Browsing by Author "S.V.S. Raju"

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Determination of toxicity of newer insecticide molecules against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (chrysomelidae: Coleoptera) under laboratory conditions
(Editorial board of Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 2020) S. Ramesh Babu; S.V.S. Raju; P.S. Singh; Kamal Ravi Sharma
Present study was conducted to evaluate the insecticidal activity and mode of action of commercial formulations of newer insecticides viz., Spinosad 45 % SC, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 % SC, Emamectin benzoate 5 % SG, Chlorfenapyr 10 % SC against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) by dry film residue method under laboratory conditions during the year 2017-18 in the Department of Entomology, Banaras Hindu University. Results of study were compared with check treatment Deltamethrin 2.8 % SC. Among the tested insecticides Spinosad 45 % SC showed best efficacy at both LC50 and LC99.9 and it was more toxicity than other insecticides. The LC50 values of Spinosad 45 % SC to the adults of C. maculatus were 0.0005, 0.0003 and 0.0002 per cent while LC99.9 values were 0.0037, 0.0027 and 0.001 percent at 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment (HAT), respectively. The log concentration probit (lcp) lines slope (b) values for Spinosad 45 % SC were 2.634, 2.513 and 3.455 at 24, 48 and 72 HAT, respectively. © 2020, Editorial board of Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences. All rights reserved.
Differential preference of grain of landrace and commercial rice genotypes to Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) attack
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Kamal Ravi Sharma; S.V.S. Raju; Sameer Kumar Singh; Rashmirekha Singh; Rajendran Dhanapal; Rakesh Kumar
The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is one of the most damaging pests to stored cereal grains worldwide. The current study aimed to clarify the relationship between S. oryzae development and the governing physicochemical grain properties. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the grain preference of various landrace and commercial rice genotypes to rice weevil. S. oryzae, findings divulged the low rates of adult emergence, low rates of grain consumption and high rates of mortality in the grain of rice varieties, HUR-3022 and Nagina-22. Conversely, S. oryzae adult emergence and grain consumption were found to be high in the grain of Swarna, Sathi, and Pusa basmati-1. Interestingly, the morphological and biochemical composition of the grain was the most important factor in determining resistant or preferred rice varieties to S. oryzae. Among the various physical characteristics investigated, grain hardness was found to have a significant and negative correlation with alive insect, grain weight loss, and preference index. On the other hand, protein and other biochemical grain characteristics were found to have a positive correlation with insect emergence, weight loss, and preference index. In particular, amylose (a key grain component) was found to have a negative correlation with weight loss and insect emergence. The findings of this study suggest that screening of different rice genotypes, for determining grain preference, may be a more viable option to minimize the grain losses during storage caused by S. oryzae. Moreover, the findings of present study could also help to formulate the breeding programs aimed at developing cultivars resistant to this notorious pest. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
Effect of biotic and abiotic factors on the population dynamics of Nilaparvata lugens in the middle Gangetic Plains of India
(Triveni Enterprises, 2024) K.R. Sharma; S.V.S. Raju; S.K. Singh; R. Singh; U. Chandra; P.K. Dalal; R. Kumar
Aim: To investigate the effect of biotic and abiotic factors on the population dynamics of brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) in the middle Gangetic plains of India. Methodology: Field trials were conducted in the middle Gangetic plains of India at Agricultural Research Farm, B.H.U., Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India during Kharif season of 2018 and 2019 on the variety Swarna sub-1 to study the population dynamics and certain biotic and abiotic interaction with brown planthopper. Results: During Kharif 2018 and 2019, the highest mean number of brown planthopper population (45.00 ± 2.31 and 39.33 ±1.82 nos., respectively) were recorded during September in both seasons. Abiotic factors such as rainfall (r = - 0.556), relative humidity in the morning (r = 0.476), maximum temperature (r = 0.511), and sunshine hour (r = - 0.546) influenced planthopper population dynamics, and predictions were made with reasonable accuracy (R2 = 0.89) using the principal component regression analysis technique. Crop phenology was the most influential biotic factor on pest population density. The crop's booting stage had the highest incidence of planthoppers. Three different predatory populations (wolf spider, damselfly and ladybird beetle) were observed to feed on planthoppers in Kharif 2018 and four different predatory populations (wolf spider, damselfly, ladybird beetle and green mirid bug) were observed to feed on planthoppers in Kharif 2019, resulting in a reduction in crop pest density. Interpretation: These findings can be used to develop the precise management strategies for brown planthopper in the rice ecosystem. © Triveni Enterprises, Lucknow (India)
EFFECT OF CROP GROWTH STAGES ON THE FIELD POPULATION OF RICE HOPPERS
(The Entomological Society of India, 2023) Kamal Ravi Sharma; S.V.S. Raju; Kuldeep Singh; S. Ramesh Babu
The rice hoppers viz., brown plant hopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), white-backed planthopper (WBPH) Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) and green leafhopper (GLH) Nephotettix virescens Distant cause loss in rice and the damage is influenced by plant growth stages. Field experiment has been conducted in this study to evaluate the effect of the growing stages on the incidence of these hoppers at the Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India during kharif 2018 and 2019. The results revealed that the incidence is significantly varying among the growth stages, and positively correlated (p < 0.05). Nilaparvata lugens and S. furcifera are the most abundant during the maximum tillering to booting stage. In contrast that of N. virescens peaked during the booting to flowering stage. © 2023, The Entomological Society of India. All rights reserved.
Effect of elevated carbon dioxide on biology and morphometric parameters of yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas infesting rice (Oryza sativa)
(Association of Agrometeorologists, 2022) Gouri Shankar Giri; S.V.S. Raju; S.D. Mohapatra; Munmun Mohapatra
An experiment was conducted at Research Farm, National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India to quantify the effect of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations on the biology and morphometric parameters of yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas, Pyralidae, Lepidoptera). Yellow stem borer is one of the major pest of rice in the whole rice growing regions of South East Asia. The effect of three carbon dioxide concentrations i.e. 410 ppm (ambient), 550 ppm and 700 ppm on the duration of the developmental period as well as morphometric parameters of each stage of the lifecycle of the pest was analysed. It was found that, there was an increase in the duration of the developmental period of each stage of life cycle as the concentration of CO2 increases. However, the life span of the adult moth was significantly lower under the elevated CO2 concentrations when compared with ambient CO2 concentration. Morphometric parameters viz., mean length, width and weight of each larval instar, pupa and adult were found to be significantly higher in elevated concentrations of CO2 as compared to ambient concentration. © 2022, Association of Agrometeorologists. All rights reserved.
Effect of environmental factors on the population dynamics of major sucking pests of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)
(Malhotra Publishing House, 2020) Bhawani Singh Meena; S.V.S. Raju; S. Ramesh Babu; Kamal Ravi Sharma
Incidence of jassids was started during 34th SW, while initial aphids and whitefly infestation was observed during 35th SW. However, peak population of aphids had been observed during 41st SW, whereas, whiteflies and jassids population has reached its peak level on 40th SW. The correlation analysis showed that the aphid population has significantly positive correlation with morning RH, evening RH, average RH and maximum temperature and positive non-significant correlation with average temperature. Further, negative non-significant correlation showed with minimum temperature, while rainfall showed significant negative correlation with aphid population. Correlation analysis of certain abiotic factors with Jassid and whitefly revealed that the population also showed positive correlation with temperature and relative humidity. However, the pests population showed negative correlation with rainfall. © J. ent. Res.
Effects of environmental factors on population dynamics of rice earhead bug and their management with newer insecticide combinations and sole insecticide
(Bangladesh Botanical Society, 2019) Kamal Ravi Sharma; S.V.S. Raju; K.N. Singh; D. Rakshith Roshan
An experiment was conducted to study the population dynamics of rice earhead bug and to evaluate the efficacy of newer insecticide combinations and sole insecticide along with untreated control. The rice earhead bug population was first recorded on 36th standard week as 1 nos./10 sweep nets and peak population (17 nos./10 sweep nets) was observed during 44th standard week. The correlation analysis revealed that rice earhead bug showed significant negative correlation with rainfall while the remaining weather parameters like average relative humidity and average temperature were found negative and non-significantly correlated. The overall data of efficacy revealed that all insecticidal treatments were significantly superior over untreated control. However, the plots treated with fipronil 5% + buprofezin 20% SC recorded the lowest number of rice earhead bug population (2.10 and 3.51 nos./5 sweep nets) after first and second insecticidal sprays, respectively, followed by indoxacarb 10% + thiamethoxam 10% WG (2.47 and 4.25 nos./5 sweep nets, respectively). Whereas, application of thiamethoxam 25% WG and buprofezin 25% singly SC were recorded as third and fourth best treatments, respectively. © 2019 Bangladesh Botanical Society. All rights reserved.
Effects of environmental factors on the population dynamics of chilli fruit borer and its management with newer insecticide combinations and sole insecticides
(DAV College, 2020) Deepak Kumar; Kamal Ravi Sharma; S.V.S. Raju; S. Ramesh Babu
An experiment was conducted to study the population dynamics of Chilli fruit borer and to evaluate the efficacy of newer insecticide combinations and sole insecticides along with untreated control. The chilli fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) population was first recorded during 41st standard week as 0.14 larvae per plant and peak population (4.02 larvae per plant) was observed during 46th standard week. The correlation analysis revealed that H. armigera population showed significant and negative correlation with relative humidity while the remaining weather parameters like temperature and rainfall were negatively and non-significantly correlated. The data of per cent field efficacy revealed that all insecticidal treatments were significantly superior over untreated control. However, the plots treated with combination insecticide Fipronil 5% + Buprofezin 20% SC @100+400 g a.i./ha recorded the highest per cent field efficacy (76.62%) while, sole insecticide Fipronil 5% SC @ 50 g a.i./ha recorded 52.08 per cent field efficacy. © 2020 DAV College. All rights reserved.
Evaluation of baseline toxicity to thiamethoxam in mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) under laboratory conditions
(Malhotra Publishing House, 2023) Richa Kumari; S.V.S. Raju; Akash P. Nikoshe
LC50 of thiamethoxam to aphids reared over 8 generations under laboratory conditions without selection pressure was estimated to be 3.33 ppm as against 6.08 ppm in the parental population indicating the existence of field level resistance in the local population to the insecticide. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.
Evaluation of rice genotypes and varieties for resistance to white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
(Malhotra Publishing House, 2024) Kamal Ravi Sharma; S.V.S. Raju; R.S. Meena; Sameer Kumar Singh; Rashmirekha Singh
Field screening of 50 genotypes and varieties of rice against white-backed planthopper revealed that rice genotypes IR82475-110-2-2-1-2, Akshyadhan, and MTU-1010 recorded minimum population and TN1, Swarna, MTU 7029, Baranideep and Sahbhagidhan showed maximum population of the pest. Rice genotypes Akshyadhan, HUR-105, Sathi and IR 96248-16-3-3-2B showed the lowest amount of total sugar in leaves while, IR82475-110-2-2-1-2, Akshyadhan, NDR-97 and IR 96248-16-3-3-2B recorded highest total phenol contents. However, the maximum per cent of crude silica content was observed in Akshyadhan, IR 96248-16-3-3-2B, and Pantdhan-12. The rice genotypes IR82475-110-2-2-1-2, Akshyadhan, MTU-1010 and IR-96248-16-3-3-2B exhibited fair degree of resistance to white-backed planthoppers. © 2024, Malhotra Publishing House. All rights reserved.
Evaluation of tomato germplasms/cultivars for its comparative level of resistance against tomato fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner)
(2011) Kuldeep Singh; D.K. Singh; S.V.S. Raju
Thirty germplasms/cultivars evaluated for their varietal susceptibility/resistance against tomato fruit borer, only Punjab Chhuhara was identified as highly resistant variety of tomato offering maximum protection to fruit damage during both the years of study. The genotypes like TLBRH-6, Hissar Anmol, Kashi Amrit and Punjab Keshari were found moderately resistant, whereas, Kashi Vishesh, Pusa Rubi, Punjab Upma and Avinash-2 were susceptible against fruit borer infesting 10.10 to 15.00 per cent fruit damage and the remaining twenty one cultivars/cultures were graded highly susceptible to fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera) infestation.
Field efficacy of novel insecticides emamectin benzoate and spinosad against fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) on tomato
(Malhotra Publishing House, 2022) Kuldeep Singh; S.V.S. Raju; Kamal Ravi Sharma
Emamectin Benzoate 5 EC @ 15 g a.i./ha was effective in reducing the infestation of fruit borer and increased the yield of healthy fruits by 38.94 and 39.99% and minimized the yield loss by 42.23 and 42.43% over untreated control during 2017-18 and 2018-19, respectively. Spinosad 45 SC formulation was also effective @ 75 g a.i./ha in protecting the crop and increased the yield of healthy fruits by 34.50 and 36.16% and minimized the yield loss by 35.57 and 36.26% during both the years, respectively. © 2022. All Rights Reserved.
Field efficacy of some combination insecticide formulations against paddy planthoppers
(Society of Pesticide Science India, 2019) K.R. Sharma; S.V.S. Raju
Comparative field efficacy of certain insecticide combination formulations with their sole insecticidal treatments is reported against rice planthoppers [brown (BPH) and white backed (WBPH)] during kharif 2016. The plots treated with fipronil 5 per cent + buprofezin 20 per cent SC @ 62.5+250 g a.i. ha-1 recorded the lowest number of BPH population (3.83 and 2.61 per 5 hills) in the first and second insecticidal sprays, respectively, followed by indoxacarb 10 per cent + thiamethoxam 10 per cent WG @ 50 + 50 g a.i. ha-1 (4.81 and 3.45 per 5 hills, respectively). The sole treatments of thiamethoxam 25WG @ 25 g a.i. ha-1 and buprofezin 25WG @ 50 g a.i. ha-1 performed as the third and fourth best treatments, respectively. The WBPH population was low in plots treated with fipronil + buprofezin EC (2.95 and 2.60 per 5 hills) after the first and second insecticidal sprays, respectively, followed by indoxacarb + thiamethoxam WG (3.83 and 3.36 per 5 hills, respectively). The highest population was recorded in untreated control. The highest per cent yield over control was recorded in fipronil + buprofezin EC treated plot (47.84), followed by indoxacarb + thiamethoxam 10 WG (44.88). © 2019, Society of Pesticide Science India. All rights reserved.
Host Preference and Damage Assessment of Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera) on Different Hosts
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2021) S. Ramesh Babu; S.V.S. Raju; P.S. Singh; Kamal Ravi Sharma
The host preference of pulse beetle, C. maculatus to selected host grains were evaluated under laboratory conditions in the Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Banaras Hindu University during the year 2018. Cowpea and green gram were most preferred hosts for C. maculatus in terms of oviposition, per cent survival and mean developmental periods. Red gram and soybean were comparatively less preferred host for oviposition (66.38 eggs/50 seeds and 69.00 eggs/50 seeds respectively) than other host grains. In terms of per cent grain damage (92.25%; 90.19%) and per cent weight loss of grains (76.27%; 75.92%) cowpea and green gram were most preferable hosts respectively after 120 days after insect inoculation. © 2021, Agricultural Research Communication Centre. All rights reserved.
Impact of different intercroppings in the management of pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera Hüb. in chickpea
(Malhotra Publishing House, 2015) Kuldeep Singh; S.V.S. Raju; N.N. Singh
The effect of different intercropping on the larval population of gram pod borer in chickpea was assessed on the basis of pod borer larvae and yield (q/ha). The chickpea intercropped with coriander recorded minimum number of pod borer larvae per meter row and maximum yield (q/ha) of chickpea followed by chickpea + mustard, chickpea + pea and chickpea + linseed. All the intercropping combinations scored lesser population of pod borer and higher yield as compared to the chickpea sole crop.
Impact of predatory ants on two lepidopteran insect pests in Indian cauliflower agroecosystems
(2007) V.M. Agarwal; N. Rastogi; S.V.S. Raju
The impact of predatory, agroecosystem-nesting ant species on the larval stages of the two major lepidopteran pests, the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella and the black cutworm (BC), Agrotis ipsilon, in cauliflower agroecosystem in Uttar Pradesh, India, was investigated in farmers' fields. Field observations revealed that six ant species, the most important being Pheidole sp., preyed on the crop-damaging stages of DBM and BC. Bait experiments with larvae of DBM and BC, placed randomly on the ground, demonstrated significant active retrieval by Pheidole sp. Investigations on larval density of both the insect pests on cauliflower crops, located within 1-5 m distances from nests of Pheidole sp., revealed a significant increase in the level of infestation of the crop plants with increasing distance from the ant nests. While a significant negative correlation was found between infested plants with low larval densities, a positive correlation was found between plants with high larval densities with regard to the distance of crop plant location from the ant nest. Ant-inclusion and -exclusion experiments under field conditions further confirmed the role of predatory ants, with Pheidole sp. having the major impact in the direct retrieval of the lepidopteran larvae from the crop plants. A significant difference was found in the leaf area damaged by BC larvae between the ant-included and -excluded potted plants during the 6-h observation period. Thus, this study provides direct evidence of the role of ants in actively searching and directly preying on the larval stages of DBM and BC, on cauliflower plants. Moreover, we demonstrate that in ephemeral, annual cropping agroecosystems, predatory ants are important natural enemies of lepidopteran pests, playing a significant role in plant protection. © 2007 The Authors.
Incidence of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on finger millet and sorghum in Karnataka, India
(Malhotra Publishing House, 2022) N. Vinay; S.V.S. Raju; N. Srinivasa; Kamal Ravi Sharma
During the survey, the fall armyworm infestation was noticed on finger millet and sorghum in two villages of Tumkur district of Karnataka, India. The pest was identified based on both morphological characters of larva and the damage symptoms in the field by available literatures. The survey revealed the incidence of 19.52 - 25.20% on finger millet and 27.32 - 30.67% on sorghum at both the locations. Present report records first incidence of fall armyworm on finger millet in Karnataka. © MPH J. ent. Res.
Influence of environmental effect on the population dynamics of brown plant hopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) and white-backed plant hopper, Sogatella furcifera (Hovarth) in Varanasi region
(Malhotra Publishing House, 2018) Kamal Ravi Sharma; S.V.S. Raju; Deepak Kumar Jaiswal
Effect of abiotic factors on the population dynamics of brown plant hopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) and white-backed plant hopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Hovarth) was studied. BPH population appeared during 30th standard week and reached to its peak during 40th standard week. However, the incidence of WBPH commenced from 32nd standard week and attained peak population levels during 40th standard week. The correlation analysis showed that BPH population has significantly positive correlation with morning RH, evening RH and average RH. Further non-significant positive correlation with minimum temperature, maximum temperature, average temperature and a non-significant negative correlation with rainfall was observed. The correlation analysis of certain abiotic factors with WBPH revealed that the population also showed positive significant correlation with average RH and a positive non-significant correlation with evening RH, morning RH, maximum temperature, minimum temperature and average temperature. However, the population showed negative non significant correlation with rainfall. © 2018 MPH.
Influence of environmental factors on the population dynamics of chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis (Hood) and aphid, Aphis gossypii (glover)
(Editorial board of Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 2019) Deepak Kumar; Kamal Ravi Sharma; S.V.S. Raju
Insect pests continue to pose a major threat for achieving higher production of chilli crop. The experiment was conducted to study population dynamics of chilli thrips and aphids at Varanasi on 100 m2 unsprayed field during 2016-17. The chilli thrips and aphid population were counted from ten randomly selected chilli plants and the abiotic factors like temperature, relative Humidity (RH), rainfall were also recorded. Result of the study revealed that chilli thrips population first appeared during the third week of September and reached its peak during the third week of October. However, the incidence of the aphid population commenced from the fourth week of September and attained peak population levels during the fourth week of October. Further the correlation analysis of abiotic factors with chilli thrips population showed that the positive correlation with maximum temperature whereas, a negative correlation with relative humidity during morning, relative humidity during evening, minimum temperature and rainfall were also observed. While the aphid population showed positive correlation with maximum temperature. However, negative correlations were observed with relative humidity during morning, relative humidity during evening, rainfall and minimum temperature. These results of present study help in the development of the forecasting model and timely preparedness to manage pest problems and prevent crop losses. © 2019, Editorial board of Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences. All rights reserved.
Morphological parameters of tomato genotypes and resistance to fruit borer helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)
(The Entomological Society of India, 2020) Kalpana Bisht; N.N. Singh; S.V.S. Raju
The tomato fruit borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) causes heavy loss in tomato due to tenderness of the plant. Identifying resistant/ tolerant genotypes is required for deploying host plant resistance as an IPM strategy. This study evaluates the morphological characters of 22 genotypes for resistance to H. armigera, under field conditions at the Vegetable Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University during rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19. The morphological characters viz., no. of branches/ plant and calyx/ fruit revealed a positive correlation while density of trichomes on leaves and calyx and fruit pericarp thickness showed negative correlation, when correlated with fruit weight loss. In contrast, the trichome density on calyx/ leaves exhibited an inverse relation with no. of eggs laid. The genotypes which showed 0.1-10% fruit weight loss could be considered as resistant. © 2020, The Entomological Society of India. All rights reserved.