Browsing by Author "S.S. Solankey"

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Functional physiology in drought tolerance of vegetable crops—an approach to mitigate climate change impact
(Apple Academic Press, 2015) A. Chatterjee; S.S. Solankey
[No abstract available]
FUNCTIONAL PHYSIOLOGY IN DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF VEGETABLE CROPS: AN APPROACH TO MITIGATE CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT
(CRC Press, 2015) A. Chatterjee; S.S. Solankey
Moisture stress is one of the greatest environmental factors reducing yield in arid and semiarid crops. Drought is often accompanied by relatively high temperatures, which promote evapotranspiration, (ET) and affects photosynthetic kinetics, thus intensifying the consequences of drought and further reducing crop yield. About two third of the geographical area of India receives low rainfall (less than 1000 mm), which is also characterized by uneven and erratic distribution. Out of net sown area of 140 million hectares about 68% is reported to be vulnerable to drought stress and about 50% of such vulnerable area is classified as ‘severe, ‘where frequency of drought is almost regular. Vegetables being succulent in nature, are sensitive to drought stress, particularly during flowering to seed development stage. Moreover, the legume vegetables, for instance cowpea, vegetable pea, Indian beans, etc., grown in arid and semiarid regions are generally affected by drought at the reproductive stage. Drought stress triggers drought tolerance mechanisms involving certain morphological, physiological and biochemical traits in vegetables, which are considered to be adaptive in nature. These traits are investigated thoroughly to serve as screening tools in developing drought resistance varieties with greater potential to maximize use of stored soil water and increased economic yield per unit water use. Starting from germination potential, shoot and root architecture and root anatomy, shoot and root fresh and dry weight ratio, total leaf area, stability to flowering processes are needed to be analyzed. Important physiological traits such as osmotic adjustment, cell membrane stability, (CMS), photosynthetic and transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, (WUE) chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, photosynthetic pigment content, plant canopy temperature simultaneously with biochemical attributes including level of antioxidant enzymes, non enzymatic antioxidant and pyridine nucleotides involve in drought tolerance mechanism. © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.
Genetic Diversity and Interrelationship of Qualitative and Quantitative Traits in Sweet Potato
(Taylor and Francis Inc., 2015) S.S. Solankey; P.K. Singh; R.K. Singh
Understanding the nature and magnitude of genetic diversity and interrelationship among sweet potato genotypes for traits of economic importance is vital to effective crop improvement. Genetic variability, character association, path coefficient, and genetic diversity analysis for 17 qualitative and quantitative traits in 20 diverse sweet potato genotypes was undertaken. A wide range of genetic variation occurred for tuber yield per plant, carotene content, starch content, fresh weight of tubers per plant, and numbers of branch per plant. Fresh weight of tuber per plant had a positive phenotypic correlation with number of tubers per plant followed by days to maturity and vine internode length. Total carotene content had a positive significant association with vine length, number of leaves per plant, and number of branches per plant. Days to maturity had a positive phenotypic correlation with vine length, vine internode length, and number of leaves per plant. At the genotypic level the highest, positive, direct effect on fresh weight of tubers per plant was due to dry matter content and days to maturity followed by moisture content via numbers of tubers per plant and total sugar content. Cluster analysis divided genotypes into two main groups, indicating a genetic relationship among accessions. The genetic variability and traits relationship could provide new avenues to breed improved sweet potato. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Genetic expression of heterosis for yield and quality traits during different growing seasons in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)
(2013) S.S. Solankey; Anil K Singh; R.K. Singh
The trial was conducted during summer and rainy seasons of 2006-2008 at the Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi. Appreciable heterosis over better parents of 51 F1'S of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] was recorded for various horticultural traits and quality traits over both the seasons. It was confounded that rainy seasons was more yield productive seasons than summer. The colour pigment expressed that the reddish green pod colour was dominant over green and purple green pod colour in F1's crosses due to additive gene effects. The high fruit yield potential and quality attributing traits recorded in the F1 hybrid Arka Abhay × Arka Anamika has been directly attributed to increased number of fruits/plant during both climatic changes years. Therefore, their parents can be used in breeding programme for development of a new homogenous variety.
Genetic expression of tomato for heat and drought stress tolerance: An overview
(Taylor and Francis Inc., 2014) S.S. Solankey; R.K. Singh; D.K. Baranwal; D.K. Singh
Favorable temperatures for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivation are between 25 and 30◦C during the day and 20◦C at night. Average global temperatures are increasing by approximately 0.3◦C per decade. A 2–4◦C increase over the optimal (25◦C) temperature adversely affects plant growth, flowering, gamete development, embryo development, and seed germination; inhibits the ability of pollinated flowers to develop into seeded fruit; inhibits fruit ripening; and reduces yield. Drought resulting from insufficient rainfall and/or altered precipitation patterns is another important climatic stress factor for tomato, often accompanied by relatively high temperature, in which evapotranspiration is affected and photosynthetic kinetics and crop productivity reduced. Application of genomics in tomato, to discover novel and high-throughput genetic and molecular technologies as an indirect selection tool, provides the potential for increasing efficiency of breeding by reducing the genotype * environment interaction, facilitating efficient introgression of superior alleles from wild species into plants, promoting gene-pyramiding control of quantitative traits, and enhancing development of stress-tolerant, higher yielding varieties. Advances in genetics and genomics have improved the understanding of structural and functional aspects of plant genomes. The CBF/NHX1/DREB1 genes have been used successfully to engineer drought tolerance in tomato. These genes are transcription factors implicated in tomato response to drought and heat stress. There are few tomato varieties/species which can easily adapt to stress tolerance as environmental conditions change. Some tomato varieties and wild species are heat and drought tolerant. The focus of research is to use tools and techniques to deliver global integration and overcome effects of environmental stresses on tomato. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Heterosis of okra resistance sources for okra yellow vein mosaic virus (OYVMV) in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2016) S.S. Solankey; A.K. Singh; R.K. Singh
Fifty one hybrids of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] were generated by crossing between seventeen lines and three testers. Seventy one (20 parents + 51 hybrids) genotypes were used for screening against okra yellow vein mosaic virus (OYVMV) in open field condition and studied the heterosis for disease resistance and associated yield traits during rainy season and summer season of 2007 and 2008. The disease pressure of OYVMV was high in rainy season crop because of high humidity and rainfall along with more multiplication of whiteflies. Eight parents (VRO 5, VRO 6, AC 108, Arka Abhay, EC 305612, IIVR 435, IIVR 401 and SA 2) and 30 and 33 F1 crosses were found highly resistant for OYVMV disease during both rainy and summer season. Summer season crop was more producible for number of fruits and fruit yield/plant than rainy season crop due to low disease incidence. Those crosses which involved the parents IIVR 198, SA 2, Arka Abhay, AC 108, and VRO 5, gave better heterosis performance for disease resistance and associated yield traits.
Phytochemical variations in different tomato genotypes grown in Eastern Indian Indo-Gangetic Regions
(Tarbiat Modares University, 2018) P. Neha; S.S. Solankey; K. Barman; S. Akhtar; M. Kumari
In this study, fifteen commercial varieties, nine exotic genotypes, and three wild species of tomato grown in Eastern India were analyzed for variations in different phytochemicals viz. ascorbic acid, lycopene, total carotenoids, total phenolics content and total antioxidant capacity. Selected genotypes showed significant differences with respect to phytochemical composition. Among antioxidant property parameter, ascorbic acid content ranged between 12.62 to 76.15 mg 100 g-1 of Fresh Weight (FW), whereas, the total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity varied from 41.10 to 139.59 mg GAE 100 g-1 of FW and 1.16 to 4.52 μmol Trolex Equivalent (TE) g-1 of FW, respectively. Among carotenoid parameters, lycopene and total carotenoids content in whole tomato fruit ranged between 0.47 to 5.48 and 1.14 to 5.79 mg 100 g-1 of FW, respectively. Interestingly, it was found that, among the evaluated genotypes, Exotic Collection (EC lines) showed significant enriched amount of these phytochemicals. Results indicated that the maximum ascorbic acid (76.15 mg 100 g-1 FW), total phenolics content (139.59 mg GAE 100 g-1 of FW), and total antioxidant capacity (4.52 μmol TE g-1 of FW) was highest in exotic collection EC 528372, while, lycopene (5.48 mg 100 g-1 of FW) and total carotenoids content (5.79 mg 100 g-1 of FW) were recorded highest in cultivar Rio Grande. Thus, this group of screened genotypes consisting of phytochemical rich wild species and exotic collection can be further used for improvement of functional quality of tomato in future breeding programs of India and the Indo Gangetic region. © 2018, Tarbiat Modares University. All rights reserved.