Browsing by Author "S.K. Dwivedi"

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    Fungistatic properties of essential oil of Cinnamomum camphora
    (1991) A.K. Mishra; S.K. Dwivedi; N. Kishore; N.K. Dubey
    During screening of essential oils, the oil of Cinnamomum camphora was found to possess mycostatic effect against Aspergillus flavus at 4000 ppm. Moreover the oil was found to be as potent as some synthetic preservatives commonly use in storage of food stuffs - viz. ceresan, copper oxychloride, dithane M-45 and thiovit.
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    Redox imbalance disrupts spikelet fertility in rice: A study under stage-specific and multi-stage drought in eastern Indo-Gangetic plain
    (Elsevier B.V., 2023) Santosh Kumar; Sahana Basu; A.K. Choudhary; J.S. Mishra; Surajit Mondal; Shashi Shekhar; S.K. Dwivedi; Rakesh Kumar; Surbhi Kumari; Narayan Bhakta; Sanjeev Kumar; Ujjwal Kumar; Arvind Kumar; Gautam Kumar
    To support the increasing food demand of the drought-prone eastern Indo-Gangetic plain (EIGP), we assessed the effects of natural drought stress on the individual (seedling stage drought; SSD, vegetative stage drought; VSD, reproductive stage drought; RSD) as well as the multiple growth stages (multi-stage drought; MSD) of twenty-four rice genotypes (n = 24) under field conditions for two consecutive rice growing seasons (2019–2020). High temperature and low rainfall during both the trial years exerted moderate to severe drought stress to the rice genotypes leading to average grain yield reduction of 43.5%, 28.9%, 59.3%, and 69.9% under SSD, VSD, RSD, and MSD conditions, respectively. The present study also revealed that drought stress caused enhanced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the spikelets of rice genotypes thereby, impeding the spikelet fertility. The promising rice genotypes showed an average decrease of 3.18%, 4.83%, 13.9%, and 13.06% in spikelet fertility under SSD, VSD, RSD, and MSD conditions, respectively. Identified promising rice genotypes, IR83929-B-B-291–2–1–1–2, IR93827–29–1–1–2 and IR84899-B-183–20–1–1–1 showed extreme drought tolerance and better maintained photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, relative water content, membrane stability index, and total chlorophyll content under drought conditions irrespective of growth stages. Following the study, drought tolerance in the tolerant rice genotypes was associated with increased antioxidant enzyme mediated efficacious ROS detoxification, which contributed in maintaining pollen viability and spikelet fertility. Overall, the study identified drought tolerant rice genotypes for EIGP and established a comprehensive understanding of the complexity and plasticity of the rice genotypes under stage-specific and cumulative drought stress. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
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    Sequential submergence and drought induce yield loss in rice by affecting redox homeostasis and source-to-sink sugar transport
    (Elsevier B.V., 2024) Santosh Kumar; Sahana Basu; A.K. Choudhary; Shashi Shekhar; J.S. Mishra; Sanjeev Kumar; Kumari Shubha; Rachana Dubey; Surajit Mondal; S.K. Dwivedi; N. Bhakta; Rakesh Kumar; Sujoy Sarkar; Srustidhar Dhamudia; Sunny Kumari; Anup Das; Arvind Kumar; Gautam Kumar
    Rice cultivation in the rainfed ecosystems of the eastern Indo-Gangetic plain (EIGP) frequently comes across abrupt alternation of submergence and drought during the vegetative and reproductive stages, respectively, within one growing season, and this may be exaggerated with climate change. Therefore, development of combined submergence and drought tolerant rice genotypes might be a timely effort to meet the growing food demand. However, till date no study has been executed on the combination of submergence and drought stress in the field conditions of the EIGP. The present study elucidated the performance of near isogenic lines (NILs) of rice developed for the EIGP through marker assisted pyramiding of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with submergence (Sub1) and drought (qDTY1.1 + qDTY2.1 + qDTY3.1) in the background of the popular, high yielding Indo-Gangetic rice variety Swarna. This study included the screening of sixteen rice NILs along with the check varieties Swarna and Swarna Sub1 under cumulative submergence and drought for four consecutive rice growing years (2019–2022). Individual submergence or drought or cumulative stress caused 76, 47, and 85% respective loss in average productivity compared to that of the control conditions. However, rice NILs IR96321–558–563-B-2–1–1, IR96321–315–323-B-3–1–3, IR96321–315–294-B-1–1–1–1, and IR96321–558–209-B-6–1–1 showed outstanding cumulative stress tolerance with sustainable photosynthetic performance and membrane stability. Furthermore, these rice NILs exhibited effective reactive oxygen species scavenging mediated by enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities in source (flag-leaf) and sink (anther) tissues that contributed to conserving the source-to-sink mobilization, leading to improved pollen viability and spikelet fertility under sequential stress conditions. The study identified combined submergence-drought tolerant rice NILs along with an optimum yield level to support global food security and also represented a model crop system to establish mechanisms of multi-stress tolerance in plants. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
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