopal; D.K. Gupta; R. Yadav
During the period 1980-1991, 166 cases (121 surgically explored and 45 treated conservatively) of abdominal tuberculosis in children were encountered at the Children's Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University. Various types of presentations and their management are discussed in the light of pertinent literature.
An unusual presentation of infantile gangrenous acalculous cholecystitis.
(1993) A.N. Gangopadhyay; S.K. Biswas; N.C. Arya; S.P. Sharma; S.C. Gopal
[No abstract available]
Anorectal anomaly (low) with imperforate hymen in a newborn.
(1992) A.N. Gangopadhyay; S.K. Pandit; S.C. Gopal
[No abstract available]
Anterior intratumoural chemotherapy: A newer modality of treatment in advanced solid tumours in children
(Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd, 2008) A.N. Gangopadhyay; Rahi Rajeev; S.P. Sharma; Vijai D. Upadhyaya; N.C. Arya; Vijayendra Kumar; S.C. Gopal
OBJECTIVE: Advanced and inoperable solid tumours in children have high mortality despite aggressive multimodal treatment. Intravenous chemotherapy is abandoned at times because of systemic toxicity. This study investigated intratumoural chemotherapy and compared it with intravenous chemotherapy. METHODS: Forty children with advanced inoperable solid tumours (Wilms' tumour and neuroblastoma) were randomly allocated into two groups of 20. Group A was given intratumoural chemotherapy and group B was given intravenous chemotherapy. Both groups were compared for reduction in tumour size and volume, tumour resectability, histopathological changes and drug side effects. RESULTS: Intratumoural chemotherapy was superior to intravenous chemotherapy in terms of reducing tumour size and volume (63% in group A vs. 22% in group B). The resectability was 70% in the intratumoural group compared with 40% in the intravenous group. The overall good histopathological response was 71% in group A as opposed to 0% in group B. Moreover, the incidence and severity of drug side effects and morbidity were less with intratumoural chemotherapy. Mortality was also low in group A (5%) compared to group B (20%). CONCLUSION: Intratumoural chemotherapy can be offered as an effective and safe alternative treatment modality for advanced and inoperable Wilms' tumour and neuroblastoma. [Asian J Surg 2008; 31(4):225-9] © 2008 Elsevier.
Ascaris lumbricoides causing intestinal obstruction in children - a review of 33 cases
(Springer-Verlag, 1989) Harsh Wardhan; A.N. Gangopadhyay; S.C. Gopal; G.D. Singhal
Intestinal obstruction in children due to Ascaris lumbricoides is a not uncommon entity in developing countries of Asia and Africa and more so in children of low socioeconomic status. It may produce either subacute or acute obstruction. Thirty-three children with intestinal obstruction due to Ascaris lumbricoides were seen in a period of 2.5 years (January 1984-July 1986) in the Children's Hospital Division of Paediatric Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. The clinical presentation, complications, and management are discussed in the light of pertinent literature. © 1989 Springer-Verlag.
Carcinoma of the rectum in children
(1996) S.P. Sahoo; A.N. Gangopadhyay; D.K. Gupta; S.C. Gopal; C.K. Sinha; S. Gupta; M. Kumar
Two cases of carcinoma of the rectum in children (10 and 11 years old) are presented. Both cases presented as acute intestinal obstruction with the history of bleeding per rectum, constipation, abdominal distention, and loss of weight and appetite. Carcinoma of the colon and rectum in children is rare. Its clinical, pathologic, and biological characteristics are different than those of adults. The prognosis is poorer in children, the reason for which is explained, and its management is briefly discussed.
Caudal epidural buprenorphine for postoperative pain relief in children
(Springer-Verlag, 1992) A.N. Gangopadhyay; P. Bhattacharya; A. Sinha; A. Digar; S.C. Gopal; G.D. Singhal
Postoperative pain relief by caudal epidural buprenorphine, a highly lipid-soluble, semisynthetic derivative of thebaine, has not been reported in children. Over a period of 1 year, 58 children undergoing various surgical procedures were given 3 μg/kg epidural buprenorphine via the caudal route. No serious side effects were encountered; on the contrary, the excellent and long-lasting pain relief (about 7 days) observed in the majority (91.38%) of the cases as compared with other opioids should go a long way toward reducing the psychological trauma otherwise suffered by children undergoing hospitalization and surgery. © 1992 Springer-Verlag.
Chronic bilious vomiting in children in developing countries due to high bowel obstruction: Not always malrotation or tuberculosis
(2010) Anand Pandey; V. Kumar; A.N. Gangopadhyay; S.P. Sharma; S.C. Gopal; D.K. Gupta; S.C.U. Patne
Background: Bilious vomiting, in conjunction with abdominal pain is considered to be a surgical problem, unless proved otherwise. In children, besides tuberculosis (TB), we have found jejunal stricture (JS) due to non-specific jejunoileitis (NSJI) to be an important cause of chronic high small bowel obstruction and bilious vomiting. Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, the records of all children with complaint of intermittent bilious vomiting and failure to thrive were evaluated. Investigations included oral contrast study, ultrasound abdomen, chest X-ray and Mantoux test. Final confirmation was made at laparotomy. Treatment included jejuno-jejunal resection and anastomosis. Histopathology of the specimen was done to look for caseation, granuloma formation and other details. Results: Out of total 100 patients with the complaint of bilious vomiting, 25 were having JS. Radiologic confirmation was possible in 19 (76%) patients of JS. No patient had evidence of TB as per our protocol. Histopathology revealed non-specific ischemic changes in all specimens. Conclusion: Jejunal stricture due to NSJI is a common entity in our setup leading to bilious vomiting. Contrast study can provide high index of suspicion in most of the patients. The diagnosis must be confirmed after proper histopathological examination. The results of the surgery are excellent. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.
Comparative evaluation of 5-HIAA (5-hydroxy indoleacetic acid) and HVA (homovanillic acid) in infantile hydrocephalus
(2008) S.C. Gopal; A. Pandey; I. Das; A.N. Gangopadhyay; V.D. Upadhyaya; J.P.N. Chansuria; T.B. Singh
Background: Infantile hydrocephalus is a common congenital problem. Functional and behavioral disturbances associated with hydrocephalus may be due to altered neurotransmitters in the brain. The role of neurotransmitters has been established in various psychiatric and neurological conditions. Therefore, we decided to study the role of 5-hydroxy indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of hydrocephalic patients as diagnostic and prognostic marker. Materials and methods: Ventricular CSF samples were taken from hydrocephalic patients peroperatively and at days 7 & 30. Control CSF samples were taken from nonhydrocephalic patients operated for other conditions. Samples were analyzed for 5-HIAA and HVA, and results were obtained accordingly. Results: Values of 5-HIAA and HVA showed a highly significant decrease after shunt insertion. No significant difference in values of 5-HIAA and HVA were observed in relation to age and duration of disease. The CSF ventriculo-lumbar gradient for both 5-HIAA and HVA done in six patients was statistically significant only in the noncommunicating group. Conclusion: Both the neurotransmitter metabolites 5-HIAA and HVA are found to be significantly high in the hydrocephalus, but 5-HIAA is a more sensitive parameter. These markers levels decrease after shunt insertion. Thus, estimation of these metabolites could be valuable markers for its diagnosis and follow-up. © Springer-Verlag 2007.
Delayed presentation of milk curd obstruction in a child
(1984) G.D. Singhal; S.C. Gopal; A.N. Gangopadhyay
[No abstract available]
Duodenal Tuberculosis in Children
(1994) D.K. Gupta; S.P. Sharma; S.C. Gopal; A.N. Gangopadhyay; N.C. Aryya
[No abstract available]
Estimation of pro-renin as a prognostic marker for renal function in PUV patients
(Elsevier Ltd, 2014) S. Chowdhury; A.N. Gangopadhyay; S.P. Sharma; V. Kumar; D.K. Gupta; S.C. Gopal; S.K. Singh
Objective To estimate serum pro-renin, and its clinical significance, as a marker of chronic renal disease in posterior urethral valve (PUV) patients. Patients and methods Forty patients with a PUV that were admitted to the hospital between 2010 and 2012 were reviewed. Twenty age-matched patients who were admitted for other non-urological diseases were selected for control. Clinical parameters, serum creatinine, urea, eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) and serum pro-renin were analysed before and after valve ablation. Results Forty patients with PUV were included in the study. Three groups were formed according to age: <1 year, 1-3 years, >3 years. Pro-renin was measured using an ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) kit and 'Graph Pad Prism' Software. The Spearman's rho test was used for correlation. Serum pro-renin had a negative correlation with the age group (correlation coefficient -0.395, P-value 0.012), eGFR (correlation coefficient -0.850, P-value < 0.001) and follow-up eGFR (correlation coefficient -0.471, P-value 0.002). The pro-renin level correlated positively with serum creatinine at presentation (correlation coefficient 0.671, P-value < 0.001), blood urea at initial presentation (correlation coefficient 0.684, P-value < 0.001), serum creatinine at follow-up (correlation coefficient 0.546, P-value < 0.001) and blood urea at follow-up (correlation 0.603, P-value < 0.001). Conclusion Pro-renin measured before PUV repair is associated with renal function three months after surgery. © 2014 Journal of Pediatric Urology Company.
Familial adenomatous polyposis coli.
(1994) S.P. Sharma; A.N. Gangopadhyay; S.C. Gopal; N.C. Aryya; R. Yadava
[No abstract available]
Gastric teratoma-Review of literature
(Springer India, 1992) A.N. Gangopadhyay; S.K. Pandit; A. Sinha; S.C. Gopal; S. Khanna
[No abstract available]
Ileal atresia with intestinal duplication.
(1992) S. Sinha; A.N. Gangopadhyay; Harshwardhan; S.C. Gopal
[No abstract available]
Imperforate anus with congenital short colon (pouch colon syndrome) - Review of 18 cases
(Springer-Verlag, 1990) Harsh Wardhan; A.N. Gangopadhyay; G.D. Singhal; S.C. Gopal
There have not been many case reports of imperforate anus with congenital short colon (pouch colon syndrome). On the Indian subcontinent it is a commonly encountered entity in high ano rectal anomalies. Eighteen cases of pouch colon syndrome were treated in a period of 2 1/2 years, which constituted 26.08% of all high anorectal anomalies. All patients were male and the invertogram was diagnostic in all cases. Associated congenital malformations were common. Most of the patients were in poor general condition at the time of admission. Post-operative pulmonary complications and septicaemia were common. Pouch colostomy was performed in all cases. In the immediate post-operative period 44.44% of all patients died. A pull-through colonorraphy was done as a definitive procedure in 1 case. © 1990 Springer-Verlag.
Incomplete unilateral renal duplication with hydronephrosis and cystic dilatation at confluence of ureters
(Springer-Verlag, 1993) S.C. Gopal; A.N. Gangopadhyay; S.K. Pandit; N.C. Arya
An extremely rare incomplete duplex system with cystic dilatation of the upper part of the conjoint ureter presenting as hydronephrosis in a 2-year-old infant is reported. © 1993 Springer-Verlag.
Is ligation of azygos vein necessary in primary repair of tracheoesophageal fistula with esophageal atresia?
(2007) V.D. Upadhyaya; A.N. Gangopadhyaya; S.C. Gopal; A. Upadhyaya; S.P. Sharma; D.K. Gupta; V. Kumar; A. Pandey
Introduction: Congenital tracheoesophageal fistula with esophageal atresia (TEF with EA) is not an uncommon disease of newborns. Classical approach for primary repair of TEF with EA is right thoracotomy with extrapleural approach, ligation of the azygos vein, identification and ligation of tracheoesophageal fistula, identification of upper esophageal pouch and end-to-end anastomosis. This study was conducted to evaluate if the ligation of the azygos vein is a must during primary repair of TEF with EA. Method: We studied 50 randomly selected cases in the last two years (Jan 2003-Jan 2005). In 25 babies (group A), primary repair was done with preservation of the azygous vein while 25 babies (group B) were operated with a classical approach with ligation and division of the azygos vein. The postoperative result was comparative in both cases. Result: Postoperative pneumonitis was higher in the babies operated with the classical approach (56% in group B and 12% in group A) and was found to be statistically significant. In postoperative complication, anastomotic leak was slightly higher in group B but was not statistically significant. Mortality rate was similar in both groups. Babies in group A were hemodynamically more stable in comparison to group B. Conclusion: Preservation of the azygos vein maintains the normal venous drainage of mediastinum and hence decreases the postoperative chest congestion and pneumonitis in the postoperative period in cases of congenital esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula, so it should be preserved whenever possible. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart.