Browsing by Author "Sandip Kumar"

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A Comparative Evaluation of Topical Application Versus Perilesional Injection of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Diabetic Foot Ulcer
(SAGE Publications Inc., 2025) Digumarthi Asha Rani; Seema Khanna; Shashi Prakash Mishra; Sandip Kumar
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is globally a major health burden predisposing to limb amputation. Among the various treatment modalities, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is emerging as a promising agent. It stimulates wound healing by providing a higher concentration of essential growth factors locally. Though the role of PRP in DFU healing is established, still the route of administration with maximal efficacy is yet to be defined. Our study aims to evaluate the efficacy of autologous PRP in the treatment of diabetic ulcers and compare the effect of topical and perilesional injections of PRP in DFU healing. We conducted a single-centre, prospective, interventional study on 60 patients with DFU, in 2 groups of 30 patients each. They were treated with freshly prepared autologous PRP injection perilesionally and topically respectively, once a week for 4 weeks. Ulcer size was assessed, using “imito-measure” software at presentation and 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-therapy. Serum MMP-9 levels were assessed in both groups, pretreatment and post-treatment. For statistical analysis, SPSS software V-23 was used. On assessment, both groups had comparable baseline characteristics, Wagner's grading, and glycemic indices. The percentage reduction in the size of the wound at 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months was greater in the perilesional group as compared to the topical PRP group. © The Author(s) 2023
A Comparative Evaluation of Topical Application Versus Perilesional Injection of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Diabetic Foot Ulcer
(SAGE Publications Inc., 2023) Digumarthi Asha Rani; Seema Khanna; S.P. Mishra; Sandip Kumar
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is globally a major health burden predisposing to limb amputation. Among the various treatment modalities, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is emerging as a promising agent. It stimulates wound healing by providing a higher concentration of essential growth factors locally. Though the role of PRP in DFU healing is established, still the route of administration with maximal efficacy is yet to be defined. Our study aims to evaluate the efficacy of autologous PRP in the treatment of diabetic ulcers and compare the effect of topical and perilesional injections of PRP in DFU healing. We conducted a single-centre, prospective, interventional study on 60 patients with DFU, in 2 groups of 30 patients each. They were treated with freshly prepared autologous PRP injection perilesionally and topically respectively, once a week for 4 weeks. Ulcer size was assessed, using “imito-measure” software at presentation and 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-therapy. Serum MMP-9 levels were assessed in both groups, pretreatment and post-treatment. For statistical analysis, SPSS software V-23 was used. On assessment, both groups had comparable baseline characteristics, Wagner's grading, and glycemic indices. The percentage reduction in the size of the wound at 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months was greater in the perilesional group as compared to the topical PRP group. © The Author(s) 2023.
A retrospective clinicopathological study of inherited bleeding disorders in a tertiary care centre of Uttar Pradesh
(Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2022) Deepa Rani; Pawan Pandey; Anu Singh; Sandip Kumar
BACKGROUND: Inherited Bleeding Disorders (IBD) include various disease that reflect abnormalities of primary and secondary hemostasis. The pathophysiology of these disorders can be explained on the basis of vessel wall abnormalities, platelet disorders and coagulation factor defects. To further elaborate and enhance our understanding on these disorders, a 6-year retrospective study (2014-2020) was conducted on the patients referred to the coagulation section of the Hematology Department (Department of Pathology, IMS BHU). These included the ones who had suffered from bleeding tendencies at one or more sites with other relevant clinical history. AIM:-This study was aimed to assess the prevalence, clinical spectrum, and haematological profile of inherited bleeding disorder among patients of Eastern UP and Bihar. It also focussed on various epidemiological factors including age, sex, family inheritance and consanguinity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred and two patients matched our criteria. The age of these patients ranged from neonate to 50. A detailed relevant clinical history was taken for all the patients. These categories of patients were screened with routine tests like platelet count, Prothrombin Time (PT), Active Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT), Breathing Time (BT), Clotting Time (CT) and a Complete Blood Cell Count (CBC). A factor assay was performed if indicated by the results of the screening assays. RESULTS: Out of 302 patients, 280patients (92.70%) were diagnosed with factor VIII deficiency. This category further comprised of 63.57% Hemophilia A cases (n=192), and 12.58%hemophilia B cases (n=38). Another cluster of 16.55% were diagnosed as Von Willebrand Disease (n=50). Also, a subset of the total patient population (7.30%) was diagnosed with an entity called Rare Inherited Coagulation Deficiency (RICD) which was further designated on the basis of specific factor assays. Most common clinical feature encountered was hematoma followed by ecchymosis, hemarthrosis, gum bleeding and epistaxis. CONCLUSION: The most common IBD was Hemophilia A in this subcategory of patients. Children under 5 year age were most affected making it the most vulnerable age group amounting to 38.73% of all recorded cases. Male population was more affected forming majority of the patients. Sporadic cases were more common than the inherited ones. © RJPT. All right reserved.
Assessment of Airway Inflammation by Induced Sputum in Children with Persistent Asthma
(Springer, 2024) Chandradeep Srivastava; Anil Kumar Saroj; Sandip Kumar; Sunil Kumar Rao
[No abstract available]
Chédiak-higashi syndrome: A case report
(2013) Shashikant C. U. Patne; Sandip Kumar; Narendra Kumar Bagri; Ashok Kumar; Jyoti Shukla
Chédiak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive immunodeficiency disorder. Approximately 200 cases have been reported worldwide. To the best of our knowledge, not more than 10 cases have been reported from India. Herein we are reporting a case of CHS in one-and-half-year-old boy who presented to us in the accelerated phase of disease. Other syndromes presenting with similar clinical features have also been discussed. © 2012 Indian Society of Haematology & Transfusion Medicine.
Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Alleviating Split Skin Graft Morbidities
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2024) Veda Samhitha Chigurupati; Seema Khanna; Sandip Kumar; Rahul Khanna
Introduction: Skin grafting is a routinely employed technique to cover the skin defect. Though the skin grafts are technically effortless, they are tiresome because of the prolonged duration of hospital stay, labor–intensive, demanding repeated dressings, and also create a second wound. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is one that has a higher concentration of platelets than the blood. Alpha granules of the platelets are rich in growth factors. Aims and Objectives: To assess the effect of PRP on split-thickness skin graft uptake and donor site healing. Materials and Methods: In a single-center-based prospective study done from August 2018 to June 2020, 60 patients with acute and chronic wounds were divided into two equal groups. Autologous PRP was applied on the recipient wound bed and donor site in PRP group, and conventional methods like staples/sutures were used to anchor the skin grafts and standard of care of the donor site in a control group. Results: Instantaneous graft adhesion was observed in all patients of PRP group. The first graft inspection was delayed. Seroma, hematoma, total number of dressings, and duration of stay in hospital were significantly reduced in the PRP group. Donor site pain in the postoperative period was notably reduced in PRP group. PRP also remarkably hastened the donor site healing. Conclusion: The application of PRP promotes graft take, minimizes complications, enhances donor site wound healing, mitigates donor site pain, and has immense economic benefits due to the reduced number of dressing changes and shorter hospital stay. © 2023 Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery.
GPIIb/IIIa Receptor Targeted Rutin Loaded Liposomes for Site-Specific Antithrombotic Effect
(American Chemical Society, 2023) Vishnu Priya; Sanjeev K. Singh; Ravindran Revand; Sandip Kumar; Abhishesh Kumar Mehata; Paulraj Sushmitha; Sanjeev Kumar Mahto; Madaswamy S. Muthu
Rutin (RUT) is a flavonoid obtained from a natural source and is reported for antithrombotic potential, but its delivery remains challenging because of its poor solubility and bioavailability. In this research, we have fabricated novel rutin loaded liposomes (RUT-LIPO, nontargeted), liposomes conjugated with RGD peptide (RGD-RUT-LIPO, targeted), and abciximab (ABX-RUT-LIPO, targeted) by ethanol injection method. The particle size, ζ potential, and morphology of prepared liposomes were analyzed by using DLS, SEM, and TEM techniques. The conjugation of targeting moiety on the surface of targeted liposomes was confirmed by XPS analysis and Bradford assay. In vitro assessment such as blood clot assay, aPTT assay, PT assay, and platelet aggregation analysis was performed using human blood which showed the superior antithrombotic potential of ABX-RUT-LIPO and RGD-RUT-LIPO liposomes. The clot targeting efficiency was evaluated by in vitro imaging and confocal laser scanning microscopy. A significant (P < 0.05) rise in the affinity of targeted liposomes toward activated platelets was demonstrated that revealed their remarkable potential in inhibiting thrombus formation. Furthermore, an in vivo study executed on Sprague Dawley rats (FeCl3model) demonstrated improved antithrombotic activity of RGD-RUT-LIPO and ABX-RUT-LIPO compared with pure drug. The pharmacokinetic study performed on rats demonstrates the increase in bioavailability when administered as liposomal formulation as compared to RUT. Moreover, the tail bleeding assay and clotting time study (Swiss Albino mice) indicated a better antithrombotic efficacy of targeted liposomes than control preparations. Additionally, biocompatibility of liposomal formulations was determined by an in vitro hemolysis study and cytotoxicity assay, which showed that they were hemocompatible and safe for human use. A histopathology study on rats suggested no severe toxicity of prepared liposomal formulations. Thus, RUT encapsulated nontargeted and targeted liposomes exhibited superior antithrombotic potential over RUT and could be used as a promising carrier for future use. © 2023 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Haemostatic profile of patients with chronic liver disease- Its correlation with severity and outcome
(Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2017) Varnika Rai; Neeraj Dhameja; Sandip Kumar; Jyoti Shukla; Rajeev Singh; Vinod Kumar Dixit
Introduction: The liver plays an important role in the haemostatic system as it synthesizes the majority of coagulation factors and fibrinolytic proteins. Aim: The present study was planned to determine the range of haemostatic defects in patients of chronic liver diseases. Materials and Methods: Test performed included Prothrombin Time (PT), activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT), Thrombin Time (TT), Fibrinogen, Protein C, D Dimer and platelet count. Comparisons between groups frequencies and groups means were made using Chi square test and Student’s t-test, respectively. Results: In cirrhosis group PT, aPTT, TT and D Dimer level were significantly increased compared to Chronic Hepatitis (CH) and control group (p<0.001 for all comparisons). Serum fibrinogen, Protein C and platelet count were significantly reduced in cirrhosis patients compared to CH and control group. (p<0.001 for all comparisons). All studied coagulation parameters were within normal limit in CH group. However, statistically significant difference was found in protein C and mean platelet count in CH group compared to control (p=0.03 and p<0.001 respectively). No evidence of bleeding or thrombosis was present in study group. Conclusion: In cirrhosis patients severe derangement in both anti and procoagulant factors occurs. Haemostatic profile in chronic hepatitis patient remains within normal limits. © 2017, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All rights reserved.
Immunohistochemical expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and p53 in gastric adenocarcinoma: A pilot study from North India
(Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2017) Shashikant C. U. Patne; V.B. Abhilash; Vinod Kumar Dixit; Richa Katiyar; Sandip Kumar; Gyan Prakash Singh
Introduction: After the recent approval of Trastuzumab (anti-HER2 antibody) for the treatment of HER2 overexpressed Gastric Adenocarcinoma (GA), importance of HER2 testing is increasingly recognized. However, there is paucity of studies for HER2 overexpression in the Indian patients of GA. Similarly, study of p53 expression in the Indian patients of GA is infrequent. Aim: To study immunohistochemical expression of HER2 and p53 in gastric adenocarcinoma biopsy samples. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study. The expressions of HER2 and p53 by immunohistochemistry were analyzed in 50 cases of GA. The HER2 expression was scored as negative (0 and 1+), equivocal (2+), and overexpression (3+). The p53 expression was quantified as negative (0-9% tumour cells) and positive (≥10% tumour cells). The intensity of p53 expression was assessed as strong and weak. Results: Mean age of the patients was 56.8±14.8 years. Male: female ratio was 2:1. Histological types of adenocarcinoma were intestinal (68%), diffuse (28%), and indeterminate (4%). HER2 overexpression and equivocal results were present in 10% cases, each. Overall, a positive expression of p53 was seen in 72% (strong and weak intensities: 66.7% and 33.3% cases, respectively). Conclusion: As compared to HER2 overexpression, a higher incidence of p53 expression was seen (10% vs.72%) in GA. © 2017, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All rights reserved.
Interleukin 6 and disease transformation in chronic myeloid leukemia: A Northeast Indian population study
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2020) Kavyanjali Sharma; Usha Singh; Madhukar Rai; Jyoti Shukla; Vineeta Gupta; Gopeshwar Narayan; Sandip Kumar
Background: Interleukin 6 (IL6) has been suggested to be a valuable prognostic marker in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). IL6 is a pleiotropic cytokine and plays an important role in immune response, hematopoiesis, and acute phase response. IL6 is regarded as a prominent target for clinical interventions. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the serum levels of IL6 in CML to provide greater insight to their role in disease transformation in Indian patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 CML cases and 10 acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) cases along with 20 healthy controls were included in the study between 2015 and 2016. About 4 mL blood samples were collected from all cases in plain vial and serum was separated. Levels of IL6 were determined in all cases by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The study suggests that both ALL and CML are associated with significantly elevated serum IL6 level than the healthy control group. Mean levels of serum IL6 are 223.4 ± 53.403 pg/mL in CML, 71.020 ± 29.549 pg/mL in ALL, and 5.360 ± 0.467 pg/mL in healthy control group. Serum IL6 correlated with different phases of CML. Mean IL6 levels are 50.93 ± 29.37 pg/mL in chronic phase (CP), 69.02 ± 22.60 pg/mL in accelerated phase (AP), and 652.77 ± 124.62 pg/mL in blast crisis (BC) phase of CML. In compared to CP and AP, in BC, IL-6 is significantly elevated ( P = 0.00 and 0.00, respectively); however, we did not find a significant difference in IL-6 serum levels between CP and AP ( P = 0.703). Conclusion: Study suggests that the detection of IL6 level in newly diagnosed patient can predict the severity of the disease. There might be association of level of IL6 with the disease transformation. © 2017 Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.
Invasive papillary carcinoma of the male breast misdiagnosed as fibroadenoma on FNAB
(Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2017) Richa Katiyar; Shashikant C. U. Patne; Sandip Kumar; Rahul Khanna
Male breast cancers constitute less than 1% of all the breast cancers. Papillary carcinoma is a very rare tumour of the male breast. Due to rarity, Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) findings of papillary carcinoma in male breast are seldom reported. A 55-year-old male presented with a lump in the left breast of two years’ duration. FNAB was reported as fibroadenoma. Histopathological examination of the excised breast lump revealed invasive papillary carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry showed expression of pancytokeratin, oestrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor. Negative immunostaining was seen for HER2, p53, 34βE12, and CD34. Ki-67 proliferative index was 5%. We have discussed cytological findings of invasive papillary carcinoma and its differential diagnoses. Cytopathologists must be aware of cytologic findings of invasive papillary carcinoma of the male breast. © 2017, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All rights reserved.
Morbidity pattern and their socio-demographic co-relates among rural primary school children in eastern Uttar Pradesh: A cross-sectional study
(Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine, 2014) Amit Kaushik; Akash Bansal; Pankaj Kumar Jain; Sandip Kumar; Rajesh Kumar Yadav; Sri Prakash Singh
Research question: What is the morbidity pattern among primary school children in rural area of Varanasi and what their socio-demographic co-relates are? Objective: To study the morbidity pattern among of primary school children in rural Varanasi and to find out various socio-demographic correlates associated with morbidity. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Setting: Four primary schools from Chiraigaon Community Development Block of Varanasi were selected for study purpose. Participants: Eight hundred and sixteen students from four schools were included in the study by total enumeration of the students present on the day of survey. Results: The present cross-sectional study revealed overall more prevalence of morbidity among female students (86.1%) as compared to their male counterparts (84.4%). Children belonging to scheduled caste, socio-economic status class IV, those whose parents were illiterate and those belonging to joint family had higher prevalence of any morbidity. Caste, socio-economic status, parents' education and type of family were significantly associated with morbidity among school children. Conclusion: Prevalence of morbidities was found to be 2.3 morbidities per child (prevalence) and 2.8 morbidities per sick child. Female students suffered more in comparison to their male counterparts. Nutritional deficiencies were most prevalent. Socio-economic status, caste, literacy of parents and type of family had significant association with morbidity.
Prevalence and spectrum of von Willebrand disease in Eastern Uttar Pradesh
(Medknow Publications, 2010) Sandip Kumar; Ruchi Kishore; Vineeta Gupta; Madhu Jain; Jyoti Shukla
Context: Von Willebrand disease is the most common inherited bleeding disorder with a prevalence of 1% in the general population. Studies available from India are limited, showing a prevalence of 10% of vWD amongst inherited bleeding disorders. Aims: This study aims to know the prevalence and subtypes of vWD in patients presenting with various bleeding manifestations to university hospital. Settings and Design: We investigated 840 patients presenting with bleeding manifestations in the period from August 2004 to August 2008 for bleeding disorders. Materials and Methods: Tests performed for the diagnosis of vWD included platelet count, bleeding time (BT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), Factor VIII:C assay, von Willebrand Factor Antigen assay and Ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation. Results: Amongst 840 patients, 230 (27.38%) had inherited bleeding disorder. Out of these, 40 (17.39%) patients were identified as vWD. Type 1 in 17 (42.5%), Type 2 in 11 (27.5%) and Type 3 vWD was present in 12 (30.0%) patients. Patients' age ranged from five months to 45 years, with 17 males and 23 females. Positive family history was seen in 12 patients (30%). Muco-cutaneous bleeding was the most common presentation. Menorrhagia was present in 100% women of reproductive age group, and hemarthrosis was seen in two male patients. Conclusions: We felt that Type I vWD with infrequent and mild bleeding episodes remain undiagnosed either because of unawareness of the disease in society or due to paucity of diagnostic facilities available in our country. Therefore, an awareness program along with enhancement of diagnostic facilities for vWD is required in our country to identify these patients for proper management thus avoiding hemorrhagic complications.
Prevalence of Antineutrophil cytoplasmic Antibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and its relevance with Clinical manifestations
(Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2024) Bitan Naik; Mahima Yadav; Vikas Kailashiya; Anu Singh; Anup Singh; Sandip Kumar
Background: Role of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) and its association with clinical manifestations is not completely understood. Prevalence data of ANCA in SLE patients of Indian population is limited. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study is to measure the prevalence of ANCAs in SLE patients and study its association with clinical manifestations of SLE. Material and Methods: Total 92 patients of SLE cases were included in this prospective observational study. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data was collected in all patients. Serum levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA, proteinase 3 (PR3)-ANCA, antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-dsDNA antibody and extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) antibodies were measured by enzyme immune assay methods. Serum Complement C3 and C4 estimation was done by nephelometer. Unpaired t test was used to find the significance difference in mean value between ANCA positive and ANCA negative group. Chi-square test was used to compare categorical data of two groups. Results: Nineteen cases (20.65%) showed ANCA positivity. Ten cases were positive for PR3-ANCA and seven cases were positive for MPO-ANCA. Two cases were detected with dual MPO and PR3-ANCA. Nephritis was significantly more common in ANCA positive SLE patients. Rest all of clinical manifestations, anti-dsDNA antibody positivity, ENAs antibodies positivity and reduction in complement level did not show any significant correlation with presence of ANCA antibody. Conclusion: In contrast to results of earlier studies, PR3-ANCA was more prevalent in our study population. Renal system involvement was significantly high in ANCA positive SLE patients as compared to ANCA negative patients. © RJPT All right reserved 24; 17(10):5065-5070.
Prevalence of transfusion transmissible infection in blood donors at tertiary care centre of eastern Uttar Pradesh
(J. K. Welfare and Pharmascope Foundation, 2020) Sandip Kumar; Neeraj Dhameja; Satendra Kumar; Sunil Rao; Lalit Prashant Meena; Satyendra Kumar Singh; Neelam Singh
Microbiological safety is very important aspect of blood transfusion services (BTS). Viral infectious agents possess a great risk of transfusion transmitted disease. On the one hand, blood or component transfusion is a lifesav-ing modality but on the other hand it can cause great mortality or morbid-ity in recipient if not used judiciously. The main aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, Syphilis and Malaria amongst all types of donors donated at blood bank of Sir Sunderlal Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi during the year 2017. This was a retrospective study. The blood donors included in this study include all donors coming directly to blood bank and blood donation camps orga-nized by blood bank. Total donation during that period was 22255 units. A detailed questionnaire was given to the donors for registration. A total of 226 units (1.01%) were seropositive. The sero-prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, and Syphilis were 0.9% (21), 0.79% (177), 0.09% (22), 0.02% (6) respectively. No cases of malaria were detected. TTI can be reduced by motivating maximum voluntary blood donation, reducing replacement donation, public information and donor education awareness programme, stringent donor screening criteria and vigilance of error. © 2020 International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Primary high-grade testicular leiomyosarcoma
(2009) Mohan Kumar; Shashikant Patne; Sandip Kumar; V. Shukla
We herein present an extremely rare occurrence of primary intratesticular leiomyosarcoma. A 65-year-old patient presented with painless enlargement of the right testis. A high inguinal orchiectomy was done. Histopathological examination of the excised mass was consistent with high-grade leiomyosarcoma. Pertinent literature is reviewed and the importance of excluding the germ cell tumor and the paratesticular neoplasm is emphasized.
Role of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and IL-6 as Novel Prognostic Markers in Varicose Veins
(Springer, 2023) Satyendra K. Tiwary; Achintya Ajaya; Sandip Kumar; Puneet Kumar; Ajay K. Khanna
Varicose veins represent one of the most frequent vascular diseases. Their pathogenic mechanisms are not well understood. Role of inflammation in pathophysiology of varicose veins is an area of ongoing research. In varicose veins, there are increased levels of inflammatory markers. The purpose of study was to evaluate role of inflammatory marker, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and IL-6 in blood in disease progression, development of complications, and recurrence after treatment in patients with varicose veins. This study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. A total of 40 patients with varicose veins were enrolled between June 2018 and September 2020. Serum concentration of IL‐6 was determined by DIA source Immuno Assays, Belgium IL-6 ELISA kit KAP126. This kit is based on the standard sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay technology which employs a monoclonal antibody specific for human IL‐6 coated on a 96‐well plate. This ELISA kit showed no cross-reactivity with other relevant proteins. Complete blood counts were done in automated analyzer. Blood smear was stained, fixed, and differential leucocyte counts calculated using microscopy. In our study, mean NLR at presentation in patients with and without postoperative complications was 4.33 ± 0.40 and 3.22 ± 0.80 respectively, with statistically significant difference (p = 0.001). Mean serum IL-6 levels at presentation in patients with and without postoperative complications were 4.02 ± 0.54 and 2.65 ± 1.32 pg/ml respectively, with statistically significant difference (p = 0.007). Thus, NLR and IL-6 levels at presentation may have a role as a prognostic factor. NLR and IL-6 levels can be utilized to screen patients likely to develop postoperative complications and recurrence. © 2021, Association of Surgeons of India.
Use of jaggery and honey as adjunctive cytological fixatives to ethanol for oral smears
(Medknow Publications, 2017) Deepak Pandiar; Harakh Chand Baranwal; Sandip Kumar; Vellaichamy Ganesan; Piyush Kumar Sonkar; Kausik Chattopadhyay
Background: Ethanol has satisfactorily been used as cyto-fixative. Owing to its limitations, pathologists have always searched for new fixatives. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of two natural sweeteners as cyto-fixatives. An attempt has also been made to understand the underlying mechanism by which these fixatives fix the oral mucosal cells. Materials and Methods: Three smears were collected from 25 healthy volunteers. One smear was fixed in ethanol and the other two in 20% aqueous honey solution and 30% aqueous jaggery solution for 15-30 min followed by Papanicolaou staining. Slides were evaluated for nuclear staining, cytoplasmic staining, cell morphology, clarity of staining and uniformity of staining randomly irrespective of the fixatives. Chi-square test and Bonferroni post hoc test were done using SPSS software. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. In addition, cytological fixatives were analyzed for the pH and amount of reducing sugars. Results: It was found that for all the characteristics studied, no statistically significant difference was seen between the three fixatives. The pH of the both tested fixatives remained acidic even after 1 week. The amount of reducing sugars in 20% aqueous honey solution and 30% aqueous jaggery solution was 19.3 g/100 mL and 2.07 g/100 mL, respectively. Conclusion: Both the test fixatives gave results equivalent to ethanol and thus can be used as alternative fixatives for oral smears. It is proposed that 20% aqueous honey and 30% aqueous jaggery fix the oral smears satisfactorily in a mechanism akin to ethanol by coagulating and denaturing proteins. © 2017 Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.