Browsing by Author "Sachin Kumar Tiwary"

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Depiction of Pregnancy and Child Birth in Early Indian Rock Art: An Overview of Socio-Cultural Behaviour
(ARF India, 2025) Neelam Singh; Sachin Kumar Tiwary
Rock art is an expression of human behaviour in a symbolic way. It is an assemblage of signs and symbols which are not easy to explain as they appear. Some of the symbols are very common worldwide like the symbols of procreation or fertility. These are present in art from palaeolithic art to modern art. Present research paper is a small attempt to highlight and decode these depictions like pregnancy, child birth and other scenes and symbols related to the theme in light of human’s biological, social and cultural behaviour. All kind of behaviour which are liable to bring individuals together, comes under social behaviour. Social behaviour is interaction of people to make the survival easy, it also includes cultural activities which can be seen as psychological support for survival. Reproduction is a part of human’s biological behaviour but it also builds social behaviour among people. Different steps of this process (reproduction) need social cooperation and psychological support which creates the basic structure of the society. In the present paper, through the study of rock art we will try to find out how the social and cultural behaviour of people in the past managed the evolutionary or biological problems of reproduction. © ARF India.
Folklore and Ethno-Rock Art Studies in the Kaimur Region of India: The Story of the Oraon Tribe
(Ubiquity Press, 2021) Sachin Kumar Tiwary; Panchanan Dalai; Om Prakash
The present work engages with a comparative study of the Oraon Folklore and their Rock Art for assessing how both these genres seemingly record the geo-cultural history of Oraon origin, their forced migrations and their current state of habitations in another Indian state Jharkhand. It attempts to establish a relation between archaeological data available in the form of rock art supplemented by written accounts and local traditions wherever possible. Based on field works, personal interactions with local inhabitants, especially on important events like, marriage, festivals, rituals etc., and archeological scrutiny of rock art available in the Oraons' previous habitation, i.e., the Kaimur Region in current Indian state of Bihar, the paper attempts to expose the historical value and cultural parallelism of Oraons' folk narratives and rock art. The paper strongly believes that both these genres conspicuously display the cultural history of a marginalized tribe that has undergone several historical and cultural ordeals. Besides this, the paper also offers, for the first time, an English translation of Oraons' oral folklore, adhering to the interdisciplinary approach of this paper. However, most significantly, the paper in its attempt to trace the continuity of rock art in this Kaimur Region also becomes an addition to the domain of ethno-rock art studies. © 2021 The Author(s). All Rights Reserved.
GEOGLYPHS: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL APPROACH
(Australian Rock Art Research Association, 2025) Gori Tumi Echevarría-López; Sachin Kumar Tiwary
This article reviews the background and nomenclature of a specific type of graphic phenomenology currently known as geoglyphs. The properties of these materials, especially their technological variation, are examined here based on examples mainly from Peru and India. The record of the mechanical pressure technique to produce geoglyphs stands out, as it is documented at different archaeological sites, from which it is inferred that this technique had wide use in the past, especially in the Andes. It is concluded that the phenomenological definition of the geoglyphs is substantial in determining the nature of this type of archaeological evidence, with implications for its conservation, treatment and interpretation. © 2025, Australian Rock Art Research Association. All rights reserved.
Multiple Domestication Centers of the Indian Pig Population
(Oxford University Press, 2025) Shailesh Desai; Prajjval Pratap Singh; Rudra Kumar Pandey; Rahul Kumar Mishra; Akhilesh Kumar Chaubey; Ajit Kumar; Sachin Kumar Tiwary; Sandeep Kumar Gupta; A. Achilli; Nicola Rambaldi Migliore; G. Chaubey
The domestication of animals is a major milestone in human history and has been studied in various fields. Pig domestication, in particular, has been widely studied, and it is believed that India is one of at least six domestication centers. However, there is a lack of systematic studies using high-resolution genetic markers, including complete mitogenomes, to investigate the domestication and genetic roots of pigs in India. In the present study, we investigated the origin and evolution of Indian pigs using mitochondrial genetic data to complement archaeological data sets. The phylogenetic status of Indian pig breeds was determined by analyzing all available mitochondrial data, incorporating a global data set of 239 mitogenomes. The Bayesian and maximum likelihood tree analyses unveiled at least eight haplogroups diverging from three main branches, two of which are geographically restricted to India. We propose that the North Indian domestic haplogroup might represent an independent in situ domestication event in North India, probably dating before ∼5,000 YBP. An additional North East Indian domestic haplogroup is nested within a widespread Asian clade that also includes Indian mitogenomes from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands that diverged more recently from distinct East and Southeast Asian roots. In conclusion, we propose that North Indian farmers could have been responsible for the independent domestication of local wild boars giving rise to the current domestic lineage identified in North India. At least one additional domestic lineage arrived in India more recently and remained mainly localized in the northeast. Domestic mitogenomes from the Indian islands show a notable connection with pig populations from Vietnam, and their arrival might be related to Austroasiatic-speaking human populations. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the complex dynamics of pig domestication in India. © The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.
Portuguese patrimony in India: Continuity of the past into the present
(Archaeopress, 2024) Sachin Kumar Tiwary; Om Prakash
When the land route from Europe to India was lost after the fall of Constantinople in 1453, the need arose to discover the sea route to India. The Portuguese succeeded in finally discovering the much- coveted sea route to India when Vasco Da Gama reached at the Indian shores in Calicut on May 20th of 1498. However, soon other European countries started sending their merchants to India which led to competition and conflict among the European powers over the issue of control of trade in India for cotton, sugar, spices, and labourers. Subsequently, the mainland of India fell in control of the British East India Company and the Portuguese were restrained on the western coast of India, where they finally settled in Goa which became the headquarter of the Portuguese from where they controlled and exercised a full monopoly over the spice trade from the South-East Asian countries. With this arose the 'Indo-Portuguese Cultural Exchanges' between India and Portugal which lasted more than four centuries starting in 1505 and lasting to 1961. Thus, surpassing the 200 long British Rule in India. The purpose of the proposed paper is to highlight some of the important influences and exchanges between the Indian and Portuguese cultures that occurred during the centuries-long cohabitation of the Indian and Portuguese people on Indian soil. However, the relationship was not always cordial as it also had some occasional doses of conflict. Nevertheless, the smallest state of Indian republic, Goa, became the controlling centre of the Portuguese for the rest of the eastern world like Korea, Japan, Indonesia, Bangladesh, etc for more than 400 years. And it is quite interesting to note that the language, trade, architectural designs were some of the influences between the Portuguese and Indians. India is the only place where the Portuguese building heritage is nominated in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites. © the individual authors and Archaeopress 2024. All rights reserved.