Browsing by Author "S.K. Shukla"

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Ameliorative, Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Potential of Vitamin D on Aminoglycoside Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Wistar Rats
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2022) Neeraj Thakur; S.K. Shukla; A.H. Ahmad; N.S. Jadon; J.L. Singh; G.E. Chethan
Background: Acute kidney injury causes an abrupt decline in renal filtration and affects animals in a similar way to humans. Diagnosis can be made based on urinalysis, serum biochemistry and various biomarkers. The present study was conducted to evaluate the ameliorative, antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential of vitamin D in rats induced with acute kidney injury. Methods: In the present study, group A rats were taken as healthy control, group B rats were given gentamicin @ 100 mg/kg BW intraperitoneally for 8 days and were considered as disease control and group C rats were treated with Vitamin D @ 0.4 µg/kg/day subcutaneously for 8 days along with intraperitoneal gentamicin injection. Reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxide (LPO), catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated in erythrocytes on day 0, 4 and 8. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α) and interleukin 10 (IL 10) were also estimated along with urine and serum biochemistry on day 0, 4 and 8. Kidney tissue samples were collected on day 8 for histopathological examination. Result: The mean values of GSH, catalase and SOD were significantly (P<0.05) higher whereas the mean value of LPO was significantly (P<0.05) lower in group C compared to group B on day 4 and 8. On day 4 and 8, the mean value of TNF α was significantly (P<0.05) lower, while the mean value of IL-10 was significantly (P<0.05) higher in rats treated with vitamin D as compared to disease control. Histopathological examination along with urine and serum biochemistry revealed protective efficacy of vitamin D in acute kidney injury. Based on the findings of the present study, it is concluded that vitamin D is having ameliorative efficacy along with antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential in case of gentamicin induced acute kidney injury in Wistar rats. However, detailed studies are required to explore the therapeutic potential of vitamin D in clinical cases of kidney diseases. © 2022 Agricultural Research Communication Centre. All rights reserved.
Assessment of Exocrine Function of Pancreas Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy
(Springer, 2019) Kiran Thogari; Mallika Tewari; S.K. Shukla; S.P. Mishra; H.S. Shukla
Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is a common long-term complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and is observed in 23–80% of patients. As the postoperative mortality after PD has substantially decreased, it warrants more attention on the diagnosis and treatment of functional long-term consequences after PD. These include PEI and endocrine insufficiency that can result in significant nutritional impairment and often adversely impacts quality of life (QOL) of the patient. A PubMed search was performed for articles using key words “pancreatic exocrine insufficiency”; “pancreaticoduodenectomy”; “quality of life after pancreaticoduodenectomy”; “stool elastase”; “direct, indirect tests for pancreatic exocrine insufficiency”; “pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy.” Relevant studies were shortlisted and analyzed. This review summarizes relevant studies addressing PEI following PD. We also discuss functional changes after PD, risk factors and predictive factors for postoperative PEI, clinical symptoms, direct and indirect tests for estimation of PEI, pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT), and QOL after pancreatic resection for malignancy. It was found that significant PEI occurs in most patients following PD. Fecal elastase 1 is an easy indirect test and should be performed routinely in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients after PD. PERT should be considered in every patient after PD with the aim to improve the QOL and perhaps even their long time survival. © 2019, Indian Association of Surgical Oncology.
Clinical assessment scales for the Kostha
(J. K. Welfare and Pharmascope Foundation, 2020) Neera Saini; Pradeep Kumar Pal; S.K. Shukla; Rakesh Kumar Singh; P.S. Byadgi
The present clinical study is planned to develop a scale to assess the Kostha. Kostha is accredited in the scriptures as Mahasrotas (the great channel), Sharira Madhya (central section of the body), Mahanimna (the inmost part of the body) and Amapakvashaya (stomach and intestines). The term Kostha is expressed in the context of bowel habit and clinically it is classified into three types Mridu, Madhyama and Krura. Regarding the assessment of Kostha.i.e. bowel habit should be examined considering the frequency, consis-tency, straining during defecation etc. Randomly 60 healthy cases were regis-tered for the assessment of Kostha. A self developed 10-items was introduced earlier and 9-items in the final scale. Mean, Median, Standard deviation, higher and lower values etc. of total score were calculated. The reliability of the scale was calculated by administering Cronbach-alpha, was found 0.835, indicating higher reliability of the test. Construct validity of the test was determined by finding coefficient of correlation between scores and reliability of the scores. It was found 0.913 & it indicates higher validity. © International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Methods for determination of the coefficient of consolidation and field observations of time rate of settlement - An overview
(Maney Publishing, 2009) S.K. Shukla; N. Sivakugan; B.M. Das
The main objective of this paper is to review the state-of-the-art for determining coefficient of consolidation (cv), which is required for predicting the rate of settlement of structures founded on cohesive soil deposits in order to check the settlement criteria of foundation design. In the past five to six decades, attempts have been made to propose methods for determining more reliable values of cv. All these methods are critically reviewed in this paper in terms of their limitations and practical use. It is found that most of the current methods attempt to fit the characteristic features of average degree of consolidation (U) versus time factor (T) relationship from the Terzaghi consolidation theory to the observed compression versus time data obtained in the laboratory oedometer test with incremental loading. The two conventional methods, namely the Casagrande logarithm of time fitting and the Taylor square root of time fitting methods, are still having much greater acceptance and use in geotechnical engineering practice as the standard methods in spite of their limitations. Other alternative methods such as inflection point (Cour, 1971), velocity (Perkin, 1978), rectangular hyperbola fitting (Sridharan and Rao, 1981) and revised logarithm of time fitting (Robinson and Allam, 1996) methods are also based on rational approaches and have potential for predicting reliable values, sometimes even better than the values obtained by standard methods. Mainly, due to lack of comparisons with field observations of time rate of settlement, and also to some extent because of more data reduction effort and sophistication of the method, the alternative methods have not been found suitable for routine applications. These alternative methods do not appear to offer apparent advantages as expected in geotechnical engineering at the cost of extra effort. Among the methods available for estimating the field values of cv, the Asaoka method is preferred, mainly because of its rational and simple procedures. A comparison of cv values obtained from the laboratory data and the field observations are required for assessing the suitability of all the proposed methods, but unfortunately it has not been reported extensively. However, the limited comparisons in this paper clearly show that cv from the field is an order of magnitude higher than that from the laboratory. This overview will be useful to engineering students and practicing engineers, and at the same time, it highlights the need for further research. J. Ross Publishing, Inc. © 2009
Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency occurs in most patients following pancreaticoduodenectomy
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2021) Thogari K. Kumar; Mallika Tewari; S.K. Shukla; S.P. Mishra
Background: Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is a well-defined complication of malignant diseases and pancreatic resection; however, study results of PEI are less consistent. Assessment of PEI by estimation of fecal elastase (FE)-1 in stool by enzyme-linked immunosorbent essay (ELISA) is a relatively inexpensive, noninvasive, and simple test. This study assessed exocrine function of pancreas following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) by estimating FE-1. Methods: This prospective hospital-based study involved 30 patients who had undergone PD for malignancy. All 30 patients had an uneventful postoperative period under the unit's enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol with no Grade B, C postoperative pancreatic fistula/postpancreatectomy hemorrhage as per the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS) definitions. Stool samples were collected postoperatively 3 months after surgery from all patients irrespective of clinical symptoms. The analysis was based on a solid phase ELISA used for the quantitative determination of human elastase 1 in feces. Fecal elastase was considered normal if >200 μg/gm stool, moderately reduced if 100-200 μg/gm stool, and severely reduced if <100 μg/gm stool. Results: Among 30 patients included, fecal elastase levels were moderately reduced in 10 (33.33%) and severely reduced in 20 (66.67%) patients (P <0.0001). Mean (± standard deviation) of fecal elastase was 87.12 ± 38.76 with median of 74.6 μg/gm stool. There was no significant difference in the fecal elastase levels between men and women (P = 0.057), age (P = 0.48), pancreatic duct diameter (P = 0.609), pancreatic texture (P = 0.286), and presence or absence of clinical symptoms (P = 0.181). Conclusions: PD was frequently associated with PEI. Unfortunately PEI is an under recognized and under treated long-term sequel of PD. Fecal elastase 1 should be performed routinely in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy should be considered in every patient after PD. © 2021 Indian Journal of Cancer | Published by Wolters Kluwer-Medknow.
Predictors of survival in hepatitis B virus related decompensated cirrhosis on tenofovir therapy: An Indian perspective
(2013) Manjita Srivastava; Sumit Rungta; V.K. Dixit; S.K. Shukla; T.B. Singh; A.K. Jain
Decompensated cirrhosis has low survival rate compared to compensated state. Effective viral suppression due to antiviral therapy (tenofovir) has been shown to slow disease progression and may delay the burden of liver transplantation. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of various prognostic indicators in predicting the 24-months survival in HBV related decompensated cirrhosis after tenofovir therapy and to evaluate the post-treatment outcome. Ninety-six HBV related decompensated patients on antiviral (tenofovir) therapy were prospectively studied for 24 months survival and mortality. Cutoff levels for several prognostic indicators were generated by ROC. Prediction of overall probability of mortality was also calculated. The overall probability of survival observed at 12 months was 0.947 whereas at 24 months it was found to be 0.833. According to Cox proportional hazards model, the univariate analysis revealed cutoff of >7.4 log copies/ml for HBV DNA, >1.2 mg/dl for serum creatinine, >3.7 mg/dl for total bilirubin, ≤0.75 for platelets count, >10 for CTP and >20 for MELD as predictors of poor survival. Multivariate analysis showed MELD score of >20 was the most robust predictor of mortality, with 58 times higher risk (HR: 58.73, p < 0.001). Post-treatment response with tenofovir for 24 months significantly improved the hepatic functions and reverses decompensation and showed incredible efficacy in improvement of hepatic functional status with reduced viremia in a great majority of decompensated cirrhosis subjects having high MELD and HBV DNA level. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.