Browsing by Author "Sandeep Sharma"

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A halotolerant growth promoting rhizobacteria triggers induced systemic resistance in plants and defends against fungal infection
(Nature Publishing Group, 2019) Sandeep Sharma; Chen Chen; Sudhir Navathe; Ramesh Chand; Shree P. Pandey
A halotolerant rhizobacteria, Klebsiella species (referred to MBE02), was identified that had a growth stimulation effect on peanut. To gain mechanistic insights into how molecular components were reprogrammed during the interaction of MBE02 and peanut roots, we performed deep RNA-sequencing. In total, 1260 genes were differentially expressed: 979 genes were up-regulated, whereas 281 were down-regulated by MBE02 treatment as compared to uninoculated controls. A large component of the differentially regulated genes were related to phytohormone signalling. This included activation of a significant proportion of genes involved in jasmonic acid, ethylene and pathogen-defense signalling, which indicated a role of MBE02 in modulating plant immunity. In vivo and in vitro pathogenesis assays demonstrated that MBE02 treatment indeed provide fitness benefits to peanut against Aspergillus infection under controlled as well as field environment. Further, MBE02 directly reduced the growth of a wide range of fungal pathogens including Aspergillus. We also identified possible molecular components involved in rhizobacteria-mediated plant protection. Our results show the potential of MBE02 as a biocontrol agent in preventing infection against several fungal phytopathogens. © 2019, The Author(s).
A Klebsiella rhizobacterium deregulates the metabolism of phytopathogenic Aspergillus flavus during in-vitro assays and confers protective functions
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Shree P. Pandey; Shivam Singh; Deepesh Khandwal; Avinash Mishra; Bhagya Shree Acharya; Suman Bakshi; Sundeep Kumar; Vinod Mishra; Sandeep Sharma
In previous investigations, we have identified a rhizobacterium (Klebsiella sp. MBE02) that confers host protection against several phytopathogenic fungi. For instance, this rhizobacterium prevents Aspergillus flavus infection and promotes peanut growth and fitness in controlled and field-conditions. The mechanistic basis of the protective function offered by this rhizobacterium is not completely understood. MBE02 directly restricts the growth of the pathogenic fungi, which led us to hypothesize that it may strongly dysregulate the metabolism of A. flavus, and inhibit critical metabolic processes of the fungus, which severely restricts pathogen growth. We have tested this hypothesis by using untargeted metabolite profiling. Sixty-nine A. flavus metabolites accumulated differentially due to the presence of the MBE02. MBE02 could inhibit several important metabolic pathways, which include the biosynthesis of critical primary metabolites such as amino acids and fatty acids. It also impacts energy metabolism of the fungus, and that the accumulation of several structural components, including of the cell wall, were strongly inhibited. MBE02 abrogated the accumulation of disease-causing metabolites in A. flavus, whereas the accumulation of metabolites that inhibit fungal growth were enhanced. On the other hand, A. flavus did not strikingly impact the accumulation of metabolites of the MBE02. Our investigation supports the hypothesis that Klebsiella sp. MBE02 mediates protective function by directly impairing the pathogen's metabolism. © 2024 The Authors
Clonal variability and its relevance in generation of new pathotypes in the spot blotch pathogen, Bipolaris sorokiniana
(2008) Shree P. Pandey; Sandeep Sharma; R. Chand; P. Shahi; A.K. Joshi
Spot blotch pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana of wheat was investigated with threefold objectives: to establish a relationship between morphological and pathological variability of isolates, identify clonal genotype(s) acting as a source for the generation of new variability, and to determine the mechanism of generation of such variability in the pathogen. Isolates were collected from the leaves and seeds of field-grown wheat crop at four different sites in eastern Gangetic plains of India. Eighty-six clonal isolates derived from a single isolate (gray with white patches, Group III), which segregated in an equal proportion of parental and nonparental types, were studied. Morphological characters-i.e., colony morphology, growth rate, and sporulation-were studied along with disease-causing ability of the isolate clones. Clonal isolates were grouped into three categories. Microscopic analysis of nuclei was done to determine the causes of such variability. Morphological variability appeared to be related to the pathological variability. The isolate having epidemic potential appeared different than that acting as the reservoir for variability. The cause of such variability could be attributed either to hyphal fusion and heterokaryosis, nuclear migration and occurrence of multinucleate state, or a combination of these factors. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay suggested that the unique fragments for different groups could be utilized as molecular markers to identify the isolates of specific groups. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
Crosses with spelt improve tolerance of South Asian spring wheat to spot blotch, terminal heat stress, and their combination
(Nature Research, 2021) Ajeet Kumar Pandey; Vinod Kumar Mishra; Ramesh Chand; Sudhir Navathe; Neeraj Budhlakoti; Jayasudha Srinivasa; Sandeep Sharma; Arun Kumar Joshi
Spot blotch and terminal heat are two of the most important stresses for wheat in South Asia. A study was initiated to explore the use of spelt (Triticum spelta) to improve tolerance to these stresses in spring wheat (T. aestivum). We assessed 185 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the cross T. spelta (H + 26) × T. aestivum (cv. HUW234), under the individual stresses and their combination. H + 26 showed better tolerance to the single stresses and also their combination; grain yield in RILs was reduced by 21.9%, 27.7% and 39.0% under spot blotch, terminal heat and their combined effect, respectively. However, phenological and plant architectural traits were not affected by spot blotch itself. Multivariate analysis demonstrated a strong negative correlation between spikelet sterility and grain yield under spot blotch, terminal heat and their combination. However, four recombinant lines demonstrated high performance under both stresses and also under their combined stress. The four lines were significantly superior in grain yield and showed significantly lower AUDPC than the better parent. This study demonstrates the potential of spelt wheat in enhancing tolerance to spot blotch and terminal heat stresses. It also provides comprehensive evidence about the expression of yield and phenological traits under these stresses. © 2021, The Author(s).
De novo transcriptome assembly and variable salinity induced differential biochemical and transcript responses in Kappaphycus alvarezii, a red carrageenophyte
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Kusum Khatri; Sandeep Sharma; Mangal S. Rathore
Kappaphycus alvarezii is an important kappa-carrageenan producer. Fluctuating environmental conditions, especially seawater salinity, significantly affect the cultivation of K. alvarezii. To assess the variable salinity-induced responses, biochemical responses and gene expressions via high throughput RNA sequencing were studied in K. alvarezii under hypo- [3.25 practical salinity units (psu)] and hyper- (65 psu) salinity conditions. Under variable salinity, the influx of Na+ and efflux of K+ ions resulted in a lower K+/Na+ ratio. Both salinity levels had differential effect on accumulation of different solutes and photosynthetic pigments. Superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase exhibited higher activity under stress. The RNA sequencing revealed the differential gene expression in K. alvarezii at variable salinity. In this study, 52,875 CDS were predicted, and most of these showed a match with Chondrus crispus. At hypo-salinity, 246 and 171 genes exhibited up- and down-regulation, respectively. At hyper-salinity, 457 and 1,008 exhibited up- and down-regulation, respectively. Transcriptome data revealed differential expression of genes encoding components of photosynthetic, signal transduction, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism and redox homeostasis machineries under stress. Differential expression of ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic genes and heat shock proteins indicated the important role of these genes under studied strengths of salinity. The differentially expressed genes showed a correlation with biochemical responses and ion accumulation. The study identified numerous key genes regulating different metabolic pathways and antioxidant machinery. The results would facilitate insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the salinity stress adaptation in K. alvarezii and studies on the gene discoveries for subsequent strain improvement. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Effect of halotolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria inoculation on soil microbial community structure and nutrients
(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Doongar R. Chaudhary; Aditya P. Rathore; Sandeep Sharma
Halophytes are potential sources of salt-tolerant bacteria with plant growth enhancing abilities. Previously, our group has isolated plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from the roots of a halophyte (Arthrocnemum indicum) and tested for their abilities to enhance the peanut growth. The resilience of native soil microbial community to exogenous inoculation of PGPR is of growing concern as change in microbial community structure impacts on soil-plant-microbe interaction. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the influence of inoculation of PGPR isolated from halophytes on the native soil microbial community in the field grown peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The PGPR had significantly influenced and enhanced the availability of nutrients (N, P, K and Fe) in soil. Alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly improved in the bacteria inoculated soils, except MBE03 (Ochrobactrum anthropic), in comparison to the control soil where the highest increase was observed in the soil inoculated with MBE02 (Klebsiella sp.). There was a significant influence of bacterial treatments on the contents of total PLFAs, Gram-positive and actinomycetes PLFAs. The contents of these PLFAs were maximum in soil inoculated with MBE01 (Agrobacierium tumefaciens). The multivariate analysis of PLFA profiles exhibited that the microbial community structure of soil was not significantly affected by the bacterial inoculation. Our results suggest that the inoculation with beneficiary bacteria does not perturb the natural soil microbial community. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
Evaluation of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum l.) for terminal heat tolerance
(Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2020) Stuti Krishna; Priyanka Upadhayay; Vinod Kumar Mishra; Shubhra N. Kujur; Monu Kumar; Punam S. Yadav; Parvin Kumar Mahto; Prashant Singh; Ashutosh; Sandeep Sharma; Ramesh Chand
Terminal heat tolerance of 34 wheat genotypes were analyzed for two years. Among 14 traits, canopy temperature, plot yield and days to heading were major components in clustering of genotypes. Three genotypes namely, DBW39, DBW16 and DBW14 had lowest heat susceptibility index (0.34-0.36) for plot yield and were considered as heat tolerant genotypes by both Hierarchical Cluster Analysis as well as Discriminant Analysis. These genotypes may serve as potential donors in wheat breeding to improve the terminal heat tolerance. © 2020, Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding. All rights reserved.
Expression analysis of hormonal pathways and defense associated genes in gamma-rays mutagenized wheat genotypes against combined stresses of spot blotch and terminal heat
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) G Mahendra Singh; SrinathaReddy S; Gaurav Sharma; Suman Bakshi; Uttam Kumar; Pradeep Bhati; Sanjay J. Jambhulkar; Ramesh Chand; Arun K. Joshi; Vinod K. Mishra; Sandeep Sharma
Wheat (Tritium aestivum L.) productivity is severely hampered by various pathogens and changing climatic conditions. Spot blotch and terminal heat stress are the major constraints of wheat production in the eastern Gangetic plains of India. To identify novel breeding sources and to understand underlying resistance mechanisms, forty-four gamma rays mutagenized wheat genotypes, derived from three different parents were screened under favourable agro-ecological conditions for spot blotch and terminal heat stress. Ten mutants showed reduced spot blotch infection calculated based on Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC), than their respective parents. The mutant TAW41 had the least infection (AUDPC: 354.32), significantly lower than its parent HD2967 (AUDPC: 675.51) and other checks. TAW41 also had a higher Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and chlorophyll content than the parent. Gene expression analysis of TAW41 showed differential accumulation of transcripts involved in hormonal pathways (Salicylic acid, Jasmonic acid, and ethylene) and other defense-associated genes, indicating that TAW41 might have unique resistance mechanism that facilitates this genotype to perform better against the combined stress of spot blotch and terminal heat. Hence, mutant TAW41 has been identified as a novel source of resistance that could be exploited in wheat improvement programmes to enhance tolerance to spot blotch and terminal heat stress. © 2021 The Authors
Genome-wide association mapping of genomic regions associated with drought stress tolerance at seedling and reproductive stages in bread wheat
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2023) S Srinatha Reddy; Dinesh Kumar Saini; G Mahendra Singh; Sandeep Sharma; Vinod Kumar Mishra; Arun Kumar Joshi
Understanding the genetic architecture of drought stress tolerance in bread wheat at seedling and reproductive stages is crucial for developing drought-tolerant varieties. In the present study, 192 diverse wheat genotypes, a subset from the Wheat Associated Mapping Initiative (WAMI) panel, were evaluated at the seedling stage in a hydroponics system for chlorophyll content (CL), shoot length (SLT), shoot weight (SWT), root length (RLT), and root weight (RWT) under both drought and optimum conditions. Following that, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was carried out using the phenotypic data recorded during the hydroponics experiment as well as data available from previously conducted multi-location field trials under optimal and drought stress conditions. The panel had previously been genotyped using the Infinium iSelect 90K SNP array with 26,814 polymorphic markers. Using single as well as multi-locus models, GWAS identified 94 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) or SNPs associated with traits recorded at the seedling stage and 451 for traits recorded at the reproductive stage. The significant SNPs included several novel, significant, and promising MTAs for different traits. The average LD decay distance for the whole genome was approximately 0.48 Mbp, ranging from 0.07 Mbp (chromosome 6D) to 4.14 Mbp (chromosome 2A). Furthermore, several promising SNPs revealed significant differences among haplotypes for traits such as RLT, RWT, SLT, SWT, and GY under drought stress. Functional annotation and in silico expression analysis revealed important putative candidate genes underlying the identified stable genomic regions such as protein kinases, O-methyltransferases, GroES-like superfamily proteins, NAD-dependent dehydratases, etc. The findings of the present study may be useful for improving yield potential, and stability under drought stress conditions. Copyright © 2023 Reddy, Saini, Singh, Sharma, Mishra and Joshi.
Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Novel Powdery Mildew Resistance Loci in Bread Wheat
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023) Ramandeep Kaur; Neeraj Kumar Vasistha; Vikas Kumar Ravat; Vinod Kumar Mishra; Sandeep Sharma; Arun Kumar Joshi; Raman Dhariwal
Powdery mildew (PM), caused by the fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), significantly threatens global bread wheat production. Although the use of resistant cultivars is an effective strategy for managing PM, currently available wheat cultivars lack sufficient levels of resistance. To tackle this challenge, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a diverse panel of 286 bread wheat genotypes. Over three consecutive years (2020–2021, 2021–2022, and 2022–2023), these genotypes were extensively evaluated for PM severity under field conditions following inoculation with virulent Bgt isolates. The panel was previously genotyped using the Illumina 90K Infinium iSelect assay to obtain genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker coverage. By applying FarmCPU, a multilocus mixed model, we identified a total of 113 marker–trait associations (MTAs) located on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2B, 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B, 6B, 7A, and 7B at a significance level of p ≤ 0.001. Notably, four novel MTAs on chromosome 6B were consistently detected in 2020–2021 and 2021–2022. Furthermore, within the confidence intervals of the identified SNPs, we identified 96 candidate genes belonging to different proteins including 12 disease resistance/host–pathogen interaction-related protein families. Among these, protein kinases, leucine-rich repeats, and zinc finger proteins were of particular interest due to their potential roles in PM resistance. These identified loci can serve as targets for breeding programs aimed at developing disease-resistant wheat cultivars. © 2023 His Majesty the King in Right of Canada.
Halotolerant microbes and their applications in sustainable agriculture
(Elsevier, 2020) Jayant Kulkarni; Sandeep Sharma; Ashish K. Srivastava; Suprasanna Penna
Climate change-mediated environmental extremities are posing challenge to sustaining agricultural productivity. Salinity stress is a one of the most important abiotic stress that reduces crop production across various parts of the world. Among several feasible approaches, the application of halotolerant microbes (bacteria and mycorrhizae) has become significant to improve crop productivity. In the past few decades, there have been several studies on the isolation of halotolerant bacteria and mycorrhizae from various harsh environments to explore their potential for improvement of plant growth and stress mitigation efficiency in crop plants. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are a diverse group of soil bacteria, they generally found in rhizosphere as either free-living or endophytic and colonize the roots to enhance plant growth through regulation of stress induced hormone and other metabolites. Physiological, biochemical and genomics approaches have elucidated the different plant growth promoting properties of PGPR responsible for increase in plant growth under stress and non-stress environment. In this article, we present an account of halotolerant microbes, mechanism of their stress alleviation and their potential use in sustainable agriculture. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Heterologous expression and characterization of ToxA1 haplotype from India and its interaction with Tsn1 for spot blotch susceptibility in spring wheat
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Ranjan Kumar Chaubey; Dharamsheela Thakur; Sudhir Navathe; Sandeep Sharma; Vinod Kumar Mishra; Pawan Kumar Singh; Ramesh Chand
Background: ToxA, a necrotrophic effector protein, is present in the genome of fungal species like Parastagnospora nodorum, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and Bipolaris sorokiniana. Tsn1 is the sensitivity gene in the host whose presence indicates more susceptibility to ToxA carrying pathogen, and ToxA-Tsn1 interaction follows an inverse gene-for-gene relationship. Methods and results: The present study involved cloning and expressing the ToxA1 haplotype from B. sorokiniana. It was found that the amplicon exhibited an expected product size of 471 bp. Sequence analysis of the ToxA1 nucleotide sequence revealed the highest identity, 99.79%, with P. tritici-repentis. The protein expression analysis showed peak expression at 16.5 kDa. Phylogenetic analysis of the ToxA1 sequence from all the Bipolaris isolates formed an independent clade along with P. tritici-repentis and diverged from P. nodorum. ToxA-Tsn1 interaction was studied in 18 wheat genotypes (11 Tsn1 and 7 tsn1) at both seedling and adult stages, validating the inverse gene-for-gene relationship, as the toxin activity was highest in the K68 genotype (Tsn1) and lowest in WAMI280 (tsn1). Conclusion: The study indicates that the haplotype ToxA1 is prevailing in the Indian population of B. sorokiniana. It would be desirable for wheat breeders to select genotypes with tsn1 locus for making wheat resistant to spot blotch. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Histo-chemical and biochemical analysis reveals association of er1 mediated powdery mildew resistance and redox balance in pea
(Elsevier Masson SAS, 2016) Chinmayee Mohapatra; Ramesh Chand; Sudhir Navathe; Sandeep Sharma
Powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe pisi is one of the important diseases responsible for heavy yield losses in pea crop worldwide. The most effective method of controlling the disease is the use of resistant varieties. The resistance to powdery mildew in pea is recessive and governed by a single gene er1. The objective of present study is to investigate if er1 mediated powdery mildew resistance is associated with changes in the redox status of the pea plant. 16 pea genotypes were screened for powdery mildew resistance in field condition for two years and, also, analyzed for the presence/absence of er1 gene. Histochemical analysis with DAB and NBT staining indicates accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in surrounding area of powdery mildew infection which was higher in susceptible genotypes as compared to resistant genotypes. A biochemical study revealed that the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, enzymes involved in scavenging ROS, was increased in, both, resistant and susceptible genotypes after powdery mildew infection. However, both enzymes level was always higher in resistant than susceptible genotypes throughout time course of infection. Moreover, irrespective of any treatment, the total phenol (TP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly high and low in resistant genotypes, respectively. The powdery mildew infection elevated the MDA content but decreased the total phenol in pea genotypes. Statistical analysis showed a strong positive correlation between AUDPC and MDA; however, a negative correlation was observed between AUDPC and SOD, CAT and TP. Heritability of antioxidant was also high. The study identified few novel genotypes resistant to powdery mildew infection that carried the er1 gene and provided further clue that er1 mediated defense response utilizes antioxidant machinery to confer powdery mildew resistance in pea. © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS.
Metabolite profiling identified pipecolic acid as an important component of peanut seed resistance against Aspergillus flavus infection
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Sandeep Sharma; Babita Choudhary; Sonam Yadav; Avinash Mishra; Vinod K. Mishra; Ramesh Chand; Chen Chen; Shree P. Pandey
In a previous study, we identified a halotolerant rhizobacterium belonging to the genus Klebsiella (MBE02) that protected peanut seeds from Aspergillus flavus infection. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the effect of MBE02 against A. flavus via untargeted metabolite profiling of peanut seeds treated with MBE02, A. flavus, or MBE02+A. flavus. Thirty-five metabolites were differentially accumulated across the three treatments (compared to the control), and the levels of pipecolic acid (Pip) were reduced upon A. flavus treatment only. We validated the function of Pip against A. flavus using multiple resistant and susceptible peanut cultivars. Pip accumulation was strongly associated with the resistant genotypes that also accumulated several mRNAs of the ALD1-like gene in the Pip biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, exogenous treatment of a susceptible peanut cultivar with Pip reduced A. flavus infection in the seeds. Our findings indicate that Pip is a key component of peanut resistance to A. flavus. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
National Consensus Statement on Role of Bisoprolol across Cardiovascular Continuum: Special Focus on Women
(Journal of Association of Physicians of India, 2025) Hriday Kumar Chopra; Kamal Kumar Sethi; Tiny Nair; Chandrashekhar Kashinath Ponde; Saumitra Ray; Sarita Rao; Shanmunga Sundaram; Dinesh K. Khullar; Navin C. Nanda; Jatinder Pal Singh Sawhney; Sarita M. Bajaj; Yatin Mehta; Arvind Kumar Pancholia; Pradeep Jain; Ashok Kumar Omar; Aditya K. Kapoor; Rishi Rishi Sethi; Atul Damodar Abhyankar; Vinod Kumar Sharma; Anil Dhall; Ajay Kumar Sinha; Shishu Shankar Mishra; Satya Narayan Rautray; Gyarsi Lal Sharma; Ashwani Mehta; Rajeev Agarwala; Rajeev Kumar Rajput; Ajay Umakant Mahajan; Sanjay C. Porwal; Ramesh K. Hotchandani; Vishal Rastogi; Rajeev Passey; Mohan Bhargava; Justin Paul Gnanaraj; Dorairaj Prabhakaran; Vivudh Pratap Singh; Vinod Mittal; Vitull Kumar Gupta; Anil Kumar Bhalla; Virender Kumar Katyal; Ishwarappa Balekundri Vijaylakshami; Asha Moorthy; Poonam Malhotra; Vanita Arora; Mona Bhatia; Prabhavathy Bhat; Shibba Takkar Chhabra; Sugandhi Gopal; Tripti Deb; Preeti Gupta; Hemlata Tewari; Anupam Goel; Rekha Mishra; Lovelina Singh; Zakia Khan; Geeta S. Sheth; Chandra Mukhi; Inder Pal Singh Kalra; Yogender Kumar Arora; Uttara Das; Kavita Tyagi; Satya Nand Pathak; Samir Kubba; Saurabh Bagga; Asha Mahilmaran; Ameet Sattur; Rohit Tandon; Dharmender Jain; Hetan C. Shah; Cecily Mary Majella; Ravi Prakash; Manish Aggarwal; Ruchi Verma; Sumit Sethi; Alka Gujral; Kanika Sood; Sonia Rawat; Varsha Kaul; Surinder S. Arora; Manjiti Arora; Veena Bhat; Anil Kumar Bali; Sanjay Sood; Shakuntala Dawesar; Bhushan K. Dawesar; Nilakshi Deka; Makarand Paithankar; Rajiv Handa; Nitish Parmar; Sheikh U. Nabi; Naveen K. Garg; Sandeep Sharma; Vivek Tandon; Manoj Pabrai; Samshad Alam; Manju Tyagi; Manisha Sahay; Manju Hotchandani; Anupama Kathpalia; Ish Kathpalia
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a significant health concern worldwide, with women facing distinct challenges in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of these conditions. In India, hypertension is a prevalent cardiovascular (CV) risk factor, affecting nearly one-third of adults, and women experience a disproportionately high burden across all age-groups. The CV continuum, which spans from risk factors to CV events and ultimately to heart failure (HF), demonstrates how the progression of CVD impacts women at each stage differently due to gender-specific mechanisms like hormonal influences, pregnancy complications and the effects of menopause. This manuscript aims to present a set of consensus statements developed by an expert panel in India, focusing on the role of bisoprolol across the CV continuum with special attention to women. The consensus was formed based on a thorough review of clinical experiences, existing clinical data and alignment with both global and regional clinical guidelines. The manuscript highlights the gender-specific CV risks faced by women, their higher mortality rates following acute cardiac events, delayed diagnoses and less aggressive treatments. It also discusses bisoprolol as an effective therapy for managing hypertension, HF and other CV conditions in women. Bisoprolol's benefits include consistent blood pressure (BP) control, improved outcomes in HF and reduced CV risks, particularly in postmenopausal women and those with comorbidities. The manuscript underscores the need for gender-tailored approaches to the CV continuum, from prevention through to management, to address these challenges and improve outcomes for women. © The Author(s).
Natural variation in elicitation of defense-signaling associates to field resistance against the spot blotch disease in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2018) Sandeep Sharma; Ranabir Sahu; Sudhir Navathe; Vinod K. Mishra; Ramesh Chand; Pawan K. Singh; Arun K. Joshi; Shree P. Pandey
Spot blotch, caused by the hemibiotropic fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana, is amongst the most damaging diseases of wheat. Still, natural variation in expression of biochemical traits that determine field resistance to spot blotch in wheat remain unaddressed. To understand how genotypic variations relate to metabolite profiles of the components of defense-signaling and the plant performance, as well as to discover novel sources of resistance against spot blotch, we have conducted field studies using 968 wheat genotypes at 5 geographical locations in South-Asia in 2 years. 46 genotypes were identified as resistant. Further, in independent confirmatory trials in subsequent 3 years, over 5 geographical locations, we re-characterized 55 genotypes for their resistance (above 46 along with Yangmai#6, a well characterized resistant genotype, and eight susceptible genotypes). We next determined time-dependent spot blotch-induced metabolite profiles of components of defense-signaling as well as levels of enzymatic components of defense pathway (such as salicylic acid (SA), phenolic acids, and redox components), and derived co-variation patterns with respect to resistance in these 55 genotypes. Spot blotch-induced SA accumulation was negatively correlated to disease progression. Amongst phenolic acids, syringic acid was most strongly inversely correlated to disease progression, indicating a defensive function, which was independently confirmed. Thus, exploring natural variation proved extremely useful in determining traits influencing phenotypic plasticity and adaptation to complex environments. Further, by overcoming environmental heterogeneity, our study identifies germplasmand biochemical traits that are deployable for spot blotch resistance in wheat along South-Asia. © 2018 Sharma, Sahu, Navathe, Mishra, Chand, Singh, Joshi and Pandey.
NDVI and grain fill duration are important to be considered in breeding for terminal heat stress tolerance in wheat
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Monu Kumar; Vinod Kumar Mishra; Ramesh Chand; Sandeep Sharma; Uttam Kumar; Jai Prakash Jaiswal; Mukesh Choudhary; Anima Mahato; Ashutosh; Prashant Singh; Arun Kumar Joshi
Terminal heat stress is a major constraint for taking a profitable crop of wheat by small and marginal farmers in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of south Asia. Hence, breeders remain in constant search for heat-tolerant genotypes. This study was done with the purpose to find out high-yielding wheat genotypes that perform stably under terminal heat stress as well as to conclude an easy phenotyping trait for this objective. A cross (HUW 234 × HUW 468) was made using two popular cultivars of the eastern Gangetic Plains of India. HUW 234 carries terminal heat tolerance whereas, HUW 468 is high yielding but suffers from terminal heat stress when planted late. So obtained 167 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were exposed to both timely sown (TS) and late sown (LS) conditions at three locations for two consecutive years 2016–17 and 2017–18 at Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh), Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh) and Pusa, Samastipur (Bihar). Combined ANOVA revealed that normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) at anthesis stage (NDVI_AH) and grain filling duration (GFD) was significant for genotype (G), environment (E) and genotype × environment interaction (GEI). Likewise, differences were significant for grain yield (GY) and 1000-grain weight (TGW). AMMI analysis revealed similar results. However, NDVI_AH showed low variation under heat stressed late sown conditions. Furthermore, the which-won-where model and mean versus stability identified the best performing, above-average yielding and stable lines across the environments. Correlation among measured traits revealed that NDVI_AH had a significant association with GY in most of the environments. Several lines that performed superior to better parent for GY also showed higher values for NDVI_AH and GFD. The study demonstrates that NDVI_AH and GFD appear to be important traits to be considered while breeding for terminal heat stress tolerance in wheat. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
New Genomic Regions Identified for Resistance to Spot Blotch and Terminal Heat Stress in an Interspecific Population of Triticum aestivum and T. spelta
(MDPI, 2022) Sudhir Navathe; Ajeet Kumar Pandey; Sandeep Sharma; Ramesh Chand; Vinod Kumar Mishra; Dinesh Kumar; Sarika Jaiswal; Mir Asif Iquebal; Velu Govindan; Arun Kumar Joshi; Pawan Kumar Singh
Wheat is one of the most widely grown and consumed food crops in the world. Spot blotch and terminal heat stress are the two significant constraints mainly in the Indo–Gangetic plains of South Asia. The study was undertaken using 185 recombinant lines (RILs) derived from the interspecific hybridization of ‘Triticum aestivum (HUW234) × T. spelta (H+26)’ to reveal genomic regions associated with tolerance to combined stress to spot blotch and terminal heat. Different physiological (NDVI, canopy temperature, leaf chlorophyll) and grain traits (TGW, grain size) were observed under stressed (spot blotch, terminal heat) and non-stressed environments. The mean maturity duration of RILs under combined stress was reduced by 12 days, whereas the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was 46.03%. Similarly, the grain size was depleted under combined stress by 32.23% and thousand kernel weight (TKW) by 27.56% due to spot blotch and terminal heat stress, respectively. The genetic analysis using 6734 SNP markers identified 37 significant loci for the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and NDVI. The genome-wide functional annotation of the SNP markers revealed gene functions such as plant chitinases, NB-ARC and NBS-LRR, and the peroxidase superfamily Cytochrome P450 have a positive role in the resistance through a hypersensitive response. Zinc finger domains, cysteine protease coding gene, F-box protein, ubiquitin, and associated proteins, play a substantial role in the combined stress of spot blotch and terminal heat in bread wheat, according to genomic domains ascribed to them. The study also highlights T. speltoides as a source of resistance to spot blotch and terminal heat tolerance. © 2022 by the authors.
OsbZIP76 interacts with OsNF-YBs and regulates endosperm cellularization in rice (Oryza sativa)
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2020) Baixiao Niu; Hui Deng; Tingting Li; Sandeep Sharma; Qianbin Yun; Qianru Li; E. Zhiguo; Chen Chen
Following double fertilization, plant endosperm nuclei undergo syncytial divisions, followed by synchronous cellularization. Cellularization is a key event during endosperm development, but our understanding of its regulation is limited to Arabidopsis. In this study we show that OsbZIP76 regulates cellularization in rice (Oryza sativa). Activation of OsbZIP76 coincided with the initiation of cellularization, and its knockdown or knockout mutants exhibited precocious cellularization. Genes involved in endosperm development or starch biosynthesis were prematurely activated in the osbzip76 caryopsis. As a putative transcription factor, OsbZIP76 alone lacked transcriptional activation activity; however, it interacted with the nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) family transcription factors OsNF-YB9 and OsNF-YB1 in yeast and in planta. OsbZIP76 and OsNF-YB9 were predominantly expressed in the endosperm and the proteins colocalized. Seeds of osnf-yb1 and osbzip76 mutants showed reduced size and reduced apparent amylose content. The parent-of-origin-dependent expression of OsbZIP76 is variable in different rice accessions. In summary, OsbZIP76 is an endosperm-expressed imprinted gene that regulates endosperm development in rice. © 2020 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Resilience in primary metabolism contributes to salt stress adaptation in Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.)
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022) Jayant Kulkarni; Sandeep Sharma; Sripati A. Sahoo; Shefali Mishra; Tukaram D. Nikam; Mahesh Borde; Suprasanna Penna; Ashish K. Srivastava
Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) is a facultative halophyte that grows in subtropical coastal sides of the eastern and western regions of India. In the present study, the activation of antioxidant machinery was observed at 8 and 24 h after 250 mM NaCl stress treatment. Further, GC–MS/MS based metabolomics was performed, independently in root (NR8 and NR24) and shoot (NS8 and NS24). A total of 53 and 62 metabolites were detected in roots and shoots, respectively, that mainly included sugars, amino acids, organic acids and polyols. On the basis of statistical significance, sucrose and ethanolamine were identified as differentially altered metabolites (DAMs) shared under all the treatment conditions. Heat-map based clustering analysis substantiated the role of sugars and amino acids in NR8; while, sugars in NS8/NS24 treatments. For most of the DAMs, extent of change at NR24 was significantly dampened than NR8, which also coincided with reduced correlation strength between different metabolite groups, indicating partial metabolite restoration. The enrichment analysis identified sugars, amino acid and TCA cycle metabolism as major pathways altered under salt stress conditions. A total of 30 metabolomic datasets from 7 different halophytes, including the present study, were utilized to perform meta-analysis. On the basis of cumulative pathway score (CPS) of both root and shoot, aspartate–alanine–glutamate (290.62) was identified as the most significant pathway followed by arginine biosynthesis (0.62) and glyoxylate–dicarboxylate metabolism (0.46) that significantly contributed to salt-adaptation in halophytes. Thus, the holistic analysis of salt-responsive metabolites/pathways from halophytes will pave the way for enhancing salt-tolerance in crop plants. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.