Browsing by Author "Sagnik Dey"

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A framework for city-specific air quality health index: a comparative assessment of Delhi and Varanasi, India
(Institute of Physics, 2025) Franciosalgeo George; Pallavi Joshi; Sagnik Dey; R. K. Mall; Santu Ghosh
Air quality index (AQI) is a crucial tool for communicating the health risks of air quality to the public. However, the current AQI in India does not consider the health impacts of exposure to air pollutants, necessitating the development of air quality health index (AQHI). Here, we proposed a framework for developing city-specific AQHI that better reflects local air quality and associated health risks using air pollution and health data from two polluted and densely populated cities in north India—Delhi and Varanasi (Delhi: 2013-2017; Varanasi: 2009-2016). We also constructed a pooled AQHI by combining data from both cities. Using concentrations of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide, and ozone, we applied generalized additive models with a quasi-Poisson link, using daily mortality counts as the outcome, excluding suicide and accidental deaths. A 10 µg m−3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with mortality increases of 0.17% (95% CI: 0.01-0.34) in Varanasi, 0.20% (95% CI: 0.1-0.29) in Delhi, and 0.16% (95% CI: 0.08-0.24) in the pooled model. The city-specific AQHI classified 21.8% of days in Delhi as ‘Satisfactory’ versus 18.2% by the pooled index, while 24.2% of days were ‘Poor’ compared to 30.1% under the pooled index. In Varanasi, 6.8% of days were ‘Good’ under the city-specific AQHI, compared to 9.3% by the pooled index, with 15.7% of days classified as ‘Poor’ versus 19.3% by the pooled index. Our results suggest that a single-pooled AQHI may misrepresent local air quality and associated health risks. Since AQHI values are derived from excess mortality risk estimates, a city-specific AQHI ensures a more accurate reflection of local pollution-related health impacts, supporting targeted public health interventions. We recommend accessibility of health data to enable developing AQHI for non-attainment cities in India and use it to track progress towards cleaner air. © 2025 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
Ambient PM2.5 exposure and premature mortality burden in the holy city Varanasi, India
(Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Vaishali Jain; Sagnik Dey; Sourangsu Chowdhury
More than 3 million population residing in the holy city Varanasi and sub-urban areas is exposed to very high level of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from various sources. Continuous monitoring by Central Pollution Control Board started only in 2015; therefore what was the pollution level in the past and how it has changed over the years are not known. We use MODIS aerosol products to infer PM2.5 and examine 15-year climatology. Data shows a rapid (1.5–3% per year) increase in PM2.5 in the last 15 years and high (87% days in a year) persistence of PM2.5 above the national air quality standard. It translates to a burden of 5700 (2800–7500) annual premature deaths (0.16% of the population), of which 29%, 18%, 33%, 19% and remaining 1% are attributed to ischemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute lower respiratory infection and lung cancer respectively. If the region achieves the Indian (WHO) air quality standard, 1900 (3800) premature deaths can be avoided every year. © 2017
Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018
(Nature Research, 2021) Damaris Kinyoki; Aaron E. Osgood-Zimmerman; Natalia V. Bhattacharjee; Lauren E. Schaeffer; Alice Lazzar-Atwood; Dan Lu; Samuel B. Ewald; Katie M. Donkers; Ian D. Letourneau; Michael Collison; Megan F. Schipp; Amanuel Abajobir; Sima Abbasi; Nooshin Abbasi; Mitra Abbasifard; Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari; Hedayat Abbastabar; Foad Abd-Allah; Ahmed Abdelalim; Sherief M. Abd-Elsalam; Amir Abdoli; Ibrahim Abdollahpour; Aidin Abedi; Hassan Abolhassani; Biju Abraham; Lucas Guimarães Abreu; Michael R. M. Abrigo; Ahmed Abualhasan; Eman Abu-Gharbieh; Abdelrahman I. Abushouk; Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi; Maryam Adabi; Oladimeji M. Adebayo; Adeyinka Emmanuel Adegbosin; Victor Adekanmbi; Olatunji O. Adetokunboh; Daniel Adedayo Adeyinka; Davoud Adham; Shailesh M. Advani; Pradyumna Agasthi; Mohammad Aghaali; Sohail Ahmad; Tauseef Ahmad; Keivan Ahmadi; Sepideh Ahmadi; Muktar Beshir Ahmed; Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour; Budi Aji; Oluwaseun Oladapo Akinyemi; Addis Aklilu; Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna; Ziyad Al-Aly; Turki M. Alanzi; Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal; Biresaw Wassihun Alemu; Ayinalem Alemu; Robert Kaba Alhassan; Sheikh Mohammad Alif; Vahid Alipour; Hesam Alizade; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; Amir Almasi-Hashiani; Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi; Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Saeed Amini; Fatemeh Amiri; Dickson A. Amugsi; Nahla Hamed Anber; Robert Ancuceanu; Tudorel Andrei; Masresha Tessema Anegago; Mina Anjomshoa; Fereshteh Ansari; Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam; Zelalem Alamrew Anteneh; Ernoiz Antriyandarti; Davood Anvari; Razique Anwer; Muhammad Aqeel; Jalal Arabloo; Morteza Arab-Zozani; Olatunde Aremu; Habtamu Abera Areri; Al Artaman; Afsaneh Arzani; Malke Asaad; Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi; Ali A. Asadi-Pooya; Mulusew A. Asemahagn; Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi; Mengistu M. Ashebir; Zerihun Ataro; Seyyede Masoume Athari; Seyyed Shamsadin Athari; Maha Moh’d Wahbi Atout; Marcel Ausloos; Nefsu Awoke; Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla; Getinet Ayano; Martin Amogre Ayanore; Yared Asmare Aynalem; Muluken Altaye Ayza; Abbas Azadmehr; Darshan B; Tesleem Kayode Babalola; Alaa Badawi; Ashish D. Badiye; Mohammad Amin Bahrami; Mohan Bairwa; Shankar M. Bakkannavar; Palash Chandra Banik; Adhanom Gebreegziabher Baraki; Miguel A. Barboza; Huda Basaleem; Sanjay Basu; Mohsen Bayati; Bayisa Abdissa Baye; Gholamreza Bazmandegan; Neeraj Bedi; Tariku Tesfaye Tesfaye Bekuma; Michelle L. Bell; Isabela M. Bensenor; Kidanemaryam Berhe; Abadi Kidanemariam Berhe; Kidanemariam Alem Berhie; Dinesh Bhandari; Nikha Bhardwaj; Pankaj Bhardwaj; Krittika Bhattacharyya; Suraj Bhattarai; Zulfiqar A. Bhutta; Ali Bijani; Boris Bikbov; Antonio Biondi; Minyichil Birhanu; Raaj Kishore Biswas; Moses John Bockarie; Somayeh Bohlouli; Mahdi Bohluli; Archith Boloor; Shiva Borzouei; Nicola Luigi Bragazzi; Dejana Braithwaite; Andre R. Brunoni; Sharath Burugina Nagaraja; Zahid A. Butt; Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos; Luis Alberto Cámera; Josip Car; Rosario Cárdenas; Felix Carvalho; Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia; Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela; Franz Castro; Muge Cevik; Wagaye Fentahun Chanie; Jaykaran Charan; Souranshu Chatterjee; Vijay Kumar Chattu; Sarika Chaturvedi; Simiao Chen; Ken Lee Chin; Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury; Aubrey J. Cook; Vera Marisa Costa; Elizabeth A. Cromwell; Berihun Assefa Dachew; Henok Dagne; Baye Dagnew; Tukur Dahiru; Saad M. A. Dahlawi; Haijiang Dai; Hancheng Dai; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Parnaz Daneshpajouhnejad; Farah Daoud; Jai K. Das; Rajat Das Gupta; Aditya Prasad Dash; Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes; Kairat Davletov; Farah Deeba; Jan-Walter De Neve; Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez; Kebede Deribe; Assefa Desalew; Getenet Ayalew Dessie; Sagnik Dey; Meghnath Dhimal; Govinda Prasad Dhungana; Mostafa Dianatinasab; Daniel Diaz; Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu; Shirin Djalalinia; Hoa Thi Do; Fariba Dorostkar; Leila Doshmangir; Bereket Duko; Andre Rodrigues Duraes; Lucas Earl; Hisham Atan Edinur; Ferry Efendi; Rajesh Elayedath; Teshome Bekele Elema; Hala Rashad Elhabashy; Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary; Iman El Sayed; Maysaa El Sayed Zaki; Aisha Elsharkawy; Yasser Mohamed El-Sherbiny; Maha El Tantawi; Daniel Adane Endalew; Babak Eshrati; Khalil Eskandari; Sharareh Eskandarieh; Ibtihal Fadhil; Emerito Jose A. Faraon; Mohammad Fareed; Pawan Sirwan Faris; Medhat Farwati; Farshad Farzadfar; Abidemi Omolara Fasanmi; Nazir Fattahi; Nelsensius Klau Fauk; Valery L. Feigin; Berhanu Elfu Feleke; Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad; Eduarda Fernandes; Pietro Ferrara; Nataliya A. Foigt; Artem Alekseevich Fomenkov; Masoud Foroutan; Joel Msafiri Francis; Richard Charles Franklin; Marisa Freitas; Takeshi Fukumoto; Mohamed M. Gad; Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane; Reta Tsegaye Gayesa; Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam; Birhan Gebresillassie Gebregiorgis; Hadush Gebremariam; Tesfay B. B. Gebremariam; Leake Gebremeskel; Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel; Assefa Ayalew Gebreslassie; Yilma Chisha Dea Geramo; Hailay Abrha Gesesew; Bradford D. Gessner; Lemma Getacher; Keyghobad Ghadiri; Fatemeh Ghaffarifar; Mansour Ghafourifard; Mahsa Ghajarzadeh; Farhad Ghamari; Ahmad Ghashghaee; Nermin Ghith; Syed Amir Gilani; Tiffany K. Gill; Myron Anthony Godinho; Philimon N. Gona; Ayman Grada; Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari; Nachiket Gudi; Davide Guido; Rashid Abdi Guled; Yuming Guo; Rachita Gupta; Rajeev Gupta; Arvin Haj-Mirzaian; Randah R. Hamadeh; Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso; Asif Hanif; Arief Hargono; Ahmed I. Hasaballah; Md Mehedi Hasan; Syed Shahzad Hasan; Maryam Hashemian; Abdiwahab Hashi; Shoaib Hassan; Amr Hassan; Soheil Hassanipour; Hadi Hassankhani; Khezar Hayat; Mohamed I. Hegazy; Reza Heidari-Soureshjani; Nathaniel J. Henry; Claudiu Herteliu; Fatemeh Heydarpour; Sousan Heydarpour; Hagos Degefa de Hidru; Chi Linh Hoang; Ramesh Holla; Julia Hon; Sung Hwi Hong; Praveen Hoogar; Seyyed Nasrollah Hosseini; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Mihaela Hostiuc; Sorin Hostiuc; Peter J. Hotez; Mowafa Househ; Tanvir M. Huda; Dawit Hoyiso Huluko Huluko; Syed Ather Hussain; Bing-Fang Hwang; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Irena M. Ilic; Milena D. Ilic; Leeberk Raja Inbaraj; Usman Iqbal; M. Mofizul Islam; Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam; Chinwe Juliana Iwu; Chidozie C. D. Iwu; Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh; Mohammad Ali Jahani; Vardhmaan Jain; Mihajlo Jakovljevic; Amir Jalali; Farzad Jalilian; Manthan Dilipkumar Janodia; Tahereh Javaheri; Ravi Prakash Jha; Oommen John; Kimberly B. Johnson; Jost B. Jonas; Jitendra Jonnagaddala; Nitin Joseph; Ankur Joshi; Farahnaz Joukar; Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak; Ali Kabir; Zubair Kabir; Tanvir Kahlon; Leila R. Kalankesh; Rohollah Kalhor; Ashwin Kamath; Zahra Kamiab; Tanuj Kanchan; Umesh Kapil; Neeti Kapoor; Behzad Karami Matin; Salah Eddin Karimi; Ayele Semachew Kasa; Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun; Zemenu Yohannes Kassa; Gebrehiwot G. Kassa; Getinet Kassahun; Gbenga A. Kayode; Ali Kazemi Karyani; Tibebeselassie S. Keflie; Peter Njenga Keiyoro; Bayew Kelkay; Maryam Keramati; Daniel Bekele Ketema; Nauman Khalid; Mohammad Khammarnia; Md Nuruzzaman Khan; Maseer Khan; Junaid Khan; Khaled Khatab; Amir M. Khater; Mona M. Khater; Abdullah T. Khoja; Jagdish Khubchandani; Neda Kianipour; Young-Eun Kim; Yun Jin Kim; Ruth W. Kimokoti; Sezer Kisa; Adnan Kisa; Tufa Kolola; Ali Koolivand; Soewarta Kosen; Parvaiz A. Koul; Ai Koyanagi; Kewal Krishan; Vijay Krishnamoorthy; Barthelemy Kuate Defo; Nuworza Kugbey; Vaman Kulkarni; G. Anil Kumar; Nithin Kumar; Pushpendra Kumar; Manasi Kumar; Om P. Kurmi; Dian Kusuma; Ben Lacey; Deepesh P. Lad; Dharmesh Kumar Lal; Faris Hasan Lami; Iván Landires; Anders O. Larsson; Savita Lasrado; Matthew B. Laurens; Carlo La Vecchia; Avula Laxmaiah; Paul H. Lee; Shaun Wen Huey Lee; Kate E. LeGrand; Sonia Lewycka; Bingyu Li; Shanshan Li; Xuefeng Liu; Jaifred Christian F. Lopez; Daiane Borges Machado; Shilpashree Madhava Kunjathur; Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek; Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek; D.R. Mahadeshwara Prasad; Phetole Walter Mahasha; Mina Maheri; Narayan B. Mahotra; Azeem Majeed; Venkatesh Maled; Shokofeh Maleki; Reza Malekzadeh; Deborah Carvalho Malta; Abdullah A. Mamun; Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei; Borhan Mansouri; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Md Dilshad Dilshad Manzar; Carlos Alberto Marrugo Arnedo; Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo; Anthony Masaka; Pallab K. Maulik; Benjamin K. Mayala; Medhin Mehari; Man Mohan Mehndiratta; Entezar Mehrabi Nasab; Fereshteh Mehri; Kala M. Mehta; Wahengbam Bigyananda Meitei; Teferi Mekonnen; Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles; Mulugeta Melku; Walter Mendoza; Ritesh G. Menezes; Meresa Berwo Mengesha; Endalkachew Worku Mengesha; Tuomo J. Meretoja; Abera M. Mersha; Workua Mekonnen Metekiya; Tomasz Miazgowski; Irmina Maria Michalek; G.K. Mini; Shabir Ahmad Mir; Andreea Mirica; Erkin M. Mirrakhimov; Hamed Mirzaei; Maryam Mirzaei; Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh; Sanjeev Misra; Babak Moazen; Masoud Moghadaszadeh; Yousef Mohammad; Dara K. Mohammad; Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji; Seyyede Momeneh Mohammadi; Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani; Reza Mohammadpourhodki; Hayat Maeruf Mohammed; Salahuddin Mohammed; Ammas Siraj Mohammed; Shafiu Mohammed; Jemal Abdu Mohammed; Mohammad A. Mohseni Bandpei; Ali H. Mokdad; Alex Molassiotis; Lorenzo Monasta; Masoud Moradi; Maziar Moradi-Lakeh; Rahmatollah Moradzadeh; Paula Moraga; Abbas Mosapour; Simin Mouodi; Seyyed Meysam Mousavi; Amin Mousavi Khaneghah; Getaneh Baye B. Mulu; Mehnaz Munir; Moses K. Muriithi; G.V.S. Murthy; Ghulam Mustafa; Ashraf F. Nabhan; Mehdi Naderi; Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan; Shankar Prasad Nagaraju; Mohsen Naghavi; Gurudatta Naik; Mukhammad David Naimzada; Vinay Nangia; Jobert Richie Nansseu; Atta Abbas Naqvi; Bruno Ramos Nascimento; Smitha Nayak; Vinod C. Nayak; Javad Nazari; Rawlance Ndejjo; Ionut Negoi; Ruxandra Irina Negoi; Henok Biresaw Netsere; Georges Nguefack-Tsague; Josephine W. Ngunjiri; Cuong Tat Nguyen; Diep Ngoc Nguyen; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen; Yeshambel T. Nigatu; Rajan Nikbakhsh; Amin Reza Nikpoor; Chukwudi A. Nnaji; Vuong Minh Nong; Jean Jacques Noubiap; Virginia Nunez-Samudio; Vincent Ebuka Nwatah; Tafadzwa Nyanhanda; Bogdan Oancea; Felix Akpojene Ogbo; Onome Bright Oghenetega; In-Hwan Oh; Daniel Micheal Okello; Morteza Oladnabi; Andrew T. Olagunju; Jacob Olusegun Olusanya; Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya; Ahmed Omar Bali; Muktar Omer Omer; Abidemi E. Emmanuel Omonisi; Obinna E. Onwujekwe; Alberto Ortiz; Eduardo Ortiz-Panozo; Nikita Otstavnov; Stanislav S. Otstavnov; Mayowa O. Owolabi; P.A. Mahesh; Jagadish Rao Padubidri; Abhijit P. Pakhare; Keyvan Pakshir; Adrian Pana; Songhomitra Panda-Jonas; Anamika Pandey; Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal; Helena Ullyartha Pangaribuan; Deepak Kumar Pasupula; Sangram Kishor Patel; Urvish K. Patel; Ashish Pathak; George C. Patton; Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi; Jeevan Pereira; Julia Moreira Pescarini; Hai Quang Pham; Brandon V. Pickering; Saeed Pirouzpanah; Meghdad Pirsaheb; Khem Narayan Pokhrel; Maarten J. Postma; Faheem Hyder Pottoo; Hadis Pourchamani; Hadi Pourjafar; Hossein Poustchi; Sergio I. Prada; Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi; Zahiruddin Quazi Syed; Navid Rabiee; Ata Rafiee; Fakher Rahim; Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman; Muhammad Aziz Rahman; Amir Masoud Rahmani; Rajesh Kumar Rai; Aashish Rajesh; Pradhum Ram; Kiana Ramezanzadeh; Chhabi Lal Ranabhat; Sowmya J. Rao; Satish Rao; Prateek Rastogi; Priya Rathi; Lal Rawal; Wasiq Faraz Rawasia; Reza Rawassizadeh; Lemma Demissie Regassa; Robert C. Reiner; Bhageerathy Reshmi; Nima Rezaei; Omid Rezahosseini; Aziz Rezapour; Seyed Mohammad Riahi; Daniela Ribeiro; Ana Isabel Ribeiro; Jennifer Rickard; Hirbo Shore Roba; Leonardo Roever; Luca Ronfani; Morteza Rostamian; Susan Fred Rumisha; Godfrey M. Rwegerera; Siamak Sabour; Ehsan Sadeghi; Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam; Rajesh Sagar; Amirhossein Sahebkar; Mohammad Ali Sahraian; S. Mohammad Sajadi; Nasir Salam; Marwa Rashad Salem; Hossein Samadi Kafil; Itamar S. Santos; Milena M. Santric-Milicevic; Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy; Nizal Sarrafzadegan; Benn Sartorius; Arash Sarveazad; Brijesh Sathian; Thirunavukkarasu Sathish; Deepak Saxena; Alyssa N. Sbarra; David C. Schwebel; Anbissa Muleta Senbeta; Debarka Sengupta; Subramanian Senthilkumaran; Sadaf G. Sepanlou; Allen Seylani; Feng Sha; Omid Shafaat; Saeed Shahabi; Mohammad Shahbaz; Izza Shahid; Masood Ali Shaikh; Mohammed Feyisso Shaka; Ali S. Shalash; Mahdi Shamali; Mehran Shams-Beyranvand; MohammadBagher Shamsi; Morteza Shamsizadeh; Mohammed Shannawaz; Kiomars Sharafi; Amrollah Sharifi; Aziz Sheikh; Abbas Sheikhtaheri; Ranjitha S. Shetty; B. Suresh Kumar Shetty; Adithi Shetty; Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw; Mika Shigematsu; Jae Il Shin; Rahman Shiri; Reza Shirkoohi; Velizar Shivarov; Soraya Siabani; Sudeep K. Siddappa Malleshappa; Tariq Jamal Siddiqi; Negussie Boti Sidemo; Balbir Bagicha Singh; Surya Singh; Yitagesu Sintayehu; Valentin Yurievich Skryabin; Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina; Mohammad Reza Sobhiyeh; Amin Soheili; Shahin Soltani; Muluken Bekele Sorrie; Emma Elizabeth Spurlock; Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy; Agus Sudaryanto; Mu’awiyyah Babale Sufiyan; Iyad Sultan; Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos; Takahiro Tabuchi; Biruk Wogayehu Taddele; Eyayou Girma Tadesse; Amir Taherkhani; Zemenu Tamir; Animut Tagele Tamiru; Md Ismail Tareque; Abdelghani Tbakhi; Hirut Teame; Yonas Getaye Tefera; Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi; Yohannes Tekalegn; Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle; Berhane Fseha Teklehaimanot; Mohamad-Hani Temsah; Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema; Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan; Nihal Thomas; Takele Tiki; Asres Bedaso Tilahune; Mariya Vladimirovna Titova; Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone; Khanh Bao Tran; Bach Xuan Tran; Rajnish Tripathi; Jaya Prasad Tripathy; Phuong N. Truong; Riaz Uddin; Anayat Ullah; Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo; Chigozie Jesse Uneke; Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan; Era Upadhyay; Muhammad Shariq Usman; Marco Vacante; Alireza Vakilian; Sahel Valadan Tahbaz; Pascual R. Valdez; Yasser Vasseghian; Madhur Verma; Francesco S. Violante; Bay Vo; Yohannes Dibaba Wado; Yasir Waheed; Yafeng Wang; Yuan-Pang Wang; Kinley Wangdi; Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel; Andrea Werdecker; Taweewat Wiangkham; Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe; Charles Shey Wiysonge; Tewodros Eshete Wonde; Ai-Min Wu; Chenkai Wu; Yang Xie; Ali Yadollahpour; Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari; Tomohide Yamada; Mingyou Yang; Sanni Yaya; Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi; Tomas Y. Yeheyis; Alex Yeshaneh; Yigizie Yeshaw; Yordanos Gizachew Yeshitila; Mekdes Tigistu Yilma; Paul Yip; Melissa F. Young; Zabihollah Yousefi; Taraneh Yousefinezhadi; Hebat-Allah Salah A. Yousof; Abdilahi Yousuf Yousuf; Chuanhua Yu; Yong Yu; Shamsa Zafar; Syed Saoud Zaidi; Zoubida Zaidi; Josefina Zakzuk; Sojib Bin Zaman; Mohammad Zamani; Maryam Zamanian; Alireza Zandifar; Alireza Zangeneh; Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin; Anasthasia Zastrozhina; Dejene Tesfaye Zewdie; Kaleab Alemayehu Zewdie; Yunquan Zhang; Cong Zhu; Arash Ziapour; Nicholas J. Kassebaum; Simon I. Hay
Anemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000–2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15–49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations. © 2021, The Author(s).
Author Correction: Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017 (Nature Medicine, (2020), 26, 5, (750-759), 10.1038/s41591-020-0807-6)
(Nature Research, 2020) Damaris K. Kinyoki; Jennifer M. Ross; Alice Lazzar-Atwood; Sandra B. Munro; Lauren E. Schaeffer; Mahdieh Abbasalizad-Farhangi; Masoumeh Abbasi; Hedayat Abbastabar; Ahmed Abdelalim; Amir Abdoli; Mohammad Abdollahi; Ibrahim Abdollahpour; Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader; Nebiyu Dereje Abebe; Teshome Abuka Abebo; Kedir Hussein Abegaz; Hassan Abolhassani; Lucas Guimarães Abreu; Michael R. M. Abrigo; Abdelrahman I. Abushouk; Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi; Dilaram Acharya; Maryam Adabi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi; Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji; Victor Adekanmbi; Abiodun Moshood Adeoye; Olatunji O. Adetokunboh; Davoud Adham; Posi Emmanuel Aduroja; Shailesh M. Advani; Mohsen Afarideh; Mohammad Aghaali; Anurag Agrawal; Tauseef Ahmad; Keivan Ahmadi; Sepideh Ahmadi; Muktar Beshir Ahmed; Rushdia Ahmed; Olufemi Ajumobi; Chalachew Genet Akal; Temesgen Yihunie Akalu; Tomi Akinyemiju; Blessing Akombi; Ziyad Al-Aly; Samiah Alam; Genet Melak Alamene; Turki M. Alanzi; Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde Rabanal; Niguse Meles Alema; Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali; Muhammad Ali; Mehran Alijanzadeh; Cyrus Alinia; Vahid Alipour; Hesam Alizade; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; Afshin Almasi; Amir Almasi-Hashiani; Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi; Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi; Khalid Altirkawi; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk; Azmeraw T. Amare; Adeladza Kofi Amegah; Saeed Amini; Mostafa Amini Rarani; Fatemeh Amiri; Arianna Maever Loreche Amit; Nahla Hamed Anber; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Fereshteh Ansari; Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam; Zelalem Alamrew Anteneh; Carl Abelardo T. Antonio; Ernoiz Antriyandarti; Davood Anvari; Razique Anwer; Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah; Jalal Arabloo; Morteza Arab-Zozani; Ephrem Mebrahtu Araya; Zohreh Arefi; Olatunde Aremu; Johan Ärnlöv; Afsaneh Arzani; Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi; Ali A. Asadi-Pooya; Samaneh Asgari; Babak Asghari; Alebachew Fasil Ashagre; Anemaw A. Asrat; Bahar Ataeinia; Hagos Tasew Atalay; Desta Debalkie Atnafu; Maha Moh’d Wahbi Atout; Marcel Ausloos; Euripide F. G. A. Avokpaho; Ashish Awasthi; Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla; Martin Amogre Ayanore; Yared A. Asmare Aynalem; Abbas Azadmehr; Samad Azari; Ghasem Azarian; Zelalem Nigussie Azene; Ebrahim Babaee; Alaa Badawi; Ashish D. Badiye; Mohamad Amin Bahrami; Atif Amin A. Baig; Ahad Bakhtiari; Shankar M. Bakkannavar; Senthilkumar Balakrishnan; Ayele Geleto Bali; Maciej Banach; Palash Chandra Banik; Zahra Baradaran-Seyed; Adhanom Gebreegziabher Baraki; Miguel A. Barboza; Till Winfried Bärnighausen; Lingkan Barua; Huda Basaleem; Sanjay Basu; Mohsen Bayati; Mulat Tirfie Bayih; Habtamu Wondifraw Baynes; Neeraj Bedi; Masoud Behzadifar; Meysam Behzadifar; Yibeltal Alemu Bekele; Derrick A. Bennett; Dessalegn Ajema Berbada; Kidanemaryam Berhe; Abadi Kidanemariam Berhe; Adam E. Berman; Robert S. Bernstein; Reshmi Bhageerathy; Dinesh Bhandari; Pankaj Bharadwaj; Natalia V. Bhattacharjee; Krittika Bhattacharyya; Ali Bijani; Boris Bikbov; Ver Bilano; Nigus Bililign; Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed; Setognal Birara; Minuye Biniam Biniam Birhane; Minyichil Birhanu; Raaj Kishore Biswas; Zebenay Workneh Bitew; Kassawmar Angaw Bogale; Somayeh Bohlouli; Srinivasa Rao Bolla; Archith Boloor; Antonio M. Borzì; Shiva Borzouei; Oliver J. Brady; Nicola Luigi Bragazzi; Dejana Braithwaite; Nikolay Ivanovich Briko; Gabrielle Britton; Shyam S. Budhathoki; Sharath Burugina Nagaraja; Reinhard Busse; Zahid A. Butt; Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado; Luis Alberto Cámera; Ismael R. Campos-Nonato; Jorge Cano; Josip Car; Rosario Cárdenas; Juan J. Carrero; Félix Carvalho; João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia; Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela; Franz Castro; Ester Cerin; Collins Chansa; Jaykaran Charan; Pranab Chatterjee; Vijay Kumar Chattu; Bal Govind Chauhan; Ali Reza Chavshin; Mohammad Chehrazi; Tesfaye Yitna Chichiabellu; Ken Lee Chin; Devasahayam J. Christopher; Dinh-Toi Chu; Flavia M. Cicuttini; Michael L. Collison; Michael A. Cork; Natalie Cormier; Paolo Angelo Cortesi; Vera M. Costa; Abel Fekadu Fekadu Dadi; Baye Dagnew; Saad M. A. Dahlawi; Giovanni Damiani; Amira Hamed Darwish; Ahmad Daryani; Jai K. Das; Rajat Das Gupta; Claudio Dávila-Cervantes; Nicole Davis Weaver; Diego De Leo; Jan-Walter De Neve; Feleke Mekonnen Demeke; Asmamaw Bizuneh Demis; Dereje Bayissa Demissie; Gebre Teklemariam Demoz; Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez; Kebede Deribe; Rupak Desai; Beruk Berhanu Desalegn; Assefa Desalew; Aniruddha Deshpande; Sagnik Dey; Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne; Preeti Dhillon; Meghnath Dhimal; Govinda Prasad Dhungana; Mostafa Dianati Nasab; Daniel Diaz; Zahra Sadat Dibaji Forooshani; Girmaye Deye Dinsa; Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu; Shirin Djalalinia; Hoa Thi Do; Huyen Phuc Do; Paul Narh Doku; Fariba Dorostkar; Leila Doshmangir; Manisha Dubey; Bereket Duko Adema; Susanna J. Dunachie; Bruce B. Duncan; Ewerton Cousin; Andre R. Durães; Lucas Earl; Hamed Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo; Aziz Eftekhari; Iman El Sayed; Maysaa El Sayed Zaki; Maha El Tantawi; Iffat Elbarazi; Demelash Abewa Elemineh; Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary; Ziad El-Khatib; Aisha Elsharkawy; Yasser Mohamed El-Sherbiny; Iqbal R. F. Elyazar; Mohammad Hassan Emamian; Shymaa Enany; Daniel Adane Endalew; Melese Linger Endalifer; Khalil Eskandari; Sharareh Eskandarieh; Saman Esmaeilnejad; Alireza Esteghamati; Arash Etemadi; Atkilt Esaiyas Etisso; Jessica Fanzo; Mohammad Farahmand; Anwar Faraj; Sajjad Farashi; Mohammad Fareed; Andrea Farioli; Andre Faro; Farshad Farzadfar; Hossein Farzam; Syeda Sadia Fatima; Nazir Fattahi; Nelsensius Klau Fauk; Ali Akbar Fazaeli; Netsanet Fentahun; Tomas Y. Ferede; Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad; Eduarda Fernandes; João C. Fernandes; Garumma Tolu Feyissa; Irina Filip; Florian Fischer; Carsten Flohr; Nataliya A. Foigt; Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan; Artem Alekseevich Fomenkov; Masoud Foroutan; Jana Förster; Joel Msafiri Francis; Takeshi Fukumoto; Reta Tsegaye Gayesa; Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam; Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot; Hadush Gebremariam; Kidane Tadesse Gebremariam; Ketema Bizuwork Bizuwork Gebremedhin; Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel; Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Gebreslassie; Gebretsadkan G. G. Gebretsadik; Getnet Azeze Gedefaw; Yilma Chisha Dea Geramo; Hailay Abrha Gesesew; Birhanu Geta; Agegnehu Bante Getenet; Kebede Embaye Gezae; Fatemeh Ghaffarifar; Mansour Ghafourifard; Alireza Ghajar; Mahsa Ghajarzadeh; Ahmad Ghashghaee; Hesam Ghiasvand; Asadollah Gholamian; Syed Amir Gilani; Tiffany K. Gill; Ibrahim Abdelmageed Ginawi; Srinivas Goli; Nelson G. M. Gomes; Sameer Vali Gopalani; Houman Goudarzi; Alessandra C. Goulart; Arunkumar Govindakarnavar; Ayman Grada; Michal Grivna; Rafael Alves Guimarães; Rashid Abdi Guled; Yuming Guo; Rahul Gupta; Rajeev Gupta; Nima Hafezi-Nejad; Michael Tamene Haile; Arvin Haj-Mirzaian; Arya Haj-Mirzaian; Brian J. Hall; Iman Halvaei; Randah R. Hamadeh; Yadollah Hamidi; Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso; Graeme J. Hankey; Hamidreza Haririan; Ninuk Hariyani; Ahmed I. Hasaballah; Md. Mehedi Hasan; Milad Hasankhani; Edris Hasanpoor; Amir Hasanzadeh; Maryam Hashemian; Soheil Hassanipour; Hamid Yimam Hassen; Rasmus Havmoeller; Corinna Hawkes; Khezar Hayat; Desta Haftu Hayelom; Behnam Heidari; Reza Heidari-Soureshjani; Delia Hendrie; Andualem Henok; Nathaniel J. Henry; Mario Herrero; Claudiu Herteliu; Fatemeh Heydarpour; Hagos D. de Hidru; Chi Linh Hoang; Hans W. Hoek; Michael K. Hole; Ramesh Holla; Gillian Hollerich; Enayatollah Homaie Rad; Sung Hwi Hong; Praveen Hoogar; Masako Horino; Naznin Hossain; Mostafa Hosseini; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Mihaela Hostiuc; Sorin Hostiuc; Mowafa Househ; Mohamed Hsairi; Guoqing Hu; Tanvir M. Huda; Ayesha Humayun; Bing-Fang Hwang; Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Milena D. Ilic; Mohammad Hasan Imani-Nasab; Leeberk Raja Inbaraj; Usman Iqbal; Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani; Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam; Chidozie C. D. Iwu; Chinwe Juliana Iwu; Neda Izadi; Jalil Jaafari; Anelisa Jaca; Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh; Nader Jafari Balalami; Morteza Jafarinia; Mohammad Ali Jahani; Mihajlo Jakovljevic; Amir Jalali; Farzad Jalilian; Achala Upendra Jayatilleke; Panniyammakal Jeemon; Fyezah Jehan; Ensiyeh Jenabi; Ravi Prakash Jha; Vivekanand Jha; John S. Ji; Peng Jia; Oommen John; Yetunde O. John-Akinola; Kimberly B. Johnson; Jost B. Jonas; Nitin Joseph; Farahnaz Joukar; Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak; Suresh Banayya Jungari; Mikk Jürisson; Ali Kabir; Zubair Kabir; Amaha Kahsay; Molla Kahssay; Hamed Kalani; Leila L. Kalankesh; Rohollah Kalhor; Zahra Kamiab; Tanuj Kanchan; Umesh Kapil; Neeti Kapoor; Manoochehr Karami; Behzad Karami Matin; André Karch; Mohd A. Karim; Surendra Karki; Amir Kasaeian; Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun; Habtamu Kebebe Kasaye; Tesfaye Dessale Kassa; Hagazi Gebremedhin Kassaye; Nicholas J. Kassebaum; Ali Kazemi Karyani; Andre Pascal Kengne; Daniel Bekele Ketema; Yousef Saleh Khader; Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie; Mojtaba Khaksarian; Nauman Khalid; Ibrahim A. Khalil; Rovshan Khalilov; Asad Khan; Ejaz Ahmad Khan; Md Nuruzzaman Khan; Mohammad Saud Khan; Muhammad Shahzeb Khan; Khaled Khatab; Amir Khater; Mona M. Khater; Mahalqua Nazli Khatib; Maryam Khayamzadeh; Maryam Khazaei-Pool; Mohammad Khazaei; Salman Khazaei; Mohammad Taghi Khodayari; Mohammad Hossein Khosravi; Roba Khundkar; Ali Kiadaliri; Neda Kianipour; Daniel N. Kiirithio; Yun Jin Kim; Ruth W. Kimokoti; Adnan Kisa; Sezer Kisa; Tufa Kolola; Hamidreza Komaki; Shivakumar K. M. Kondlahalli; Ali Koolivand; Parvaiz A. Koul; Ai Koyanagi; Moritz U. G. Kraemer; Kewal Krishan; Kris J. Krohn; Nuworza Kugbey; Manasi Kumar; Pushpendra Kumar; Vivek Kumar; Om P. Kurmi; Oluwatosin Kuti; Carlo La Vecchia; Ben Lacey; Deepesh P. Lad; Aparna Lal; Dharmesh Kumar Lal; Faris Hasan Lami; Prabhat Lamichhane; Justin J. Lang; Van C. Lansingh; Savita Lasrado; Georgy Lebedev; Paul H. Lee; Shaun Wen Huey Lee; Mostafa Leili; Ian D. Letourneau; Sonia Lewycka; Shanshan Li; Lee-Ling Lim; Shai Linn; Shiwei Liu; Simin Liu; Rakesh Lodha; Joshua Longbottom; Jaifred Christian F. Lopez; Stefan Lorkowski; Erlyn Rachelle King Macarayan; Mohammed Madadin; Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek; Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek; Dhaval P. Maghavani; Phetole Walter Mahasha; Narayan Bahadur Mahotra; Venkatesh Maled; Afshin Maleki; Shokofeh Maleki; Deborah Carvalho Malta; Ali Manafi; Farzad Manafi; Navid Manafi; Narendar Dawanu Manohar; Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei; Borhan Mansouri; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Chabila Christopher Mapoma; Dadi Marami; Laurie B. Marczak; Carlos Alberto Marrugo Arnedo; Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo; Anthony Masaka; Benjamin Ballard Massenburg; Pallab K. Maulik; Benjamin K. Mayala; Mohsen Mazidi; Man Mohan Mehndiratta; Freshteh Mehri; Kala M. Mehta; Wahengbam Bigyananda Meitei; Fantahun Ayenew Mekonnen; Teferi Mekonnen; Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles; Hagazi Gebre Meles; Addisu Melese; Walter Mendoza; Ritesh G. Menezes; Meresa Berwo Mengesha; George A. Mensah; Tuomo J. Meretoja; Tomasz Miazgowski; Neda Milevska Kostova; Ted R. Miller; Edward J. Mills; G.K. Mini; Seyed Mostafa Mir; Mohammad Miri; Hamed Mirjalali; Erkin M. Mirrakhimov; Hamed Mirzaei; Maryam Mirzaei; Roya Mirzaei; Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh; Prasanna Mithra; Babak Moazen; Efat Mohamadi; Amjad Mohamadi-Bolbanabad; Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad; Yousef Mohammad; Dara K. Mohammad; Aso Mohammad Darwesh; Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji; Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani; Mousa Mohammadnia-Afrouzi; Milad Mohammadoo-Khorasani; Reza Mohammadpourhodki; Salahuddin Mohammed; Shafiu Mohammed; Jemal Abdu Mohammed; Ammas Siraj Mohammed; Farnam Mohebi; Amin Mokari; Ali H. Mokdad; Julio Cesar Montañez; Pablo A. Montero-Zamora; Yoshan Moodley; Maryam Moossavi; Ghobad Moradi; Masoud Moradi; Yousef Moradi; Mohammad Moradi-Joo; Maziar Moradi-Lakeh; Farhad Moradpour; Rahmatollah Moradzadeh; Paula Moraga; Shane Douglas Morrison; Abbas Mosapour; Jonathan F. Mosser; Simin Mouodi; Amin Mousavi Khaneghah; Dariush Mozaffarian; Ulrich Otto Mueller; Christopher J. L. Murray; G.V.S. Murthy; Kamarul Imran Musa; Ghulam Mustafa; Saravanan Muthupandian; Behnam Nabavizadeh; Mehdi Naderi; Girish N. Nadkarni; Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan; Mohsen Naghavi; Aliya Naheed; Gurudatta Naik; Farid Najafi; Jobert Richie Nansseu; K. M. Venkat Narayan; Bruno Ramos Nascimento; Vinod Nayak; Javad Nazari; Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe; Ionut Negoi; Ruxandra Irina Negoi; Josephine W. Ngunjiri; Cuong Tat Nguyen; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen; Dabere Nigatu; Yeshambel T. Nigatu; Rajan Nikbakhsh; Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum; Chukwudi A. Nnaji; Vuong Minh Nong; Jean Jacques Noubiap; Christoph Nowak; Bogdan Oancea; Richard Ofori-Asenso; Onome Bright Oghenetega; In-Hwan Oh; Olanrewaju Oladimeji; Morteza Oladnabi; Andrew T. Olagunju; Tinuke O. Olagunju; Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya; Jacob Olusegun Olusanya; Mojisola Morenike Oluwasanu; Muktar Omer Omer; Obinna E. Onwujekwe; Kwaku Oppong Asante; Eyal Oren; Orish Ebere Orisakwe; Alberto Ortiz; Osayomwanbo Osarenotor; Aaron E. Osgood-Zimmerman; Mayowa Ojo Owolabi; Mahesh P. A; Jagadish Rao Padubidri; Keyvan Pakshir; Adrian Pana; Songhomitra Panda-Jonas; Hadi Parsian; Tahereh Pashaei; Deepak Kumar Pasupula; Sangram Kishor Patel; Ashish Pathak; Mona Pathak; Sanghamitra Pati; Ajay Patle; George C. Patton; Kebreab Paulos; Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi; Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito; Norberto Perico; William A. Petri; Brandon V. Pickering; David M. Pigott; Majid Pirestani; Bakhtiar Piroozi; Meghdad Pirsaheb; Khem Narayan Pokhrel; Maarten J. Postma; Hadi Pourjafar; Farshad Pourmalek; Reza Pourmirza Kalhori; Akram Pourshams; Hossein Poustchi; Sergio I. Prada; Liliana Preotescu; Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi; Zahiruddin Quazi Syed; Mohammad Rabiee; Navid Rabiee; Amir Radfar; Alireza Rafiei; Fakher Rahim; Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar; Muhammad Aziz Rahman; Sajjad ur Rahman; Rajesh Kumar Rai; Ali Rajabpour-Sanati; Fatemeh Rajati; Kiana Ramezanzadeh; Saleem Muhammad Rana; Chhabi Lal Ranabhat; Sowmya J. Rao; Davide Rasella; Vahid Rashedi; Prateek Rastogi; Priya Rathi; Salman Rawaf; David Laith Rawaf; Lal Rawal; Sarah E. Ray; Giuseppe Remuzzi; Vishnu Renjith; Andre M. N. Renzaho; Serge Resnikoff; Nima Rezaei; Shahab Rezaeian; Mohammad Sadegh Rezai; Aziz Rezapour; Seyed Mohammad Riahi; Ana Isabel Ribeiro; Jennifer Rickard; Alina Rodriguez; Leonardo Roever; Elias Merdassa Roro; Gholamreza Roshandel; Ali Rostami; Enrico Rubagotti; Anas M. Saad; Seyedmohammad Saadatagah; Yogesh Damodar Sabde; Siamak Sabour; Ehsan Sadeghi; Masoumeh Sadeghi; Saeed Safari; Yahya Safari; Hamid Safarpour; Rajesh Sagar; Amirhossein Sahebkar; Mohammad Ali Sahraian; S. Mohammad Sajadi; Mohammad Reza Salahshoor; Nasir Salam; Farkhonde Salehi; Saleh Salehi Zahabi; Hosni Salem; Marwa R. Rashad Salem; Yahya Salimi; Hamideh Salimzadeh; Hossein Samadi Kafil; Evanson Zondani Sambala; Abdallah M. Samy; Itamar S. Santos; Bruno Piassi Sao Jose; Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy; Abdur Razzaque Sarker; Benn Sartorius; Arash Sarveazad; Brijesh Sathian; Maheswar Satpathy; Sonia Saxena; Mehdi Sayyah; Alyssa N. Sbarra; Megan F. Schipp; Maria Inês Schmidt; Aletta Elisabeth Schutte; David C. Schwebel; Anbissa Muleta Senbeta; Subramanian Senthilkumaran; Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi; Faramarz Shaahmadi; Omid Shafaat; Saeed Shahabi; Masood Ali Shaikh; Ali S. Shalash; Mehran Shams-Beyranvand; Amir Shamshirian; Morteza Shamsizadeh; Mohammed Shannawaz; Kiomars Sharafi; Mehdi Sharif; Rajesh Sharma; Hatem Samir Shehata; Abbas Sheikhtaheri; Kenji Shibuya; Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw; Mika Shigematsu; Jae Il Shin; Rahman Shiri; Reza Shirkoohi; Ivy Shiue; Kerem Shuval; Soraya Siabani; Tariq J. Siddiqi; Inga Dora Sigfusdottir; Diego Augusto Santos Silva; Biagio Simonetti; Ambrish Singh; Pushpendra Singh; Virendra Singh; Jasvinder A. Singh; Pankaj Kumar Singh; Dhirendra Narain Sinha; Yitagesu Sintayehu; Malede Mequanent M. Sisay; Amin Soheili; Bija Soleymani; Farzaneh Soltani; Shahin Soltani; Joan B. Soriano; Muluken Bekele Sorrie; Sergey Soshnikov; Ireneous N. Soyiri; Adel Spotin; Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy; Rajni Kant Kant Srivastava; Antonina Starodubova; Agus Sudaryanto; Mu’awiyyah Babale Sufiyan; Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria; Gerhard Sulo; Bruno F. Sunguya; Bryan L. Sykes; Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos; Takahiro Tabuchi; Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse; Amir Taherkhani; Koku Sisay Tamirat; Segen Gebremeskel Tassew; Nuno Taveira; Berhane Fseha Teklehaimanot; Gebretsadkan Hintsa Tekulu; Mohamad-Hani Temsah; Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi; Zemenu Tadesse Tessema; Nihal Thomas; Mariya Vladimirovna Titova; Kenean Getaneh Tlaye; Hamid Reza Tohidinik; Marcello Tonelli; Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone; Eugenio Traini; Khanh Bao Tran; Manjari Tripathi; Riaz Uddin; Irfan Ullah; Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan; Era Upadhyay; Ushotanefe Useh; Muhammad Shariq Usman; Olalekan A. Uthman; Marco Vacante; Masoud Vaezghasemi; Pascual R. Valdez; John VanderHeide; Elena Varavikova; Santosh Varughese; Tommi Juhani Vasankari; Yasser Vasseghian; Yousef Veisani; Srinivasaraghavan Venkatesh; Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian; Madhur Verma; Simone Vidale; Francesco S. Violante; Vasily Vlassov; Sebastian Vollmer; Rade Vukovic; Yasir Waheed; Haidong Wang; Yafeng Wang; Yuan-Pang Wang; Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel; Andrea Werdecker; Taweewat Wiangkham; Kirsten E. Wiens; Tissa Wijeratne; Haileab Fekadu Wolde; Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash; Tewodros Eshete Wonde; Adam Belay Wondmieneh; Ai-Min Wu; Gelin Xu; Abbas Yadegar; Ali Yadollahpour; Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari; Tomohide Yamada; Yuichiro Yano; Sanni Yaya; Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi; Alex Yeshaneh; Yigizie Yeshaw; Yordanos Gizachew Yeshitila; Mekdes Tigistu Yilma; Paul Yip; Naohiro Yonemoto; Seok-Jun Yoon; Yoosik Youm; Mustafa Z. Younis; Zabihollah Yousefi; Hebat-Allah Salah A. Yousof; Chuanhua Yu; Hasan Yusefzadeh; Telma Zahirian Moghadam; Leila Zaki; Sojib Bin Zaman; Mohammad Zamani; Maryam Zamanian; Hamed Zandian; Hadi Zarafshan; Nejimu Biza Zepro; Taddese Alemu Zerfu; Taye Abuhay Zewale; Yunquan Zhang; Zhi-Jiang Zhang; Xiu-Ju Zhao; Sanjay Zodpey; Kamiar Zomorodian; Francis Bruno Zotor; Ashkan Afshin; Simon I. Hay
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. © 2020, The Author(s).
Excess Mortality Risk Due to Heat Stress in Different Climatic Zones of India
(American Chemical Society, 2024) Rohit Kumar Choudhary; Pallavi Joshi; Santu Ghosh; Dilip Ganguly; Kalpana Balakrishnan; Nidhi Singh; Rajesh Kumar Mall; Alok Kumar; Sagnik Dey
India is at a high risk of heat stress-induced health impacts and economic losses owing to its tropical climate, high population density, and inadequate adaptive planning. The health impacts of heat stress across climate zones in India have not been adequately explored. Here, we examine and report the vulnerability to heat stress in India using 42 years (1979-2020) of meteorological data from ERA-5 and developed climate-zone-specific percentile-based human comfort class thresholds. We found that the heat stress is usually 1-4 °C higher on heatwave (HW) days than on nonheatwave (NHW) days. However, the stress on NHW days remains considerable and cannot be neglected. We then showed the association of a newly formulated India heat index (IHI) with daily all-cause mortality in three cities - Delhi (semiarid), Varanasi (humid subtropical), and Chennai (tropical wet and dry), using a semiparametric quasi-Poisson regression model, adjusted for nonlinear confounding effects of time and PM2.5. The all-cause mortality risk was enhanced by 8.1% (95% confidence interval, CI: 6.0-10.3), 5.9% (4.6-7.2), and 8.0% (1.7-14.2) during “sweltering” days in Varanasi, Delhi, and Chennai, respectively, relative to “comfortable” days. Across four age groups, the impact was more severe in Varanasi (ranging from a 3.2 to 7.5% increase in mortality risk for a unit rise in IHI) than in Delhi (2.6-4.2% higher risk) and Chennai (0.9-5.7% higher risk). We observed a 3-6 days lag effect of heat stress on mortality in these cities. Our results reveal heterogeneity in heat stress impact across diverse climate zones in India and call for developing an early warning system keeping in mind these regional variations. © 2023 American Chemical Society
Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Katherine R. Paulson; Aruna M. Kamath; Tahiya Alam; Kelly Bienhoff; Gdiom Gebreheat Abady; Jaffar Abbas; Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari; Hedayat Abbastabar; Foad Abd-Allah; Sherief M. Abd-Elsalam; Amir Abdoli; Aidin Abedi; Hassan Abolhassani; Lucas Guimarães Abreu; Eman Abu-Gharbieh; Niveen M. E. Abu-Rmeileh; Abdelrahman I. Abushouk; Aishatu L. Adamu; Oladimeji M. Adebayo; Adeyinka Emmanuel Adegbosin; Victor Adekanmbi; Olatunji O. Adetokunboh; Daniel Adedayo Adeyinka; Jose C. Adsuar; Khashayar Afshari; Mohammad Aghaali; Marcela Agudelo-Botero; Bright Opoku Ahinkorah; Tauseef Ahmad; Keivan Ahmadi; Muktar Beshir Ahmed; Budi Aji; Yonas Akalu; Oluwaseun Oladapo Akinyemi; Addis Aklilu; Ziyad Al-Aly; Khurshid Alam; Fahad Mashhour Alanezi; Turki M. Alanzi; Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal; Ayman Al-Eyadhy; Tilahun Ali; Gianfranco Alicandro; Sheikh Mohammad Alif; Vahid Alipour; Hesam Alizade; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; Amir Almasi-Hashiani; Nihad A. Almasri; Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi; Jordi Alonso; Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi; Khalid A. Altirkawi; Arwa Khalid Alumran; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk; Edward Kwabena Ameyaw; Saeed Amini; Mostafa Amini-Rarani; Arianna Maever L. Amit; Dickson A. Amugsi; Robert Ancuceanu; Deanna Anderlini; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Fereshteh Ansari; Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam; Carl Abelardo T. Antonio; Ernoiz Antriyandarti; Davood Anvari; Razique Anwer; Muhammad Aqeel; Jalal Arabloo; Morteza Arab-Zozani; Timur Aripov; Johan Ärnlöv; Kurnia Dwi Artanti; Afsaneh Arzani; Malke Asaad; Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi; Ali A. Asadi-Pooya; Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi; Seyyed Shamsadin Athari; Seyyede Masoume Athari; Desta Debalkie Atnafu; Alok Atreya; Madhu Sudhan Atteraya; Marcel Ausloos; Asma Tahir Awan; Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla; Getinet Ayano; Martin Amogre Ayanore; Yared Asmare Aynalem; Samad Azari; Ghasem Azarian; Zelalem Nigussie Azene; B.B. Darshan; Ebrahim Babaee; Ashish D. Badiye; Atif Amin Baig; Maciej Banach; Palash Chandra Banik; Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo; Hiba Jawdat Barqawi; Quique Bassat; Sanjay Basu; Bernhard T. Baune; Mohsen Bayati; Neeraj Bedi; Ettore Beghi; Massimiliano Beghi; Michelle L. Bell; Salaheddine Bendak; Derrick A. Bennett; Isabela M. Bensenor; Kidanemaryam Berhe; Adam E. Berman; Yihienew Mequanint Bezabih; Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula; Dinesh Bhandari; Nikha Bhardwaj; Pankaj Bhardwaj; Krittika Bhattacharyya; Suraj Bhattarai; Zulfiqar A. Bhutta; Boris Bikbov; Antonio Biondi; Binyam Minuye Birihane; Raaj Kishore Biswas; Somayeh Bohlouli; Nicola Luigi Bragazzi; Alexey V. Breusov; Andre R. Brunoni; Katrin Burkart; Sharath Burugina Nagaraja; Reinhard Busse; Zahid A. Butt; Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos; Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado; Paulo Camargos; Luis Alberto Cámera; Rosario Cárdenas; Giulia Carreras; Juan J. Carrero; Felix Carvalho; Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia; Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela; Giulio Castelpietra; Ester Cerin; Jung-Chen Chang; Wagaye Fentahun Chanie; Jaykaran Charan; Souranshu Chatterjee; Soosanna Kumary Chattu; Vijay Kumar Chattu; Sarika Chaturvedi; Simiao Chen; Daniel Youngwhan Cho; Jee-Young Jasmine Choi; Dinh-Toi Chu; Liliana G. Ciobanu; Massimo Cirillo; Joao Conde; Vera Marisa Costa; Rosa A. S. Couto; Berihun Assefa Dachew; Saad M. A. Dahlawi; Hancheng Dai; Xiaochen Dai; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Parnaz Daneshpajouhnejad; Gary L. Darmstadt; Jai K. Das; Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes; Adrian C. Davis; Kairat Davletov; Fernando Pio De la Hoz; Diego De Leo; Farah Deeba; Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez; Nikolaos Dervenis; Assefa Desalew; Keshab Deuba; Sagnik Dey; Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne; Sameer Dhingra; Govinda Prasad Dhungana; Diana Dias da Silva; Daniel Diaz; Fariba Dorostkar; Leila Doshmangir; Eleonora Dubljanin; Andre Rodrigues Duraes; Arielle Wilder Eagan; Hisham Atan Edinur; Ferry Efendi; Sahar Eftekharzadeh; Iman El Sayed; Maha El Tantawi; Iffat Elbarazi; Islam Y. Elgendy; Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary; Amir Emami; Shymaa Enany; Oghenowede Eyawo; Sayeh Ezzikouri; Pawan Sirwan Faris; Farshad Farzadfar; Nazir Fattahi; Nelsensius Klau Fauk; Mehdi Fazlzadeh; Valery L. Feigin; Tomas Y. Ferede; Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad; Eduarda Fernandes; Pietro Ferrara; Irina Filip; Florian Fischer; James L. Fisher; Nataliya A. Foigt; Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan; Masoud Foroutan; Richard Charles Franklin; Marisa Freitas; Sara D. Friedman; Takeshi Fukumoto; Mohamed M. Gad; Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane; Shilpa Gaidhane; Santosh Gaihre; Silvano Gallus; Alberto L. Garcia-Basteiro; M.A. Garcia-Gordillo; William M. Gardner; Mariana Gaspar Fonseca; Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin; Lemma Getacher; Ahmad Ghashghaee; Asadollah Gholamian; Syed Amir Gilani; Tiffany K. Gill; Giorgia Giussani; Elena V. Gnedovskaya; Myron Anthony Godinho; Amit Goel; Mahaveer Golechha; Philimon N. Gona; Sameer Vali Gopalani; Houman Goudarzi; Michal Grivna; Harish Chander Gugnani; Davide Guido; Rafael Alves Guimarães; Rajat Das Gupta; Rajeev Gupta; Nima Hafezi-Nejad; Mohammad Rifat Haider; Arvin Haj-Mirzaian; Samer Hamidi; Asif Hanif; Graeme J. Hankey; Arief Hargono; Ahmed I. Hasaballah; Md Mehedi Hasan; Syed Shahzad Hasan; Amr Hassan; Soheil Hassanipour; Hadi Hassankhani; Rasmus J. Havmoeller; Khezar Hayat; Reza Heidari-Soureshjani; Nathaniel J. Henry; Claudiu Herteliu; Michael K. Hole; Ramesh Holla; Naznin Hossain; Mostafa Hosseini; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Mihaela Hostiuc; Sorin Hostiuc; Mowafa Househ; Junjie Huang; Ayesha Humayun; Bing-Fang Hwang; Ivo Iavicoli; Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye; Kevin S. Ikuta; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Irena M. Ilic; Milena D. Ilic; Sumant Inamdar; Leeberk Raja Inbaraj; Khalid Iqbal; Usman Iqbal; M. Mofizul Islam; Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam; Hiroyasu Iso; Masao Iwagami; Chidozie C.D. Iwu; Jalil Jaafari; Kathryn H. Jacobsen; Jagnoor Jagnoor; Vardhmaan Jain; Manthan Dilipkumar Janodia; Tahereh Javaheri; Fatemeh Javanmardi; Shubha Jayaram; Achala Upendra Jayatilleke; Ensiyeh Jenabi; Ravi Prakash Jha; John S. Ji; Oommen John; Jost B. Jonas; Tamas Joo; Nitin Joseph; Farahnaz Joukar; Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak; Mikk Jürisson; Ali Kabir; Zubair Kabir; Leila R. Kalankesh; Naser Kamyari; Tanuj Kanchan; Neeti Kapoor; Behzad Karami Matin; André Karch; Salah Eddin Karimi; Getinet Kassahun; Gbenga A. Kayode; Ali Kazemi Karyani; Laura Kemmer; Nauman Khalid; Rovshan Khalilov; Mohammad Khammarnia; Ejaz Ahmad Khan; Gulfaraz Khan; Maseer Khan; Md Nuruzzaman Khan; Young-Ho Khang; Khaled Khatab; Amir M. Khater; Mona M. Khater; Maryam Khayamzadeh; Ardeshir Khosravi; Daniel Kim; Young-Eun Kim; Yun Jin Kim; Ruth W. Kimokoti; Adnan Kisa; Sezer Kisa; Niranjan Kissoon; Jacek A. Kopec; Soewarta Kosen; Parvaiz A. Koul; Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana; Ai Koyanagi; Kewal Krishan; Vijay Krishnamoorthy; Barthelemy Kuate Defo; Burcu Kucuk Bicer; Vaman Kulkarni; G. Anil Kumar; Manasi Kumar; Nithin Kumar; Om P. Kurmi; Dian Kusuma; Carlo La Vecchia; Ben Lacey; Ratilal Lalloo; Faris Hasan Lami; Iván Landires; Anders O. Larsson; Savita Lasrado; Zohra S. Lassi; Paolo Lauriola; Paul H. Lee; Shaun Wen Huey Lee; Yo Han Lee; James Leigh; Matilde Leonardi; Sonia Lewycka; Bingyu Li; Shanshan Li; Juan Liang; Lee-Ling Lim; Miteku Andualem Limenih; Ro-Ting Lin; Xuefeng Liu; Rakesh Lodha; Alan D. Lopez; Rafael Lozano; Alessandra Lugo; Raimundas Lunevicius; Mark T. Mackay; Shilpashree Madhava Kunjathur; Francesca Giulia Magnani; D. R. Mahadeshwara Prasad; Mina Maheri; Morteza Mahmoudi; Azeem Majeed; Venkatesh Maled; Afshin Maleki; Shokofeh Maleki; Reza Malekzadeh; Ahmad Azam Malik; Deborah Carvalho Malta; Abdullah A. Mamun; Borhan Mansouri; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Gabriel Martinez; Santi Martini; Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo; Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi; Pallab K. Maulik; Colm Mcalinden; John J. Mcgrath; Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís; Entezar Mehrabi Nasab; Fabiola Mejia-Rodriguez; Ziad A. Memish; Walter Mendoza; Ritesh G. Menezes; Endalkachew Worku Mengesha; George A. Mensah; Atte Meretoja; Tuomo J. Meretoja; Abera M. Mersha; Tomislav Mestrovic; Bartosz Miazgowski; Tomasz Miazgowski; Irmina Maria Michalek; Ted R. Miller; G.K. Mini; Mohammad Miri; Andreea Mirica; Erkin M. Mirrakhimov; Hamed Mirzaei; Maryam Mirzaei; Babak Moazen; Masoud Moghadaszadeh; Bahram Mohajer; Osama Mohamad; Yousef Mohammad; Seyyede Momeneh Mohammadi; Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani; Shafiu Mohammed; Ali H. Mokdad; Mariam Molokhia; Lorenzo Monasta; Stefania Mondello; Mohammad Ali Moni; Catrin E. Moore; Ghobad Moradi; Masoud Moradi; Rahmatollah Moradzadeh; Paula Moraga; Lidia Morawska; Shane Douglas Morrison; Jonathan F. Mosser; Amin Mousavi Khaneghah; Ghulam Mustafa; Mehdi Naderi; Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan; Shankar Prasad Nagaraju; Mohsen Naghavi; Behshad Naghshtabrizi; Mukhammad David Naimzada; Vinay Nangia; Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy; Bruno Ramos Nascimento; Muhammad Naveed; Javad Nazari; Rawlance Ndejjo; Ionut Negoi; Ruxandra Irina Negoi; Evangelia Nena; Samata Nepal; Henok Biresaw Netsere; Georges Nguefack-Tsague; Josephine W. Ngunjiri; Chi Thi Yen Nguyen; Cuong Tat Nguyen; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen; Yeshambel T. Nigatu; Samuel Negash Nigussie; Molly R. Nixon; Chukwudi A. 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Background: Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 has targeted elimination of preventable child mortality, reduction of neonatal death to less than 12 per 1000 livebirths, and reduction of death of children younger than 5 years to less than 25 per 1000 livebirths, for each country by 2030. To understand current rates, recent trends, and potential trajectories of child mortality for the next decade, we present the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 findings for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in children younger than 5 years of age, with multiple scenarios for child mortality in 2030 that include the consideration of potential effects of COVID-19, and a novel framework for quantifying optimal child survival. Methods: We completed all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality analyses from 204 countries and territories for detailed age groups separately, with aggregated mortality probabilities per 1000 livebirths computed for neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and under-5 mortality rate (U5MR). Scenarios for 2030 represent different potential trajectories, notably including potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential impact of improvements preferentially targeting neonatal survival. Optimal child survival metrics were developed by age, sex, and cause of death across all GBD location-years. The first metric is a global optimum and is based on the lowest observed mortality, and the second is a survival potential frontier that is based on stochastic frontier analysis of observed mortality and Healthcare Access and Quality Index. Findings: Global U5MR decreased from 71·2 deaths per 1000 livebirths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 68·3–74·0) in 2000 to 37·1 (33·2–41·7) in 2019 while global NMR correspondingly declined more slowly from 28·0 deaths per 1000 live births (26·8–29·5) in 2000 to 17·9 (16·3–19·8) in 2019. In 2019, 136 (67%) of 204 countries had a U5MR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold and 133 (65%) had an NMR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold, and the reference scenario suggests that by 2030, 154 (75%) of all countries could meet the U5MR targets, and 139 (68%) could meet the NMR targets. Deaths of children younger than 5 years totalled 9·65 million (95% UI 9·05–10·30) in 2000 and 5·05 million (4·27–6·02) in 2019, with the neonatal fraction of these deaths increasing from 39% (3·76 million [95% UI 3·53–4·02]) in 2000 to 48% (2·42 million; 2·06–2·86) in 2019. NMR and U5MR were generally higher in males than in females, although there was no statistically significant difference at the global level. Neonatal disorders remained the leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years in 2019, followed by lower respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, congenital birth defects, and malaria. The global optimum analysis suggests NMR could be reduced to as low as 0·80 (95% UI 0·71–0·86) deaths per 1000 livebirths and U5MR to 1·44 (95% UI 1·27–1·58) deaths per 1000 livebirths, and in 2019, there were as many as 1·87 million (95% UI 1·35–2·58; 37% [95% UI 32–43]) of 5·05 million more deaths of children younger than 5 years than the survival potential frontier. Interpretation: Global child mortality declined by almost half between 2000 and 2019, but progress remains slower in neonates and 65 (32%) of 204 countries, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, are not on track to meet either SDG 3.2 target by 2030. Focused improvements in perinatal and newborn care, continued and expanded delivery of essential interventions such as vaccination and infection prevention, an enhanced focus on equity, continued focus on poverty reduction and education, and investment in strengthening health systems across the development spectrum have the potential to substantially improve U5MR. Given the widespread effects of COVID-19, considerable effort will be required to maintain and accelerate progress. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
Mapping development and health effects of cooking with solid fuels in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–18: a geospatial modelling study
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Joseph Jon Frostad; QuynhAnh P. Nguyen; Mathew M. Baumann; Brigette F. Blacker; Laurie B. Marczak; Aniruddha Deshpande; Kirsten E. Wiens; Kate E. LeGrand; Kimberly B. Johnson; Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari; Amir Abdoli; Hassan Abolhassani; Lucas Guimarães Abreu; Michael R. M. Abrigo; Niveen M.E. Abu-Rmeileh; Victor Adekanmbi; Anurag Agrawal; Muktar Beshir Ahmed; Ziyad Al-Aly; Fahad Mashhour Alanezi; Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal; Vahid Alipour; Khalid A. Altirkawi; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk; Adeladza Kofi Amegah; Saeed Amini; Fatemeh Amiri; Dickson A. Amugsi; Robert Ancuceanu; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Tudorel Andrei; Ernoiz Antriyandarti; Davood Anvari; Jalal Arabloo; Morteza Arab-Zozani; Seyyed Shamsadin Athari; Marcel Ausloos; Getinet Ayano; Yared Asmare Aynalem; Samad Azari; Ashish D. Badiye; Atif Amin Baig; Kalpana Balakrishnan; Maciej Banach; Sanjay Basu; Neeraj Bedi; Michelle L. Bell; Derrick A. Bennett; Krittika Bhattacharyya; Zulfiqar A. Bhutta; Sadia Bibi; Somayeh Bohlouli; Soufiane Boufous; Nicola Luigi Bragazzi; Dejana Braithwaite; Sharath Burugina Nagaraja; Zahid A. Butt; Florentino Luciano Caetano Dos Santos; Josip Car; Rosario Cárdenas; Felix Carvalho; Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia; Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela; Ester Cerin; Soosanna Kumary Chattu; Vijay Kumar Chattu; Pankaj Chaturvedi; Sarika Chaturvedi; Simiao Chen; Dinh-Toi Chu; Sheng-Chia Chung; Saad M. A. Dahlawi; Giovanni Damiani; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Aso Mohammad Darwesh; Jai K. Das; Aditya Prasad Dash; Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes; Diego De Leo; Jan-Walter De Neve; Getu Debalkie Demissie; Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez; Sagnik Dey; Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne; Meghnath Dhimal; Govinda Prasad Dhungana; Daniel Diaz; Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu; Fariba Dorostkar; Leila Doshmangir; Andre Rodrigues Duraes; Hisham Atan Edinur; Ferry Efendi; Maha El Tantawi; Sharareh Eskandarieh; Ibtihal Fadhil; Nazir Fattahi; Nelsensius Klau Fauk; Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad; Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan; Masoud Foroutan; Takeshi Fukumoto; Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane; Mansour Ghafourifard; Ahmad Ghashghaee; Syed Amir Gilani; Tiffany K. Gill; Alessandra C. Goulart; Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart; Ayman Grada; Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari; Davide Guido; Yuming Guo; Rajat Das Gupta; Rajeev Gupta; Reyna Alma Gutiérrez; Nima Hafezi-Nejad; Randah R. Hamadeh; Ahmed I. Hasaballah; Soheil Hassanipour; Khezar Hayat; Behzad Heibati; Reza Heidari-Soureshjani; Nathaniel J. Henry; Claudiu Herteliu; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Mohamed Hsairi; Guoqing Hu; Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Irena M. Ilic; Milena D. Ilic; Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani; Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam; Chidozie C. D. Iwu; Jalil Jaafari; Mihajlo Jakovljevic; Tahereh Javaheri; Ravi Prakash Jha; John S. Ji; Jost B. Jonas; Ali Kabir; Zubair Kabir; Rohollah Kalhor; Naser Kamyari; Tanuj Kanchan; Umesh Kapil; Neeti Kapoor; Gbenga A. Kayode; Peter Njenga Keiyoro; Yousef Saleh Khader; Nauman Khalid; Ejaz Ahmad Khan; Maseer Khan; Md Nuruzzaman Khan; Khaled Khatab; Mona M. Khater; Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib; Maryam Khayamzadeh; Jagdish Khubchandani; Gyu Ri Kim; Yun Jin Kim; Ruth W. Kimokoti; Adnan Kisa; Sezer Kisa; Luke D. Knibbs; Parvaiz A. Koul; Ai Koyanagi; Kewal Krishan; G. Anil Kumar; Manasi Kumar; Dian Kusuma; Carlo La Vecchia; Ben Lacey; Faris Hasan Lami; Qing Lan; Savita Lasrado; Paolo Lauriola; Paul H. Lee; Sonia Lewycka; Shanshan Li; Daiane Borges Machado; Phetole Walter Mahasha; Mina Maheri; Azeem Majeed; Afshin Maleki; Reza Malekzadeh; Deborah Carvalho Malta; Borhan Mansouri; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Natalie Maria Martinez; Santi Martini; Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo; Benjamin K. Mayala; Man Mohan Mehndiratta; Walter Mendoza; Ritesh G. Menezes; Endalkachew Worku Mengesha; Tuomo J. Meretoja; Tomislav Mestrovic; Irmina Maria Michalek; Erkin M. Mirrakhimov; Maryam Mirzaei; Roya Mirzaei; Babak Moazen; Yousef Mohammad; Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani; Shafiu Mohammed; Ali H. Mokdad; Lorenzo Monasta; Maziar Moradi-Lakeh; Paula Moraga; Lidia Morawska; Abbas Mosapour; Simin Mouodi; Amin Mousavi Khaneghah; Satinath Mukhopadhyay; Sandra B. Munro; Christopher J. L. Murray; Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan; Mohsen Naghavi; Sanjeev Nair; Vinay Nangia; Bruno Ramos Nascimento; Javad Nazari; Ionut Negoi; Henok Biresaw Netsere; Josephine W. Ngunjiri; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen; Jean Jacques Noubiap; Bogdan Oancea; Felix Akpojene Ogbo; In-Hwan Oh; Andrew T. Olagunju; Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya; Jacob Olusegun Olusanya; Ahmed Omar Bali; Obinna E. Onwujekwe; Nikita Otstavnov; Stanislav S. Otstavnov; Mayowa O. Owolabi; P.A. Mahesh; Anamika Pandey; Eun-Cheol Park; Eun-Kee Park; Sangram Kishor Patel; Hai Quang Pham; Thomas Pilgrim; Meghdad Pirsaheb; Khem Narayan Pokhrel; Maarten J. Postma; Zahiruddin Quazi Syed; Navid Rabiee; Amir Radfar; Fakher Rahim; Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman; Muhammad Aziz Rahman; Amir Masoud Rahmani; Chhabi Lal Ranabhat; Sowmya J. Rao; Davide Rasella; Prateek Rastogi; Goura Kishor Rath; David Laith Rawaf; Salman Rawaf; Lal Rawal; Reza Rawassizadeh; Andre M. N. Renzaho; Bhageerathy Reshmi; Negar Rezaei; Nima Rezaei; Aziz Rezapour; Jennifer Rickard; Leonardo Roever; Luca Ronfani; Morteza Rostamian; Enrico Rubagotti; Godfrey M. Rwegerera; Basema Saddik; Ehsan Sadeghi; Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam; Rajesh Sagar; Amirhossein Sahebkar; Biniyam Sahiledengle; Marwa Rashad Salem; Abdallah M. Samy; Milena M. Santric-Milicevic; Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy; Brijesh Sathian; Thirunavukkarasu Sathish; David C. Schwebel; Sadaf G. Sepanlou; Saeed Shahabi; Amira A. Shaheen; Izza Shahid; Masood Ali Shaikh; Ali S. Shalash; Mehran Shams-Beyranvand; Mohammed Shannawaz; Kiomars Sharafi; Aziz Sheikh; Sara Sheikhbahaei; Ranjitha S. Shetty; Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw; Mika Shigematsu; Jae Il Shin; K.M. Shivakumar; Soraya Siabani; Tariq Jamal Siddiqi; Balbir Bagicha Singh; Jasvinder A. Singh; Yitagesu Sintayehu; Muluken Bekele Sorrie; Ireneous N. Soyiri; Emma Elizabeth Spurlock; Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy; Leo Stockfelt; Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan; Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader; Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos; Takahiro Tabuchi; Amir Taherkhani; Mohamad-Hani Temsah; Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan; Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone; Eugenio Traini; Saif Ullah; Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan; Era Upadhyay; Sahel Valadan Tahbaz; Santosh Varughese; Francesco S. Violante; Bay Vo; Giang Thu Vu; Yasir Waheed; Yuan-Pang Wang; Catherine A. Welgan; Andrea Werdecker; Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari; Sanni Yaya; Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi; Mekdes Tigistu Yilma; Naohiro Yonemoto; Mustafa Z. Younis; Taraneh Yousefinezhadi; Chuanhua Yu; Yong Yu; Sojib Bin Zaman; Yunquan Zhang; Zhi-Jiang Zhang; Michael Brauer; Simon I. Hay; Robert C. Reiner
Background: More than 3 billion people do not have access to clean energy and primarily use solid fuels to cook. Use of solid fuels generates household air pollution, which was associated with more than 2 million deaths in 2019. Although local patterns in cooking vary systematically, subnational trends in use of solid fuels have yet to be comprehensively analysed. We estimated the prevalence of solid-fuel use with high spatial resolution to explore subnational inequalities, assess local progress, and assess the effects on health in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) without universal access to clean fuels. Methods: We did a geospatial modelling study to map the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking at a 5 km × 5 km resolution in 98 LMICs based on 2·1 million household observations of the primary cooking fuel used from 663 population-based household surveys over the years 2000 to 2018. We use observed temporal patterns to forecast household air pollution in 2030 and to assess the probability of attaining the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target indicator for clean cooking. We aligned our estimates of household air pollution to geospatial estimates of ambient air pollution to establish the risk transition occurring in LMICs. Finally, we quantified the effect of residual primary solid-fuel use for cooking on child health by doing a counterfactual risk assessment to estimate the proportion of deaths from lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years that could be associated with household air pollution. Findings: Although primary reliance on solid-fuel use for cooking has declined globally, it remains widespread. 593 million people live in districts where the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking exceeds 95%. 66% of people in LMICs live in districts that are not on track to meet the SDG target for universal access to clean energy by 2030. Household air pollution continues to be a major contributor to particulate exposure in LMICs, and rising ambient air pollution is undermining potential gains from reductions in the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking in many countries. We estimated that, in 2018, 205 000 (95% uncertainty interval 147 000–257 000) children younger than 5 years died from lower respiratory tract infections that could be attributed to household air pollution. Interpretation: Efforts to accelerate the adoption of clean cooking fuels need to be substantially increased and recalibrated to account for subnational inequalities, because there are substantial opportunities to improve air quality and avert child mortality associated with household air pollution. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017
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A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic. © 2020, The Author(s).