Browsing by Author "S.K. Chaudhary"

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Apatite Fission Track Thermochronology: fundamentals, technique and review study from the Garhwal-Kumaun region, NW-Himalaya
(Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, 2022) Paramjeet Singh; R.C. Patel; S.K. Chaudhary
The aim of this paper is to enhance the awareness of the Fission Track (FT) analysis among the geosciences communities by describing the basic fundamentals, technique, and its geological applications. FT thermochronology has been widely used to constrain the exhumation and thermal histories of mountain belts. It is an ideal tool for reconstructing the thermal histories of a sedimentary basin, which provides detailed information on the exhumation of rocks, below about 110 ±10°C for apatite, as typically found in the upper 3-4 km of the shallow crust. Apatite Fission Track (AFT) thermochronology is applied to study the provenance history of sedimentary basins, structural evolution, and long-term exhumation history of orogenic belts. Here, we have compiled the available AFT age data from the Garhwal-Kumaun region of the LHS, LHC, and HHC zones and made observations to understand the exhumation and tectonics evolution of this portion of the Himalaya. The plot of AFT ages versus the horizontal distance from the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) to the South Tibetan Detachment System (STDS) mirrors the exhumation patterns as predicted in the out-of-sequence (O-O-S) model of the Mio-Pliocene evolution of the Himalayan orogen. © 2022, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology. All rights reserved.
Assessment of Groundwater behavior in Kulpahar Watershed, District Mahoba, Uttar Pradesh, India
(IOP Publishing Ltd, 2020) A. Ram; S.K. Tiwari; H.K. Pandey; A.K. Chaurasia; S.K. Chaudhary
In hard rock terrain, the groundwater occurs in two zones viz. shallow zone (in overburden) and deeper fractured zones mainly through secondary porosity. The groundwater level through 23 observation wells (fifteen dug wells and eight piezometers) has been monitored during pre and post-monsoon periods. An attempt has been made to evaluate the impact of rainfall on the groundwater level in the hard rock area of Mahoba district in the Bundelkhand region. The study depicts the impact of rainfall over the long-term groundwater level trend and establishes a conceptual structure to understand the hydrological stress conditions. Due to overexploitation, the groundwater condition has reached to the category of a critical stage. The severity and duration of water-level responses to hydrologic stresses have been analyzed statistically as well as graphically. The groundwater level is spatially and temporally variable in hard rock area and essentially depends upon the amount of rainfall, geological condition, and topographic slope. The analyzed rainfall data have been graded as a good year and bad year based on the amount of precipitation. The long-term groundwater level trend (2006-2016) indicates a sharp decline in groundwater level trend in the western part due to higher base flow and poor recharge. On the other hand, due to the presence of thicker overburden and runoff accumulation therein, the groundwater level is rising in the northern part of the study area. It also validates that there is very fair control of slope and thickness of overburden on the groundwater regime apart from the rainfall. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
Effect of Feed Supplement on In vitro Gas Production, Substrate Degradation and Efficiency of Microbial Biomass Production
(Indian journals, 2020) S.K. Chaudhary; Narayan Dutta; S.E. Jadhav; A.K. Pattanaik
The present study was conducted to ascertain the efficacy of a special feed supplement (SFS) in the ration of dairy animals by in vitro gas production technique (IVGPT). For this, four substrates viz., wheat straw, SFS, the composite diet typically used by dairy farmers (control; CON) and a combination of the CON and SFS (TREAT) were studied for in vitro fermentation kinetics and substrate degradation. The total gas volume (mL/200 mg) produced after 24 h of incubation was significantly (P<0.01) higher for SFS as compared to CON, TREAT and wheat straw. The microbial biomass production (MBP, mg/200 mg), the efficiency of microbial biomass production (EMP,%TDOMR) and partitioning factor (PF) were found to be significantly (P<0.01) higher in SFS as compared to TREAT, CON and wheat straw. The fortification of CON diet with the SFS significantly (P<0.01) increased the MBP, EMP and PF as compared to CON. The cumulative gas production at different hours of incubation was significantly (P<0.05) higher in SFS followed by TREAT, CON and wheat straw. The addition of the SFS to CON diet had significantly (P<0.05) increased the cumulative gas production. The potential gas production (b) was significantly (P<0.05) higher for SFS as compared to other substrates; however, the inclusion of SFS to CON diet led to significantly (P<0.05) higher potential gas production as compared to CON and wheat straw. The fractional rate of fermentation (c) was also found to be significantly (P<0.05) higher in SFS followed by TREAT, CON and wheat straw. Furthermore, the addition of SFS to CON diet had significantly (P<0.05) reduced gas production at half time (t½) as compared to CON. Thus, it can be concluded that inclusion of the special feed supplement to CON significantly improved the fractional rate of fermentation ‘c’, TDOMR, MBP, EMP and PF. Furthermore, it reduced the half time (t½) of asymptotic gas production. © 2020. All Rights Reserved.
Lead: Exposure Risk, Bio Assimilation and Amelioration Strategies in Livestock Animals
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) A.K. Singh; M.S. Mahesh; Lamella Ojha; Mahipal Choubey; Punita Kumari; S.K. Chaudhary
Lead (Pb) toxicity is a serious issue affecting animals of all kinds, including wildlife, livestock, and companion animals. Lead poisoning has been linked to animals that have been let out to pasture and unintentional lead ingestion from consuming contaminated feed, soil and oil, licking grease off of equipment, chewing on plumbing or batteries, or drinking water contaminated by leaching materials. Compared to monogastric animals, ruminant is better able to withstand the harmful effects of lead and the risk of susceptibility is higher in young animals and human. The primary mechanisms of lead-related toxicity involve the production of oxidative stress by free radicals, which directly unbalances the body's prooxidants and antioxidants system. The main targets of lead toxicity in animals are vital biomolecules like protein, lipid, and nucleic acids (DNA), the liver, the nervous system, the cardiovascular system, the kidneys, and the reproductive organs. Chelation therapy was considered one of the most effective approaches for alleviating lead toxicity. Many new approaches have been investigated and few of them viz essential metals, vitamins, edible plants, phytochemicals, probiotics and other dietary supplements found to be effective in protecting against Pb toxicity. Plant bioactive compounds possess and offer wider and safe alternatives for alleviation of lead toxicity. Overall, there are many strategies available for mitigating lead toxicity in animals, and each approach has its own advantages and disadvantages. Further, research is needed to determine the most effective strategies for different types of animals and lead exposure scenarios. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.