Browsing by Author "S.K. Tripathi"

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A review of toxicological profile of cadmium (CD)
(2010) Prashant Agrawal; Anugya Mitral; Manoj Kumar; S.K. Tripathi
The distribution of toxic heavy metals in the environment is a major concern in many industrialized countries purview of the human health. The main sources of cadmium in the air are the burning of fossil fuels such as coal or oil and the incineration of municipal waste. The acute (short-term) effects of cadmium in humans through inhalation exposure consist mainly of effects on the lung, such as pulmonary irritation. Chronic (long-term) inhalation or oral exposure to cadmium leads to a buildup of cadmium in the kidneys that can cause kidney disease. Cadmium has been shown to be a developmental toxicant in animals, resulting in fetal malformations and other effects, but no conclusive evidence exists in humans. Animal studies have demonstrated an increase in lung cancer from long-term inhalation exposure to cadmium.
A study of hazards and risks in the autopsy centre
(Medico-Legal Update, 2008) Senti Toshi; S.K. Pandey; Manoj Kumar; S.K. Tripathi
The present paper is a highlight of the hazards and risks, present in the autopsy centre and faced by the workers involved in the autopsy room. This study was conducted in the department of FORENSIC MEDICINE, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, during the year 2007. It was found that about one-fourth i.e. 502 cases (25.48%) of the total 1970 autopsy cases done were hazardous. Of which, infective risk contributed the highest (67.52%) and then followed by poisoning cases (32.47%). There were also 43 cases of decomposed bodies autopsied. The other existing hazards were studied through a questionnaire put forward to the workers regarding physical injury, exposure to chemical hazards, infections and adverse psychological effects, secondary to stressful working environment of the autopsy room and presence of other occupational hazards if any.
Abiotic and litter quality control during the decomposition of different plant parts in dry tropical bamboo savanna in India
(1992) S.K. Tripathi; K.P. Singh
Decomposition of leaf, sheath, root, twig, and wood of bamboo and shoot of grass was studied by the litter bag technique in a dry tropical bamboo savanna. All the components excepting wood showed a significant inverse relationship between N in residual material and percent weight remaining. The annual decay constant (k) for the litter types ranged from 0.43 (wood) to 2.76 (sheath), and relative decomposition rate ranged from 0.16 mg g-1 d-1 (wood) to 17.2 mg g-1 d-1 (sheath). -from Authors
Altered Levels of Serum Zinc and Cadmium in Patients with Chronic Vesiculobullous Hand and Feet Dermatitis
(Hindawi Limited, 2016) Swastika Suvirya; Alpna Thakur; S.S. Pandey; S.K. Tripathi; Durgesh Kumar Dwivedi
Micronutrients serve many important functions in our body and altered levels of heavy and trace metals are associated with cutaneous and systemic disorders. Vesicular palmoplantar eczema is an entity whose etiopathogenesis is a mystery. In this prospective case-noncase study blood levels of Zinc and Cadmium in 37 patients of chronic vesiculobullous hand dermatitis were estimated and compared with 40 noncases with similar age and gender distributions. Low serum Zinc levels were found in patients as compared to noncases. The mean difference of serum Zinc between the case and noncase groups was 27.26; the mean value of serum Zinc between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). However, elevated Cadmium levels were detected in only 5 patients and in none of the noncases. The mean concentration of serum Cadmium was 2.32 ± 0.38 μg/dL, with a range of 1.90-2.80 μg/dL for the five cases in whom Cadmium was detected. Various toxic and trace metals can interact by influencing each other's absorption, retention, distribution, and bioavailability in the body. The clinical significance of this finding lies in the possible beneficial role of Zinc supplementation in the therapy of chronic vesiculobullous hand dermatitis. © 2016 Swastika Suvirya et al.
Anatomical variations in termination of the axillary artery and its clinical implications
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2004) S.K. Pandey; A.N. Gangopadhyay; S.K. Tripathi; V.K. Shukla
Variations in the termination of the axillary artery (AA) were observed in 51 out of 356 axilla during routine dissections. The incidence of variation was higher on the right axilla in 17.42% cases (CI: 11.60-22.51) than the left axilla 11.24% cases (CI: 6.46-15.55) and was found to be 12.33% in male and 40.63% in female cadavers. The variations were divided into four groups. The first group showed that the terminal end of the AA divided into lateral and medial divisions in 6.16% (CI: 2.21-9.82) male and in 15.63% (CI: 2.76-25.25) female cadavers. The second group variation showed that the terminal end of the axillary artery divided into deep and superficial divisions in 2.74% (CI: 0.10-5.27) male and in 6.25% (CI: -1.87-13.13) female cadavers. The third group showed that the terminal end of the AA divided into three branches in 2.74% (CI: 0.10-5.27) male and in 6.25% (CI: -1.87-13.13) female cadavers. The fourth group showed the tapering of the terminal end of AA in 0.68% (CI: -0.63-1.99) male and 12.50% (CI: 0.97-21.46) female cadavers. The variable origin of the circumflex humeral, subscapular and profunda brachii arteries was also observed. These variations in the terminal end of the axillary artery are not only of significant clinical importance to orthopaedic and reconstructive surgeons but also have very significant medico-legal implications.
Application of fractal theory in assessing soil aggregates in Indian tropical ecosystems
(Springer Nature, 2012) S.K. Tripathi; C.P. Kushwaha; S.K. Basu
Soil aggregation varies according to climatic and management factors, and is difficult to measure because of irregular shapes and sizes of soil aggregates. We applied fractal theory to assess soil aggregation as affected by (1) land use change from forest to savanna, (2) nutrient additions in forest, ecotone, and savanna ecosystems, and (3) tillage practice and residue treatments in an agro-ecosystem. We used fractal dimensions nonlinear (Dnon-lin) and linear (Dlin) based on number of aggregates (N) and mass of aggregates (M) (the range of values were 2.6-2.89 and 2.69-3.41, respectively) to capture the variations in the sizes of soil aggregates due to land use and treatments/management in these ecosystems. The variation in the values of non-linear fractal dimension based on mass (DMnon-lin) was smaller in forest and savanna ecosystems with and without nutrient additions, while the variation was wider in agro-ecosystems with different management practices. Linear fractal dimensions based on number (DNlin) and mass (DMlin) of aggregates varied marginally in these ecosystems and did not capture the variations in soil aggregates well. The variations in non-linear fractal dimension indicate that continued nitrogen loading in forest accelerates the formation of macro-aggregates, whereas in savanna the situation was reversed. The values of non-linear fractal dimensions did not show significant change after 6 years of nutrient additions in the ecotone; reflecting a buffering mechanism of this system in soil aggregate formation. On the basis of non-linear fractal dimension values, we conclude that residue retention and minimum tillage are appropriate for proper maintenance of soil aggregate stability for sustained crop production in the Indian dry land agro-ecosystems. © 2012 Northeast Forestry University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Assessment of contamination of soil due to heavy metals around coal fired thermal power plants at Singrauli region of India
(2010) Prashant Agrawal; Anugya Mittal; Rajiv Prakash; Manoj Kumar; T.B. Singh; S.K. Tripathi
In the present study, an attempt was made to measure contamination of soil around four large coal-based Thermal Power Plants. The concentration of Cadmium, Lead, Arsenic and Nickel was estimated in all four directions from Thermal Power Plants. The soil in the study area was found to be contaminated to varying degrees from coal combustion byproducts. The soil drawn from various selected sites in each direction was largely contaminated by metals, predominantly higher within 2-4 km distance from Thermal Power Plant. Within 2-4 km, the mean maximum concentration of Cadmium, Lead, Arsenic and Nickel was 0.69, 13.69, 17.76, and 3.51 mg/kg, respectively. It was also observed that concentration was maximum in the prevalent wind direction. The concentration of Cadmium, Lead, Arsenic and Nickel was highest 0.69, 13.23, 17.29 and 3.56 mg/kg, respectively in west direction where wind was prevalent. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
Clinical criteria for diagnosis of brain death and its medico-legal applications (a review study)
(Medico-Legal Update, 2006) Pathak Manoj Kumar; S.K. Tripathi; Agrawal Prashant; Chaturvedi Rajesh; Yadav Sudhir
[No abstract available]
Clinically relevant adverse drug interactions
(1998) A. Chakrabarti; S.K. Tripathi; R. Tandon; S.K. Bhattacharya
[No abstract available]
Contamination of drinking water due to coal-based thermal power plants in India
(Bellwether Publishing, Ltd., 2011) Prashant Agrawal; Anugya Mittal; Rajiv Prakash; Manoj Kumar; S.K. Tripathi
This study assessed the impact of an Anpara and Renusgar coal-based thermal power plants on drinking water sources. In this work, the concentration of trace metals such as Pb, Cd, Ni, and As in groundwater samples obtained from hand pumps located near these power plants were measured. The concentration levels of all the studied heavy metals in groundwater were found to be higher than the maximum acceptable limits of World Health Organization for drinking water. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Culm recruitment, dry matter dynamics and carbon flux in recently harvested and mature bamboo savannas in the Indian dry tropics
(Springer Tokyo, 1996) S.K. Tripathi; K.P. Singh
Culm recruitment, standing crop biomass, net production and carbon flux were estimated in mature (5 years after last harvest) and recently harvested bamboo (Dendrocalamus stricter (Roxb.) Nees) savanna sites in the dry tropics. During the 2 study years bamboo shoot recruitment was 1711- 3182 and 1432- 1510 shoots ha-1 m harvested and mature sites, respectively. Corresponding shoot mortality was 66-93% and 62-69%, respectively. Total biomass was 34.9 t ha-1 at the harvested site and 47.4 t ha-1 at the mature site. Harvesting increased the relative contribution of belowground bamboo biomass. Annual litter input to soil was 2.7 and 5.9 t ha- 1 year- 1 at the harvested and mature sites, respectively. The bulk of the annual litterfall (78-88%) occurred in the cool dry season (November to February). The mean litter mass on the savanna floor ranged from 3.1 to 3.2, t ha-1; at the harvested site wood litter contributed 70% of the litter mass and at the mature site leaves formed 77% of the litter mass. The mean total not production (TNP) for the two annual cycles was 158 t ha-1 year- 1 at the harvested site and 19.3 t ha-1 year-1 at the mature site. Nearly half(46-57%) of the TNP was allocated to the belowground parts. Short lived components (leaves and fine roots) contributed about four-fifths of the net production of bamboo. Total carbon storage in the system was 64.4 t ha-1 at the harvested site and 75.4 t ha-1 at the mature site, of which 23-28% was distributed in vegetation, 2% in litter and 70-75% in soil. Annual net carbon deposition was 6.3 and 8.7 t ha-1 year -1 at harvested and mature sites, respectively.
Detailed method of analysis of Pb in blood samples with the help of Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer
(World Informations Syndicate, 2009) Mittal Anugya; Agrawal Prashant; Jain Madhu; Basu Sriparna; S.K. Tripathi
The human body contains approximately 120 mg of lead. About 10-20% of lead is absorbed by the intestines. Women are generally more susceptible to lead poisoning than men. Children may absorb a larger amount of lead per unit body weight than adults (up to 40%). Consequently, children are generally more susceptible for lead poisoning than adults. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry is a method for determining the metals that are suspended or dissolved in a solution. This technique can be used for alkalis, alkaline earths, and transition metals. It is a very sensitive form of Spectrophotometry, as it can detect lead (Pb) with a concentration of less than one part per million in a small sample of the solution. For the analysis of lead the blood is digested by acid digestion procedure. After the acid digestion lead comes in ionic form in the solution. This solution is analyzed by Flame AAS.
Determination of postmortem interval by total protein estimation and electrophoretic analysis of serum protein
(1990) S.K. Tripathi; S.M. Das Gupta; G.R.K. Rao
[No abstract available]
Diversity of shrub species at Kasar Devi forest in Kumaun Himalaya
(1989) S.K. Tripathi; V.P. Upadhyay; K.R. Verma
Most sites were dominated by Myrsine africana. There was an inverse relation between dominance concentration and species diversity index. -from Authors
Effect of stilboestrol on adrenal steroidogenesis in albino rats
(1985) S. Mandal; S.K. Tripathi; A. Beotra; A.K. Sanyal
[No abstract available]
Efficacy of ring precipitin and precipitation electrophoresis tests for species identification of old dried blood stains
(1989) S.K. Tripathi
The present paper is concerned with a comparative study of ring precipitin and precipitation electrophoresis tests in the species identification of dried blood stains of various ages, spanning over a period of 1 day to 10 years. In this connection, though most authorities claim that these two tests, particularly the precipitation electrophoresis test are very efficient in the species identification, yet so far very few literatures have appeared regrading the details of their works, including the number of specimens and their respective ages. I am, therefore, presenting here this paper with a view to fulfilling this lacuna in view of the fact that the authorities of law and justice insist on the authenticity of the tests as well as their relevance to crime investigation. The present study comprises testing 4,000 dried blood specimens (cloth-stained) of various ages, for species identification by ring precipitin and precipitation electrophoresis methods. The specimens were stored at room temperature which, in a country like India, varies from 4°C to 45°C with average humidity. I have observed from this study that the two tests are found to give satisfactory and promising results, the precipitation electrophoresis test being more sensitive and more dependable than the ring precipitin test in relation to ageing of the blood stains.
Experimental and density functional theoretical study of the effects of chemical vapours on the vibrational spectra of nickel phthalocyanine thin films
(2011) G.S.S. Saini; Sukh Dev Dogra; Kriti Sharma; Sukhwinder Singh; S.K. Tripathi; Vasant Sathe; Ranjan K. Singh
We report the effects of chemical vapours on the Raman and infrared absorption spectra of α crystalline nickel phthalocyanine thin films. Transmission electron micrograph of the thin films suggests presence of nano-sized particles of nickel phthalocyanine in the thin film. Some vibrational bands show changes in their positions and/or intensities on exposure of thin films with chemical vapours. These changes have been interpreted on the basis of interactions of the vapours molecule with the central nickel ion and other peripheral atoms of the phthalocyanine ring. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been carried out to determine the probable geometric structures of the complexes of vapour and phthalocyanine molecules. Calculated geometric structures show in-plane and out-of-plane distortions in the phthalocyanine molecule. Calculations further suggest charge transfer between vapour and phthalocyanine molecules. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. ALl Rights Reserved.
Fatality due to chest injury in road traffic accident victims of Varanasi and Adjoining Districts, U.P.
(World Informations Syndicate, 2006) Manoj Kumar Pathak; Ziya Ahamad; Prashant Agrawal; Sudhir Yadav; Rajesh Chaturvedi; S.K. Tripathi
In our country motor vehicle accidents rank on the top among all fatal accidents. An accident represents a major epidemic of noncommunicable disease in the present century. Road Traffic Accident (RTA) provides some 30% or more of the average forensic autopsy load of Varanasi region. Chest injuries in combination with other regional injuries (61.76%) were the next commonest injuries in fatal road traffic accident cases next to head injuries in present study. The greater frequency of fatality in the regional injury i.e. chest injuries was due to involvement of two vital organs viz. heart and lungs. In chest injury, the majority of cases were found with lung injuries (81.30%) and it was followed by injury to heart (43.08%). Major great vessels were injured in (21.95%) of deceased. The abdominal injuries were mostly found associated with chest injuries. Liver was injured in 12.19% victims. Syncopal death (haemorrhagic shock) along with asphyxia was the commonst mode of death (30.08%) followed by asphyxia (27.64%) alone. More than two third (69.91%) victims died at the incidence place. Mostly the victims succumbed to fatal chest injuries in road traffic accidents amongst the all kinds of accidental injuries.
Forensic accounting - A perfect tool in fraudulent cases
(Medico-Legal Update, 2009) Sushama Yadav; Sudhir Yadav; S.K. Tripathi
Several instances of corporate scandals and failures in recent past have put the professional accounting bodies into a new perception that goes beyond statutory audit. In this article an effort has been made to show that how forensic accounting is valuable in shorting out fraudulent cases. Forensic accounting often involves examining and commenting on a report prepared by an opposing expert. The forensic accountant should also expect to be required to assist those instructing him in preparing questions to be addressed to the other principals in the case, as well as the other experts, both prior to any hearing as well as in the courts of law. Forensic accounting is a combination of law, investigative auditing, criminology and accounting. The infamous scams of Harshad Mehta, Ketan Parekh, Sanjay Seth and the recent India bulls scam and Kingfisher Airlines' credit card fraud are still fresh in our minds. Whether it is stock market fraud or bank fraud or cyber fraud, forensic accounting has become an indispensable tool for the investigations. With India being ranked as the 88th most corrupt nation, needs for the forensic accountants become more profound. Fraudulent activities in banking are posing threats to the Indian economy. Their vibrant effects can be understood by the fact that in the year 2004 the number of Cyber Crimes were 347 in India which rose to 481 in the year 2005 showing an increase of 38.5%.
Formulating diversity vector for ecosystem comparison
(2004) A. Roy; S.K. Tripathi; S.K. Basu
Extensive variations in the taxonomic variety and morphology of living organisms and their spatial distribution have created a major problem for precise assessment of biodiversity. Biodiversity is fundamentally a multidimensional concept and cannot be reduced sensibly to a single number [Purvis, A., Hector, A., 2000. Getting the measure of biodiversity. Nature 405, 212-219]. A number of diversity indices are available but each has its own limitations, as they are not adequate for comprehensive representation of biodiversity of an ecosystem. We propose a vector for making a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative description of ecosystem diversity. This vector gives a fair idea about the physical and biological aspects of the ecosystem and can be used for modeling and comparison of intra- and inter-ecosystem diversity in the form of concise numerical information. The diversity vector has five components: environmental index, life-form index, Shannon-Weiner index, taxonomic index and functional index. The scheme takes care of species abundance, taxonomic variety and satisfies monotonicity. Moreover, these components can be easily calculated. Field data from two contrasting ecosystems are used to explain the scheme. Though we have confined to the plant kingdom, the scheme can be logically extended to incorporate the animal kingdom. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.