Browsing by Author "Sameer Kumar Singh"

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Biochemical Factors Associated with Resistance to Spotted Pod Borer, Maruca vitrata (Fabricius) in Green Gram
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2021) Sameer Kumar Singh; P.S. Singh
Background: Legume pod borer or spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata is one of the serious insect pest to the green gram, which causes damage mainly at the reproductive phase of the crop growth. The larvae of spotted pod borer are known to cause damage by webbing the leaves, bud, flower and pods together and feed from inside on them. Due to its webbing nature, it is very difficult to enter inside by natural enemies and chemicals cannot directly reach inside webbing. Host plant resistance to insect pests is an economically and ecologically preferred alternative as compared to other pest management tactics, particularly the synthetic pesticides. The present investigation was undertaken to examine the role of certain bio-chemical constituents of the immature pods of green gram in the expression of damage by the spotted pod borer. Methods: The experiments on screening were conducted during the kharif 2014 and 2015 at the Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, (U.P.) to define the occurrence of M. vitrata on 20 promising varieties/ genotypes of green gram. Pods were collected at the immature stage from different varieties/genotypes and biochemical constituents such as total soluble sugar, total chlorophyll, protein were estimated. Result: The maximum protein content was found in genotype IPM 306-6 (36.17 mg/g) and minimum in genotype PM-5 (20.53 mg/g). Highest total sugar content was reported from genotype ML 1256 (16.71 mg/g) and lowest total sugar content was recorded in PM-5 (10.94 mg/g).The phenol content in genotype PM-5 (9.00 mg/g) was significantly higher than others whereas, the minimum phenol content was reported in IPM 306-6 (5.14 mg/g). The higher amount of total chlorophyll content found in genotype IPM 306-6 (3.22 mg/g) and lowest in PM-5 (1.85 mg/g). The significant and positive correlation was observed between M. vitrata larval population, pod damage and protein (r=0.954** and r=0.952**, respectively) and total sugar content (r=0.986** and r=0.986**, respectively) and total chlorophyll content (r=0.994** and r=0.993**, respectively) in immature pods, while, the significant and negative correlation was found between phenol (r=-0.916** and r=-0.919**, respectively). © 2021, Agricultural Research Communication Centre. All rights reserved.
Biochemical traits associated with resistance to Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in green gram
(Malhotra Publishing House, 2021) Sameer Kumar Singh; P.S. Singh
Results revealed that maximum population was reported in ML 5 (9.12 whitefly cage-) followed by SM 48(8.45 whitefly cage-1-) and the minimum population was recorded in PM-5 (3.02 whitefly cage-) closely followedby IPM 306-1 (3.51 whitefly cage-). However, the population local check cultivar, HUM-12 was 6.45 whiteflycage-. The biochemical factors like protein, total sugar, phenol and total chlorophyll were estimated in 20promising varieties/ genotypes of green gram. The highest protein content was found in genotype ML 5 (12.77mg g-) and minimum in genotype PM-5 (7.45 mg g-). Maximum total sugar content was reported from genotypeML 5 (07.86 mg g-) and minimum total sugar content recorded in PM-5 (03.34 mg g-). The phenol content ingenotype PM-5 (4.23 mg g-) was significantly higher than others whereas, the minimum phenol content wasreported in ML5 (2.43 mg g-). The higher amount of total chlorophyll content was found in genotype PM-5(3.92 mg g-) and lower in genotype ML 5 (1.30 mg g-). The significant and positive correlation was witnessedbetween B. tabaci population and protein (r=0.976**) and total sugar content (r=0.981**), while, the significantand negative correlation was found between phenol (r = -981**) and total chlorophyll content (r = -978**) © 2021, Journal of Entomological Research.All Rights Reserved.
DEFENSIVE RESPONSES OF RICE GENOTYPES AGAINST YELLOW STEM BORER SCIRPOPHAGA INCERTULAS (WALKER)
(The Entomological Society of India, 2025) Kamal Ravi Sharma; Samantapudi Venkata Satyanarayana Raju; Sameer Kumar Singh; Rakesh Kumar
The response of rice genotypes to yellow stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) infestation under natural climatic conditions was evaluated during kharif 2018-19 and 2019-20 at BHU, Varanasi. Findings revealed that deadhearts and white earheads caused by S. incertulas (Walker) varied significantly, indicating the presence of resistance-susceptibility. The dead hearts was significantly lower in resistant genotypes BRRI DHAN-64 (1.49%) and IR82475-110-2-2-1-2 (2.00%). The susceptible TN1 (17.45%), Swarna (14.98%), and IR-92960-75-1-3 (14.58%) had the highest amount of deadhearts. The least white earheads was recorded in IR82475-110-2-2-1-2 (1.16%) and AKSHYADHAN (1.19%), however the maximum percent of white earheads was observed in TN1 (13.37%), SWARNA (11.22%) and IR-92960-75-1-3 (9.87%). Infestation was significantly and positively correlated with total sugar, crude protein and total free amino acid; showed significant negative correlation with phenol, crude silica tannin. © 2025, The Entomological Society of India. All rights reserved.
Differential preference of grain of landrace and commercial rice genotypes to Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) attack
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Kamal Ravi Sharma; S.V.S. Raju; Sameer Kumar Singh; Rashmirekha Singh; Rajendran Dhanapal; Rakesh Kumar
The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is one of the most damaging pests to stored cereal grains worldwide. The current study aimed to clarify the relationship between S. oryzae development and the governing physicochemical grain properties. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the grain preference of various landrace and commercial rice genotypes to rice weevil. S. oryzae, findings divulged the low rates of adult emergence, low rates of grain consumption and high rates of mortality in the grain of rice varieties, HUR-3022 and Nagina-22. Conversely, S. oryzae adult emergence and grain consumption were found to be high in the grain of Swarna, Sathi, and Pusa basmati-1. Interestingly, the morphological and biochemical composition of the grain was the most important factor in determining resistant or preferred rice varieties to S. oryzae. Among the various physical characteristics investigated, grain hardness was found to have a significant and negative correlation with alive insect, grain weight loss, and preference index. On the other hand, protein and other biochemical grain characteristics were found to have a positive correlation with insect emergence, weight loss, and preference index. In particular, amylose (a key grain component) was found to have a negative correlation with weight loss and insect emergence. The findings of this study suggest that screening of different rice genotypes, for determining grain preference, may be a more viable option to minimize the grain losses during storage caused by S. oryzae. Moreover, the findings of present study could also help to formulate the breeding programs aimed at developing cultivars resistant to this notorious pest. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
Dissection and slide mounting technique for male and female genitalia of Leucinodes orbonalis
(Malhotra Publishing House, 2018) Kanchan G. Padwal; Sujeet Kumar Sharma; Sameer Kumar Singh
Study of intraspecific and interspecific variation is an important part of taxonomy and it is depends on proper identification of species. Genitalia constitutes most important identification character as they are very unique. To identify the species correctly the only reliable method is to dissect genitalia of male and female moths. Along with dissection of genitalia it is very important to mount it on slide which facilitates easy and detailed study of the organ for further research. © MPH.
Efficacy and economics of certain insecticides and biopesticides against spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Fabricius) on green gram
(Malhotra Publishing House, 2019) Sameer Kumar Singh; P.S. Singh
Results revealed that spinosad 60 g a.i. ha-1; emamectin benzoate 8 g a.i. ha-1 and Fipronil 100 g a.i. ha-1 found most effective in reducing pod damage and grain damage by M. vitrata and also showed increase in yield. However, highest net return was recorded from imidacloprid 50 g a.i. ha-1 followed by spinosad 60 g a.i. ha-1 and minimum in Verticillium lecanii (1 x 108 Spores g-1) 5 g L-1. The highest benefit: cost ratio was observed in imidacloprid 50 g a.i. ha-1, which was most efficient treatment followed by acetamiprid 20 g a.i. ha-1 and whereas, lowest in Verticillium lecanii (1 x 108 Spores g-1) 5 g L-1. © 2019. All Rights Reserved.
EVALUATION OF GREEN GRAM GENOTYPES AGAINST WHITEFLY BEMISIA TABACI (GENNADIUS)
(The Entomological Society of India, 2019) Sameer Kumar Singh; P.S. Singh
Field experiments were carried out during kharif 2014 and 2015 at the Agriculture Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, for screening 20 green gram genotypes along with a local check, HUM-12 for resistance/ susceptibility to whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Weekly observations on the incidence/ cage were made on the 35th Standard Meteorological Week (SMW). The results revealed peak in population during the 39th SMW, and the mean incidence was observed to range from 3.02 to 9.12/ cage; maximum was in the genotype ML 5 followed by SM 48 and ML 1059; and the least was in PM-5 (3.02/ cage). The genotypes PM-5 (7.72 q ha-1), IPM 306-1 (6.96 q ha-1) and HUM-16 (6.58 q ha-1) gave the maximum yield, while IPM 306-6 followed by IPM 05-3-22 were with the lowest yield. © 2019, The Entomological Society of India. All rights reserved.
Evaluation of rice genotypes and varieties for resistance to white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
(Malhotra Publishing House, 2024) Kamal Ravi Sharma; S.V.S. Raju; R.S. Meena; Sameer Kumar Singh; Rashmirekha Singh
Field screening of 50 genotypes and varieties of rice against white-backed planthopper revealed that rice genotypes IR82475-110-2-2-1-2, Akshyadhan, and MTU-1010 recorded minimum population and TN1, Swarna, MTU 7029, Baranideep and Sahbhagidhan showed maximum population of the pest. Rice genotypes Akshyadhan, HUR-105, Sathi and IR 96248-16-3-3-2B showed the lowest amount of total sugar in leaves while, IR82475-110-2-2-1-2, Akshyadhan, NDR-97 and IR 96248-16-3-3-2B recorded highest total phenol contents. However, the maximum per cent of crude silica content was observed in Akshyadhan, IR 96248-16-3-3-2B, and Pantdhan-12. The rice genotypes IR82475-110-2-2-1-2, Akshyadhan, MTU-1010 and IR-96248-16-3-3-2B exhibited fair degree of resistance to white-backed planthoppers. © 2024, Malhotra Publishing House. All rights reserved.
Rice genotypes and the biochemical basis of resistance against brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)
(Association for Advancement of Entomology, 2024) Kamal Ravi Sharma; S.V.S. Raju; Sameer Kumar Singh; Rashmirekha Singh; R.S. Meena
Screening of 50 rice genotypes against brown planthopper infestation was conducted in open field conditions over two consecutive years (Kharif 2018-19 and 2019-20). Based on pest population per hill, rice genotypes IR82475-110-2-2-1-2,Akshyadhan, and MTU-1010 had the least brown planthoppers. TN1, Swarna, MTU 7029, Rajendra Kasturi, Baranideep, and Sahbhagidhan had the highest population and were classified as pest-prone. Rice leaf biochemical characteristics examined in selected genotypes, revealed that the pest population was significantly and positively correlated with total sugar (r = 0.608), crude protein (r = 0.306) and total free amino acid (r = 0.358), but significantly negatively correlated with phenol (r =-0.429), crude silica (r =-0.401), and tannin (r =-0.301). Correlation analysis revealed that susceptible entries contained more total sugar, crude protein, and total free amino acids, whereas resistant genotypes contained significantly more phenol, crude silica, and tannins. This study highlighted the significance of antixenotic properties in rice genotypes against brown planthoppers. © 2024 Association for Advancement of Entomology. © 2024 Association for Advancement of Entomology.
Screening of certain green gram varieties/genotypes against Callosobruchus chinensis under laboratory conditions
(Malhotra Publishing House, 2019) Sameer Kumar Singh; P.S. Singh
The susceptibility of 20 green gram genotypes/varieties i.e., PM-5, IPM 2K 14-9, HUM 1, ML 1257, Pusa 672, IPM 306-6, SM 48, IPM 05-3-22, Pusa Bold 2, IPM-9901-10, HUM 16, IPM 306-1, PM 4, ML 5, ML 1256, ML 1059, SML 191, ML 515, PDM 288 and HUM 12 to pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis was studied under laboratory conditions. None of tahe genotype/variety was found immune to pest infestation and showed different magnitude of weight loss. The minimum infestation, minimum weight loss and minimum total adult emergence was recorded in genotypes PM-5 and IPM 306-1 and genotypes IPM 306-6 followed by IPM 05-3-22 showed maximum susceptibility in terms of infestation, weight loss and total adult emergence. © 2019 Malhotra Publishing House.
SCREENING OF GREEN GRAM GENOTYPES AGAINST SPOTTED POD BORER MARUCA VITRATA (F.)
(The Entomological Society of India, 2019) Sameer Kumar Singh; P.S. Singh
This study evalutes 20 gentotypes of green gram Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek for their susceptibility levels against the spotted pod borer Maruca vitrata (F.). The experiment was done during kharif 2014 and 2015 at the Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. The infestation was assessed at the flowering stage based on larval incidence/ plant. The results revealed that the incidence was observed in the 37th standard meteorological week (SMW) with a peak during the 40th SMW, and varied from 0.53 to 3.01 larva/ plant.Maximum larval population was observed in IPM 306-6 followed by IPM 05-3-22 and ML 1256 and the least with PM-5 followed by IPM 306-1 and ML 515. The genotype PM-5 (7.72 q/ ha) closely followed by IPM 306-1 (6.96 q/ ha) and HUM-16 (6.58 q/ ha) gave the maximum yield. © 2019, The Entomological Society of India. All rights reserved.