Browsing by Author "S.L. Jat"

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A Molecular and Spectroscopic Approach to Reclamation of Coal Mine Soil Using Tree Species: a Case Study of Gevra Mining Area, Korba, India
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Preeti Singh; A.K. Ghosh; Santosh Kumar; S.L. Jat; Kumari Seema; Satya Narayana Pradhan; Manoj Kumar
Loss of topsoil and mechanical mixing of soil horizons of mining land causes depletion of huge amounts of carbon (C). Biological reclamation of the soils of mining land helps in soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. Therefore, to quantify the quality and quantity of soil organic carbon sequestered through biological reclamation, a chronosequence study consisting of 8- and 25-year-old reclaimed mine soil substrates planted with three different plant species, viz Azadirachta indica, Gmelina arborea and Dalbergia sissoo was undertaken at Gevra, Chhattisgarh, India. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and mean SOC stock were recorded highest for A. indica (1468.45 mg C kg−1 soil substrate and 334.72 Mg C ha−1 respectively) after 25 years of reclamation. All the three tree species contributed significantly in raising the non-labile SOC pool among which, the contribution of A. indica (88.25%) was found highest. SOC stock (69.82 Mg C ha−1) was found highest for topsoil substrate of 25-year-old re-vegetated site. This increase in SOC in topsoil substrate associated with a higher carbon input and the lower rates of SOC decomposition following revegetation indicated accumulation of more stable SOC forms with time. The nitrogen (N) content (r = − 0.51, p < 0.01) and C/N ratio (r = 0.56, p < 0.05) in the litter were an important controlling factor for TSOC. SOC molecules became more aromatic with a higher degree of substitution by reactive functional groups in the 25-year-old restored minesoil substrates as observed from spectroscopic analysis (E4/E6 and A253nm/A220nm). After 25 years of reclamation, similar Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) absorption bands were observed for all tree species. However, the intensities at 1618- 1651 cm−1 in humic acid (HA) of G. arborea were higher, indicating presence of aromatic C=C, ascribed to the higher complexity of the HA fraction for G. arborea. The results indicated that spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, UV–vis, E4/E6 ratio) were clearly able to distinguish between restored minesoil substrates on the basis of the characteristics of SOC molecules and can be useful to shedding light on SOC dynamics and sequestration processes. © 2022, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo.
Integrated nutrient management in Quality Protein Maize (Zea mays) planted in rotation with wheat (Triticum aestivum): Effect on productivity and nutrient use efficiency under different agro-ecological conditions
(2013) S.L. Jat; C.M. Parihar; A.K. Singh; M.L. Jat; A.K. Sinha; B.N. Mishra; H. Meena; V.K. Paradkar; C.S. Singh; Dilip Singh; R.N. Singh
Field experiments were conducted during two consecutive years 2007 and 2008 at seven locations, viz. Ambikapur, Bahraich, Banswara, Chhindwara, Ranchi, Udaipur and Varanasi of different agro-ecologies to evaluate the effect of integrated nutrient management on productivity of quality protein maize (Zea mays L.) sown in sequence of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Integrated application of total nutrient doses from both organic and inorganic sources (225 N+ 105 P2O5 + 90 K2O kg/ha) to maize resulted in maximum grain yield of quality protein maize hybrid (HQPM 1) during both the years at all the locations studied. The pooled analysis also showed that the application of FYM@ 6 tonnes/ha at N4 level resulted into significantly higher grain yield during both the years across the locations. However the response of FYM application was higher at Ambikapur, Chhindwara, Ranchi and Varanasi as compared to other three locations. The pooled analysis of the nutrient productivity across the locations showed that it was highest with the application of O0N1 treatment. The productivity gained with the application of O0N4 can be obtained with the application of O1N2 although there is less than 50% of the nutrients applied through the FYM are utilized by the first crop. Hence the application of the organic manure up to the N2 fertility levels leads to enhance the overall productivity of the land in the system as compared to sole application of N4 levels. The SREG biplot analysis by SAS software for the yield and nutrient productivity also showed the similar trend in the results.