Browsing by Author "Sandra B. Munro"

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Author Correction: Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017 (Nature Medicine, (2020), 26, 5, (750-759), 10.1038/s41591-020-0807-6)
(Nature Research, 2020) Damaris K. Kinyoki; Jennifer M. Ross; Alice Lazzar-Atwood; Sandra B. Munro; Lauren E. Schaeffer; Mahdieh Abbasalizad-Farhangi; Masoumeh Abbasi; Hedayat Abbastabar; Ahmed Abdelalim; Amir Abdoli; Mohammad Abdollahi; Ibrahim Abdollahpour; Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader; Nebiyu Dereje Abebe; Teshome Abuka Abebo; Kedir Hussein Abegaz; Hassan Abolhassani; Lucas Guimarães Abreu; Michael R. M. Abrigo; Abdelrahman I. Abushouk; Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi; Dilaram Acharya; Maryam Adabi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi; Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji; Victor Adekanmbi; Abiodun Moshood Adeoye; Olatunji O. Adetokunboh; Davoud Adham; Posi Emmanuel Aduroja; Shailesh M. Advani; Mohsen Afarideh; Mohammad Aghaali; Anurag Agrawal; Tauseef Ahmad; Keivan Ahmadi; Sepideh Ahmadi; Muktar Beshir Ahmed; Rushdia Ahmed; Olufemi Ajumobi; Chalachew Genet Akal; Temesgen Yihunie Akalu; Tomi Akinyemiju; Blessing Akombi; Ziyad Al-Aly; Samiah Alam; Genet Melak Alamene; Turki M. Alanzi; Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde Rabanal; Niguse Meles Alema; Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali; Muhammad Ali; Mehran Alijanzadeh; Cyrus Alinia; Vahid Alipour; Hesam Alizade; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; Afshin Almasi; Amir Almasi-Hashiani; Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi; Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi; Khalid Altirkawi; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk; Azmeraw T. Amare; Adeladza Kofi Amegah; Saeed Amini; Mostafa Amini Rarani; Fatemeh Amiri; Arianna Maever Loreche Amit; Nahla Hamed Anber; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Fereshteh Ansari; Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam; Zelalem Alamrew Anteneh; Carl Abelardo T. Antonio; Ernoiz Antriyandarti; Davood Anvari; Razique Anwer; Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah; Jalal Arabloo; Morteza Arab-Zozani; Ephrem Mebrahtu Araya; Zohreh Arefi; Olatunde Aremu; Johan Ärnlöv; Afsaneh Arzani; Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi; Ali A. Asadi-Pooya; Samaneh Asgari; Babak Asghari; Alebachew Fasil Ashagre; Anemaw A. Asrat; Bahar Ataeinia; Hagos Tasew Atalay; Desta Debalkie Atnafu; Maha Moh’d Wahbi Atout; Marcel Ausloos; Euripide F. G. A. Avokpaho; Ashish Awasthi; Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla; Martin Amogre Ayanore; Yared A. Asmare Aynalem; Abbas Azadmehr; Samad Azari; Ghasem Azarian; Zelalem Nigussie Azene; Ebrahim Babaee; Alaa Badawi; Ashish D. Badiye; Mohamad Amin Bahrami; Atif Amin A. Baig; Ahad Bakhtiari; Shankar M. Bakkannavar; Senthilkumar Balakrishnan; Ayele Geleto Bali; Maciej Banach; Palash Chandra Banik; Zahra Baradaran-Seyed; Adhanom Gebreegziabher Baraki; Miguel A. Barboza; Till Winfried Bärnighausen; Lingkan Barua; Huda Basaleem; Sanjay Basu; Mohsen Bayati; Mulat Tirfie Bayih; Habtamu Wondifraw Baynes; Neeraj Bedi; Masoud Behzadifar; Meysam Behzadifar; Yibeltal Alemu Bekele; Derrick A. Bennett; Dessalegn Ajema Berbada; Kidanemaryam Berhe; Abadi Kidanemariam Berhe; Adam E. Berman; Robert S. Bernstein; Reshmi Bhageerathy; Dinesh Bhandari; Pankaj Bharadwaj; Natalia V. Bhattacharjee; Krittika Bhattacharyya; Ali Bijani; Boris Bikbov; Ver Bilano; Nigus Bililign; Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed; Setognal Birara; Minuye Biniam Biniam Birhane; Minyichil Birhanu; Raaj Kishore Biswas; Zebenay Workneh Bitew; Kassawmar Angaw Bogale; Somayeh Bohlouli; Srinivasa Rao Bolla; Archith Boloor; Antonio M. Borzì; Shiva Borzouei; Oliver J. Brady; Nicola Luigi Bragazzi; Dejana Braithwaite; Nikolay Ivanovich Briko; Gabrielle Britton; Shyam S. Budhathoki; Sharath Burugina Nagaraja; Reinhard Busse; Zahid A. Butt; Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado; Luis Alberto Cámera; Ismael R. Campos-Nonato; Jorge Cano; Josip Car; Rosario Cárdenas; Juan J. Carrero; Félix Carvalho; João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia; Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela; Franz Castro; Ester Cerin; Collins Chansa; Jaykaran Charan; Pranab Chatterjee; Vijay Kumar Chattu; Bal Govind Chauhan; Ali Reza Chavshin; Mohammad Chehrazi; Tesfaye Yitna Chichiabellu; Ken Lee Chin; Devasahayam J. Christopher; Dinh-Toi Chu; Flavia M. Cicuttini; Michael L. Collison; Michael A. Cork; Natalie Cormier; Paolo Angelo Cortesi; Vera M. Costa; Abel Fekadu Fekadu Dadi; Baye Dagnew; Saad M. A. Dahlawi; Giovanni Damiani; Amira Hamed Darwish; Ahmad Daryani; Jai K. Das; Rajat Das Gupta; Claudio Dávila-Cervantes; Nicole Davis Weaver; Diego De Leo; Jan-Walter De Neve; Feleke Mekonnen Demeke; Asmamaw Bizuneh Demis; Dereje Bayissa Demissie; Gebre Teklemariam Demoz; Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez; Kebede Deribe; Rupak Desai; Beruk Berhanu Desalegn; Assefa Desalew; Aniruddha Deshpande; Sagnik Dey; Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne; Preeti Dhillon; Meghnath Dhimal; Govinda Prasad Dhungana; Mostafa Dianati Nasab; Daniel Diaz; Zahra Sadat Dibaji Forooshani; Girmaye Deye Dinsa; Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu; Shirin Djalalinia; Hoa Thi Do; Huyen Phuc Do; Paul Narh Doku; Fariba Dorostkar; Leila Doshmangir; Manisha Dubey; Bereket Duko Adema; Susanna J. Dunachie; Bruce B. Duncan; Ewerton Cousin; Andre R. Durães; Lucas Earl; Hamed Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo; Aziz Eftekhari; Iman El Sayed; Maysaa El Sayed Zaki; Maha El Tantawi; Iffat Elbarazi; Demelash Abewa Elemineh; Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary; Ziad El-Khatib; Aisha Elsharkawy; Yasser Mohamed El-Sherbiny; Iqbal R. F. Elyazar; Mohammad Hassan Emamian; Shymaa Enany; Daniel Adane Endalew; Melese Linger Endalifer; Khalil Eskandari; Sharareh Eskandarieh; Saman Esmaeilnejad; Alireza Esteghamati; Arash Etemadi; Atkilt Esaiyas Etisso; Jessica Fanzo; Mohammad Farahmand; Anwar Faraj; Sajjad Farashi; Mohammad Fareed; Andrea Farioli; Andre Faro; Farshad Farzadfar; Hossein Farzam; Syeda Sadia Fatima; Nazir Fattahi; Nelsensius Klau Fauk; Ali Akbar Fazaeli; Netsanet Fentahun; Tomas Y. Ferede; Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad; Eduarda Fernandes; João C. Fernandes; Garumma Tolu Feyissa; Irina Filip; Florian Fischer; Carsten Flohr; Nataliya A. Foigt; Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan; Artem Alekseevich Fomenkov; Masoud Foroutan; Jana Förster; Joel Msafiri Francis; Takeshi Fukumoto; Reta Tsegaye Gayesa; Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam; Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot; Hadush Gebremariam; Kidane Tadesse Gebremariam; Ketema Bizuwork Bizuwork Gebremedhin; Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel; Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Gebreslassie; Gebretsadkan G. G. Gebretsadik; Getnet Azeze Gedefaw; Yilma Chisha Dea Geramo; Hailay Abrha Gesesew; Birhanu Geta; Agegnehu Bante Getenet; Kebede Embaye Gezae; Fatemeh Ghaffarifar; Mansour Ghafourifard; Alireza Ghajar; Mahsa Ghajarzadeh; Ahmad Ghashghaee; Hesam Ghiasvand; Asadollah Gholamian; Syed Amir Gilani; Tiffany K. Gill; Ibrahim Abdelmageed Ginawi; Srinivas Goli; Nelson G. M. Gomes; Sameer Vali Gopalani; Houman Goudarzi; Alessandra C. Goulart; Arunkumar Govindakarnavar; Ayman Grada; Michal Grivna; Rafael Alves Guimarães; Rashid Abdi Guled; Yuming Guo; Rahul Gupta; Rajeev Gupta; Nima Hafezi-Nejad; Michael Tamene Haile; Arvin Haj-Mirzaian; Arya Haj-Mirzaian; Brian J. Hall; Iman Halvaei; Randah R. Hamadeh; Yadollah Hamidi; Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso; Graeme J. Hankey; Hamidreza Haririan; Ninuk Hariyani; Ahmed I. Hasaballah; Md. Mehedi Hasan; Milad Hasankhani; Edris Hasanpoor; Amir Hasanzadeh; Maryam Hashemian; Soheil Hassanipour; Hamid Yimam Hassen; Rasmus Havmoeller; Corinna Hawkes; Khezar Hayat; Desta Haftu Hayelom; Behnam Heidari; Reza Heidari-Soureshjani; Delia Hendrie; Andualem Henok; Nathaniel J. Henry; Mario Herrero; Claudiu Herteliu; Fatemeh Heydarpour; Hagos D. de Hidru; Chi Linh Hoang; Hans W. Hoek; Michael K. Hole; Ramesh Holla; Gillian Hollerich; Enayatollah Homaie Rad; Sung Hwi Hong; Praveen Hoogar; Masako Horino; Naznin Hossain; Mostafa Hosseini; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Mihaela Hostiuc; Sorin Hostiuc; Mowafa Househ; Mohamed Hsairi; Guoqing Hu; Tanvir M. Huda; Ayesha Humayun; Bing-Fang Hwang; Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Milena D. Ilic; Mohammad Hasan Imani-Nasab; Leeberk Raja Inbaraj; Usman Iqbal; Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani; Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam; Chidozie C. D. Iwu; Chinwe Juliana Iwu; Neda Izadi; Jalil Jaafari; Anelisa Jaca; Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh; Nader Jafari Balalami; Morteza Jafarinia; Mohammad Ali Jahani; Mihajlo Jakovljevic; Amir Jalali; Farzad Jalilian; Achala Upendra Jayatilleke; Panniyammakal Jeemon; Fyezah Jehan; Ensiyeh Jenabi; Ravi Prakash Jha; Vivekanand Jha; John S. Ji; Peng Jia; Oommen John; Yetunde O. John-Akinola; Kimberly B. Johnson; Jost B. Jonas; Nitin Joseph; Farahnaz Joukar; Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak; Suresh Banayya Jungari; Mikk Jürisson; Ali Kabir; Zubair Kabir; Amaha Kahsay; Molla Kahssay; Hamed Kalani; Leila L. Kalankesh; Rohollah Kalhor; Zahra Kamiab; Tanuj Kanchan; Umesh Kapil; Neeti Kapoor; Manoochehr Karami; Behzad Karami Matin; André Karch; Mohd A. Karim; Surendra Karki; Amir Kasaeian; Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun; Habtamu Kebebe Kasaye; Tesfaye Dessale Kassa; Hagazi Gebremedhin Kassaye; Nicholas J. Kassebaum; Ali Kazemi Karyani; Andre Pascal Kengne; Daniel Bekele Ketema; Yousef Saleh Khader; Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie; Mojtaba Khaksarian; Nauman Khalid; Ibrahim A. Khalil; Rovshan Khalilov; Asad Khan; Ejaz Ahmad Khan; Md Nuruzzaman Khan; Mohammad Saud Khan; Muhammad Shahzeb Khan; Khaled Khatab; Amir Khater; Mona M. Khater; Mahalqua Nazli Khatib; Maryam Khayamzadeh; Maryam Khazaei-Pool; Mohammad Khazaei; Salman Khazaei; Mohammad Taghi Khodayari; Mohammad Hossein Khosravi; Roba Khundkar; Ali Kiadaliri; Neda Kianipour; Daniel N. Kiirithio; Yun Jin Kim; Ruth W. Kimokoti; Adnan Kisa; Sezer Kisa; Tufa Kolola; Hamidreza Komaki; Shivakumar K. M. Kondlahalli; Ali Koolivand; Parvaiz A. Koul; Ai Koyanagi; Moritz U. G. Kraemer; Kewal Krishan; Kris J. Krohn; Nuworza Kugbey; Manasi Kumar; Pushpendra Kumar; Vivek Kumar; Om P. Kurmi; Oluwatosin Kuti; Carlo La Vecchia; Ben Lacey; Deepesh P. Lad; Aparna Lal; Dharmesh Kumar Lal; Faris Hasan Lami; Prabhat Lamichhane; Justin J. Lang; Van C. Lansingh; Savita Lasrado; Georgy Lebedev; Paul H. Lee; Shaun Wen Huey Lee; Mostafa Leili; Ian D. Letourneau; Sonia Lewycka; Shanshan Li; Lee-Ling Lim; Shai Linn; Shiwei Liu; Simin Liu; Rakesh Lodha; Joshua Longbottom; Jaifred Christian F. Lopez; Stefan Lorkowski; Erlyn Rachelle King Macarayan; Mohammed Madadin; Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek; Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek; Dhaval P. Maghavani; Phetole Walter Mahasha; Narayan Bahadur Mahotra; Venkatesh Maled; Afshin Maleki; Shokofeh Maleki; Deborah Carvalho Malta; Ali Manafi; Farzad Manafi; Navid Manafi; Narendar Dawanu Manohar; Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei; Borhan Mansouri; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Chabila Christopher Mapoma; Dadi Marami; Laurie B. Marczak; Carlos Alberto Marrugo Arnedo; Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo; Anthony Masaka; Benjamin Ballard Massenburg; Pallab K. Maulik; Benjamin K. Mayala; Mohsen Mazidi; Man Mohan Mehndiratta; Freshteh Mehri; Kala M. Mehta; Wahengbam Bigyananda Meitei; Fantahun Ayenew Mekonnen; Teferi Mekonnen; Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles; Hagazi Gebre Meles; Addisu Melese; Walter Mendoza; Ritesh G. Menezes; Meresa Berwo Mengesha; George A. Mensah; Tuomo J. Meretoja; Tomasz Miazgowski; Neda Milevska Kostova; Ted R. Miller; Edward J. Mills; G.K. Mini; Seyed Mostafa Mir; Mohammad Miri; Hamed Mirjalali; Erkin M. Mirrakhimov; Hamed Mirzaei; Maryam Mirzaei; Roya Mirzaei; Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh; Prasanna Mithra; Babak Moazen; Efat Mohamadi; Amjad Mohamadi-Bolbanabad; Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad; Yousef Mohammad; Dara K. Mohammad; Aso Mohammad Darwesh; Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji; Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani; Mousa Mohammadnia-Afrouzi; Milad Mohammadoo-Khorasani; Reza Mohammadpourhodki; Salahuddin Mohammed; Shafiu Mohammed; Jemal Abdu Mohammed; Ammas Siraj Mohammed; Farnam Mohebi; Amin Mokari; Ali H. Mokdad; Julio Cesar Montañez; Pablo A. Montero-Zamora; Yoshan Moodley; Maryam Moossavi; Ghobad Moradi; Masoud Moradi; Yousef Moradi; Mohammad Moradi-Joo; Maziar Moradi-Lakeh; Farhad Moradpour; Rahmatollah Moradzadeh; Paula Moraga; Shane Douglas Morrison; Abbas Mosapour; Jonathan F. Mosser; Simin Mouodi; Amin Mousavi Khaneghah; Dariush Mozaffarian; Ulrich Otto Mueller; Christopher J. L. Murray; G.V.S. Murthy; Kamarul Imran Musa; Ghulam Mustafa; Saravanan Muthupandian; Behnam Nabavizadeh; Mehdi Naderi; Girish N. Nadkarni; Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan; Mohsen Naghavi; Aliya Naheed; Gurudatta Naik; Farid Najafi; Jobert Richie Nansseu; K. M. Venkat Narayan; Bruno Ramos Nascimento; Vinod Nayak; Javad Nazari; Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe; Ionut Negoi; Ruxandra Irina Negoi; Josephine W. Ngunjiri; Cuong Tat Nguyen; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen; Dabere Nigatu; Yeshambel T. Nigatu; Rajan Nikbakhsh; Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum; Chukwudi A. Nnaji; Vuong Minh Nong; Jean Jacques Noubiap; Christoph Nowak; Bogdan Oancea; Richard Ofori-Asenso; Onome Bright Oghenetega; In-Hwan Oh; Olanrewaju Oladimeji; Morteza Oladnabi; Andrew T. Olagunju; Tinuke O. Olagunju; Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya; Jacob Olusegun Olusanya; Mojisola Morenike Oluwasanu; Muktar Omer Omer; Obinna E. Onwujekwe; Kwaku Oppong Asante; Eyal Oren; Orish Ebere Orisakwe; Alberto Ortiz; Osayomwanbo Osarenotor; Aaron E. Osgood-Zimmerman; Mayowa Ojo Owolabi; Mahesh P. A; Jagadish Rao Padubidri; Keyvan Pakshir; Adrian Pana; Songhomitra Panda-Jonas; Hadi Parsian; Tahereh Pashaei; Deepak Kumar Pasupula; Sangram Kishor Patel; Ashish Pathak; Mona Pathak; Sanghamitra Pati; Ajay Patle; George C. Patton; Kebreab Paulos; Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi; Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito; Norberto Perico; William A. Petri; Brandon V. Pickering; David M. Pigott; Majid Pirestani; Bakhtiar Piroozi; Meghdad Pirsaheb; Khem Narayan Pokhrel; Maarten J. Postma; Hadi Pourjafar; Farshad Pourmalek; Reza Pourmirza Kalhori; Akram Pourshams; Hossein Poustchi; Sergio I. Prada; Liliana Preotescu; Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi; Zahiruddin Quazi Syed; Mohammad Rabiee; Navid Rabiee; Amir Radfar; Alireza Rafiei; Fakher Rahim; Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar; Muhammad Aziz Rahman; Sajjad ur Rahman; Rajesh Kumar Rai; Ali Rajabpour-Sanati; Fatemeh Rajati; Kiana Ramezanzadeh; Saleem Muhammad Rana; Chhabi Lal Ranabhat; Sowmya J. Rao; Davide Rasella; Vahid Rashedi; Prateek Rastogi; Priya Rathi; Salman Rawaf; David Laith Rawaf; Lal Rawal; Sarah E. Ray; Giuseppe Remuzzi; Vishnu Renjith; Andre M. N. Renzaho; Serge Resnikoff; Nima Rezaei; Shahab Rezaeian; Mohammad Sadegh Rezai; Aziz Rezapour; Seyed Mohammad Riahi; Ana Isabel Ribeiro; Jennifer Rickard; Alina Rodriguez; Leonardo Roever; Elias Merdassa Roro; Gholamreza Roshandel; Ali Rostami; Enrico Rubagotti; Anas M. Saad; Seyedmohammad Saadatagah; Yogesh Damodar Sabde; Siamak Sabour; Ehsan Sadeghi; Masoumeh Sadeghi; Saeed Safari; Yahya Safari; Hamid Safarpour; Rajesh Sagar; Amirhossein Sahebkar; Mohammad Ali Sahraian; S. Mohammad Sajadi; Mohammad Reza Salahshoor; Nasir Salam; Farkhonde Salehi; Saleh Salehi Zahabi; Hosni Salem; Marwa R. Rashad Salem; Yahya Salimi; Hamideh Salimzadeh; Hossein Samadi Kafil; Evanson Zondani Sambala; Abdallah M. Samy; Itamar S. Santos; Bruno Piassi Sao Jose; Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy; Abdur Razzaque Sarker; Benn Sartorius; Arash Sarveazad; Brijesh Sathian; Maheswar Satpathy; Sonia Saxena; Mehdi Sayyah; Alyssa N. Sbarra; Megan F. Schipp; Maria Inês Schmidt; Aletta Elisabeth Schutte; David C. Schwebel; Anbissa Muleta Senbeta; Subramanian Senthilkumaran; Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi; Faramarz Shaahmadi; Omid Shafaat; Saeed Shahabi; Masood Ali Shaikh; Ali S. Shalash; Mehran Shams-Beyranvand; Amir Shamshirian; Morteza Shamsizadeh; Mohammed Shannawaz; Kiomars Sharafi; Mehdi Sharif; Rajesh Sharma; Hatem Samir Shehata; Abbas Sheikhtaheri; Kenji Shibuya; Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw; Mika Shigematsu; Jae Il Shin; Rahman Shiri; Reza Shirkoohi; Ivy Shiue; Kerem Shuval; Soraya Siabani; Tariq J. Siddiqi; Inga Dora Sigfusdottir; Diego Augusto Santos Silva; Biagio Simonetti; Ambrish Singh; Pushpendra Singh; Virendra Singh; Jasvinder A. Singh; Pankaj Kumar Singh; Dhirendra Narain Sinha; Yitagesu Sintayehu; Malede Mequanent M. Sisay; Amin Soheili; Bija Soleymani; Farzaneh Soltani; Shahin Soltani; Joan B. Soriano; Muluken Bekele Sorrie; Sergey Soshnikov; Ireneous N. Soyiri; Adel Spotin; Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy; Rajni Kant Kant Srivastava; Antonina Starodubova; Agus Sudaryanto; Mu’awiyyah Babale Sufiyan; Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria; Gerhard Sulo; Bruno F. Sunguya; Bryan L. Sykes; Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos; Takahiro Tabuchi; Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse; Amir Taherkhani; Koku Sisay Tamirat; Segen Gebremeskel Tassew; Nuno Taveira; Berhane Fseha Teklehaimanot; Gebretsadkan Hintsa Tekulu; Mohamad-Hani Temsah; Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi; Zemenu Tadesse Tessema; Nihal Thomas; Mariya Vladimirovna Titova; Kenean Getaneh Tlaye; Hamid Reza Tohidinik; Marcello Tonelli; Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone; Eugenio Traini; Khanh Bao Tran; Manjari Tripathi; Riaz Uddin; Irfan Ullah; Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan; Era Upadhyay; Ushotanefe Useh; Muhammad Shariq Usman; Olalekan A. Uthman; Marco Vacante; Masoud Vaezghasemi; Pascual R. Valdez; John VanderHeide; Elena Varavikova; Santosh Varughese; Tommi Juhani Vasankari; Yasser Vasseghian; Yousef Veisani; Srinivasaraghavan Venkatesh; Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian; Madhur Verma; Simone Vidale; Francesco S. Violante; Vasily Vlassov; Sebastian Vollmer; Rade Vukovic; Yasir Waheed; Haidong Wang; Yafeng Wang; Yuan-Pang Wang; Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel; Andrea Werdecker; Taweewat Wiangkham; Kirsten E. Wiens; Tissa Wijeratne; Haileab Fekadu Wolde; Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash; Tewodros Eshete Wonde; Adam Belay Wondmieneh; Ai-Min Wu; Gelin Xu; Abbas Yadegar; Ali Yadollahpour; Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari; Tomohide Yamada; Yuichiro Yano; Sanni Yaya; Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi; Alex Yeshaneh; Yigizie Yeshaw; Yordanos Gizachew Yeshitila; Mekdes Tigistu Yilma; Paul Yip; Naohiro Yonemoto; Seok-Jun Yoon; Yoosik Youm; Mustafa Z. Younis; Zabihollah Yousefi; Hebat-Allah Salah A. Yousof; Chuanhua Yu; Hasan Yusefzadeh; Telma Zahirian Moghadam; Leila Zaki; Sojib Bin Zaman; Mohammad Zamani; Maryam Zamanian; Hamed Zandian; Hadi Zarafshan; Nejimu Biza Zepro; Taddese Alemu Zerfu; Taye Abuhay Zewale; Yunquan Zhang; Zhi-Jiang Zhang; Xiu-Ju Zhao; Sanjay Zodpey; Kamiar Zomorodian; Francis Bruno Zotor; Ashkan Afshin; Simon I. Hay
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. © 2020, The Author(s).
Department of Error: Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (The Lancet (2020) 395(10239) (1779–1801), (S0140673620301148), (10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30114-8))
(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Robert C. Reiner; Kirsten E. Wiens; Aniruddha Deshpande; Mathew M. Baumann; Paulina A. Lindstedt; Brigette F. Blacker; Christopher E. Troeger; Lucas Earl; Sandra B. Munro; Degu Abate; Hedayat Abbastabar; Foad Abd-Allah; Ahmed Abdelalim; Ibrahim Abdollahpour; Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader; Getaneh Abebe; Kedir Hussein Abegaz; Lucas Guimarães Abreu; Michael R.M. Abrigo; Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi; Dilaram Acharya; Maryam Adabi; Oladimeji M. Adebayo; Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin; Victor Adekanmbi; Olatunji O. Adetokunboh; Davoud Adham; Beyene Meressa Adhena; Mohsen Afarideh; Keivan Ahmadi; Mehdi Ahmadi; Anwar E. Ahmed; Muktar Beshir Ahmed; Rushdia Ahmed; Olufemi Ajumobi; Chalachew Genet Akal; Temesgen Yihunie Akalu; Ali S. Akanda; Genet Melak Alamene; Turki M. Alanzi; James R. Albright; Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde Rabanal; Birhan Tamene Alemnew; Zewdie Aderaw Alemu; Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali; Muhammad Ali; Mehran Alijanzadeh; Vahid Alipour; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; Ali Almasi; Amir Almasi-Hashiani; Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi; Khalid Altirkawi; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk; Azmeraw T. Amare; Saeed Amini; Arianna Maever Loreche Amit; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Masresha Tessema Anegago; Mina Anjomshoa; Fereshteh Ansari; Carl Abelardo T. Antonio; Ernoiz Antriyandarti; Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah; Jalal Arabloo; Olatunde Aremu; Bahram Armoon; Krishna K. Aryal; Afsaneh Arzani; Mohsen Asadi-Lari; Alebachew Fasil Ashagre; Hagos Tasew Atalay; Suleman Atique; Sachin R. Atre; Marcel Ausloos; Leticia Avila-Burgos; Ashish Awasthi; Nefsu Awoke; Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla; Getinet Ayano; Martin Amogre Ayanore; Asnakew Achaw Ayele; Yared Asmare Aynalem; Samad Azari; Ebrahim Babaee; Alaa Badawi; Shankar M. 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Saif-Ur-Rahman; Marwa Rashad Salem; Mehrnoosh Samaei; Abdallah M. Samy; Milena M. Santric-Milicevic; Satish Saroshe; Brijesh Sathian; Maheswar Satpathy; Monika Sawhney; Aletta Elisabeth Schutte; Allen Seylani; Masood Ali Shaikh; Mohammed Feyisso Shaka; Hina Shamshad; Morteza Shamsizadeh; Mohammed Shannawaz; Adithi Shetty; Jae Il Shin; K.M. Shivakumar; Jasvinder A. Singh; Valentin Yurievich Skryabin; Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina; Ranjani Somayaji; Sergey Soshnikov; Emma Elizabeth Spurlock; Dan J. Stein; Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan; Hooman Tadbiri; Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse; Eyayou Girma Tadesse; Animut Tagele Tamiru; Elvis Enowbeyang Tarkang; Nuno Taveira; Yohannes Tekalegn; Fisaha Haile Tesfay; Gizachew Assefa Tessema; Rekha Thapar; Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone; Eugenio Traini; Bach Xuan Tran; Alexander C. Tsai; Biruk Shalmeno Tusa; Saif Ullah; Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo; Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan; Sahel Valadan Tahbaz; Jorge Hugo Villafañe; Sergey Konstantinovitch Vladimirov; Bay Vo; Avina Vongpradith; Giang Thu Vu; Yasir Waheed; Richard G. Wamai; Guan Wang; Yanzhong Wang; Paul Ward; Ronny Westerman; Andrea Sylvia Winkler; Lalit Yadav; Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari; Taklo Simeneh Yazie; Siyan Yi; Vahit Yiğit; Birhanu Wubale Yirdaw; Naohiro Yonemoto; Chuanhua Yu; Ismaeel Yunusa; Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin; Anasthasia Zastrozhina; Zhi-Jiang Zhang; Alimuddin Zumla; Joshua A. Salomon; Jeffrey W. Eaton; Mohsen Naghavi; Laura Dwyer-Lindgren; Haidong Wang; Stephen S. Lim; Simon I. Hay; Christopher J.L. Murray; Hmwe H. Kyu
Background: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. This study assesses the current sex-specific HIV burden in 204 countries and territories and measures progress in the control of the epidemic. Methods: To estimate age-specific and sex-specific trends in 48 of 204 countries, we extended the Estimation and Projection Package Age-Sex Model to also implement the spectrum paediatric model. We used this model in cases where age and sex specific HIV-seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care-clinic sentinel surveillance data were available. For the remaining 156 of 204 locations, we developed a cohort-incidence bias adjustment to derive incidence as a function of cause-of-death data from vital registration systems. The incidence was input to a custom Spectrum model. To assess progress, we measured the percentage change in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 (threshold >75% decline), the ratio of incident cases to number of people living with HIV (incidence-to-prevalence ratio threshold <0·03), and the ratio of incident cases to deaths (incidence-to-mortality ratio threshold <1·0). Findings: In 2019, there were 36·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35·1–38·9) people living with HIV worldwide. There were 0·84 males (95% UI 0·78–0·91) per female living with HIV in 2019, 0·99 male infections (0·91–1·10) for every female infection, and 1·02 male deaths (0·95–1·10) per female death. Global progress in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 was driven by sub-Saharan Africa (with a 28·52% decrease in incident cases, 95% UI 19·58–35·43, and a 39·66% decrease in deaths, 36·49–42·36). Elsewhere, the incidence remained stable or increased, whereas deaths generally decreased. In 2019, the global incidence-to-prevalence ratio was 0·05 (95% UI 0·05–0·06) and the global incidence-to-mortality ratio was 1·94 (1·76–2·12). No regions met suggested thresholds for progress. Interpretation: Sub-Saharan Africa had both the highest HIV burden and the greatest progress between 1990 and 2019. The number of incident cases and deaths in males and females approached parity in 2019, although there remained more females with HIV than males with HIV. Globally, the HIV epidemic is far from the UNAIDS benchmarks on progress metrics. Funding: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the National Institute of Mental Health of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the National Institute on Aging of the NIH. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
Mapping development and health effects of cooking with solid fuels in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–18: a geospatial modelling study
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Joseph Jon Frostad; QuynhAnh P. Nguyen; Mathew M. Baumann; Brigette F. Blacker; Laurie B. Marczak; Aniruddha Deshpande; Kirsten E. Wiens; Kate E. LeGrand; Kimberly B. Johnson; Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari; Amir Abdoli; Hassan Abolhassani; Lucas Guimarães Abreu; Michael R. M. Abrigo; Niveen M.E. Abu-Rmeileh; Victor Adekanmbi; Anurag Agrawal; Muktar Beshir Ahmed; Ziyad Al-Aly; Fahad Mashhour Alanezi; Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal; Vahid Alipour; Khalid A. Altirkawi; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk; Adeladza Kofi Amegah; Saeed Amini; Fatemeh Amiri; Dickson A. Amugsi; Robert Ancuceanu; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Tudorel Andrei; Ernoiz Antriyandarti; Davood Anvari; Jalal Arabloo; Morteza Arab-Zozani; Seyyed Shamsadin Athari; Marcel Ausloos; Getinet Ayano; Yared Asmare Aynalem; Samad Azari; Ashish D. Badiye; Atif Amin Baig; Kalpana Balakrishnan; Maciej Banach; Sanjay Basu; Neeraj Bedi; Michelle L. Bell; Derrick A. Bennett; Krittika Bhattacharyya; Zulfiqar A. Bhutta; Sadia Bibi; Somayeh Bohlouli; Soufiane Boufous; Nicola Luigi Bragazzi; Dejana Braithwaite; Sharath Burugina Nagaraja; Zahid A. Butt; Florentino Luciano Caetano Dos Santos; Josip Car; Rosario Cárdenas; Felix Carvalho; Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia; Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela; Ester Cerin; Soosanna Kumary Chattu; Vijay Kumar Chattu; Pankaj Chaturvedi; Sarika Chaturvedi; Simiao Chen; Dinh-Toi Chu; Sheng-Chia Chung; Saad M. A. Dahlawi; Giovanni Damiani; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Aso Mohammad Darwesh; Jai K. Das; Aditya Prasad Dash; Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes; Diego De Leo; Jan-Walter De Neve; Getu Debalkie Demissie; Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez; Sagnik Dey; Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne; Meghnath Dhimal; Govinda Prasad Dhungana; Daniel Diaz; Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu; Fariba Dorostkar; Leila Doshmangir; Andre Rodrigues Duraes; Hisham Atan Edinur; Ferry Efendi; Maha El Tantawi; Sharareh Eskandarieh; Ibtihal Fadhil; Nazir Fattahi; Nelsensius Klau Fauk; Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad; Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan; Masoud Foroutan; Takeshi Fukumoto; Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane; Mansour Ghafourifard; Ahmad Ghashghaee; Syed Amir Gilani; Tiffany K. Gill; Alessandra C. Goulart; Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart; Ayman Grada; Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari; Davide Guido; Yuming Guo; Rajat Das Gupta; Rajeev Gupta; Reyna Alma Gutiérrez; Nima Hafezi-Nejad; Randah R. Hamadeh; Ahmed I. Hasaballah; Soheil Hassanipour; Khezar Hayat; Behzad Heibati; Reza Heidari-Soureshjani; Nathaniel J. Henry; Claudiu Herteliu; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Mohamed Hsairi; Guoqing Hu; Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Irena M. Ilic; Milena D. Ilic; Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani; Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam; Chidozie C. D. Iwu; Jalil Jaafari; Mihajlo Jakovljevic; Tahereh Javaheri; Ravi Prakash Jha; John S. Ji; Jost B. Jonas; Ali Kabir; Zubair Kabir; Rohollah Kalhor; Naser Kamyari; Tanuj Kanchan; Umesh Kapil; Neeti Kapoor; Gbenga A. Kayode; Peter Njenga Keiyoro; Yousef Saleh Khader; Nauman Khalid; Ejaz Ahmad Khan; Maseer Khan; Md Nuruzzaman Khan; Khaled Khatab; Mona M. Khater; Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib; Maryam Khayamzadeh; Jagdish Khubchandani; Gyu Ri Kim; Yun Jin Kim; Ruth W. Kimokoti; Adnan Kisa; Sezer Kisa; Luke D. Knibbs; Parvaiz A. Koul; Ai Koyanagi; Kewal Krishan; G. Anil Kumar; Manasi Kumar; Dian Kusuma; Carlo La Vecchia; Ben Lacey; Faris Hasan Lami; Qing Lan; Savita Lasrado; Paolo Lauriola; Paul H. Lee; Sonia Lewycka; Shanshan Li; Daiane Borges Machado; Phetole Walter Mahasha; Mina Maheri; Azeem Majeed; Afshin Maleki; Reza Malekzadeh; Deborah Carvalho Malta; Borhan Mansouri; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Natalie Maria Martinez; Santi Martini; Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo; Benjamin K. Mayala; Man Mohan Mehndiratta; Walter Mendoza; Ritesh G. Menezes; Endalkachew Worku Mengesha; Tuomo J. Meretoja; Tomislav Mestrovic; Irmina Maria Michalek; Erkin M. Mirrakhimov; Maryam Mirzaei; Roya Mirzaei; Babak Moazen; Yousef Mohammad; Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani; Shafiu Mohammed; Ali H. Mokdad; Lorenzo Monasta; Maziar Moradi-Lakeh; Paula Moraga; Lidia Morawska; Abbas Mosapour; Simin Mouodi; Amin Mousavi Khaneghah; Satinath Mukhopadhyay; Sandra B. Munro; Christopher J. L. Murray; Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan; Mohsen Naghavi; Sanjeev Nair; Vinay Nangia; Bruno Ramos Nascimento; Javad Nazari; Ionut Negoi; Henok Biresaw Netsere; Josephine W. Ngunjiri; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen; Jean Jacques Noubiap; Bogdan Oancea; Felix Akpojene Ogbo; In-Hwan Oh; Andrew T. Olagunju; Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya; Jacob Olusegun Olusanya; Ahmed Omar Bali; Obinna E. Onwujekwe; Nikita Otstavnov; Stanislav S. Otstavnov; Mayowa O. Owolabi; P.A. Mahesh; Anamika Pandey; Eun-Cheol Park; Eun-Kee Park; Sangram Kishor Patel; Hai Quang Pham; Thomas Pilgrim; Meghdad Pirsaheb; Khem Narayan Pokhrel; Maarten J. Postma; Zahiruddin Quazi Syed; Navid Rabiee; Amir Radfar; Fakher Rahim; Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman; Muhammad Aziz Rahman; Amir Masoud Rahmani; Chhabi Lal Ranabhat; Sowmya J. Rao; Davide Rasella; Prateek Rastogi; Goura Kishor Rath; David Laith Rawaf; Salman Rawaf; Lal Rawal; Reza Rawassizadeh; Andre M. N. Renzaho; Bhageerathy Reshmi; Negar Rezaei; Nima Rezaei; Aziz Rezapour; Jennifer Rickard; Leonardo Roever; Luca Ronfani; Morteza Rostamian; Enrico Rubagotti; Godfrey M. Rwegerera; Basema Saddik; Ehsan Sadeghi; Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam; Rajesh Sagar; Amirhossein Sahebkar; Biniyam Sahiledengle; Marwa Rashad Salem; Abdallah M. Samy; Milena M. Santric-Milicevic; Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy; Brijesh Sathian; Thirunavukkarasu Sathish; David C. Schwebel; Sadaf G. Sepanlou; Saeed Shahabi; Amira A. Shaheen; Izza Shahid; Masood Ali Shaikh; Ali S. Shalash; Mehran Shams-Beyranvand; Mohammed Shannawaz; Kiomars Sharafi; Aziz Sheikh; Sara Sheikhbahaei; Ranjitha S. Shetty; Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw; Mika Shigematsu; Jae Il Shin; K.M. Shivakumar; Soraya Siabani; Tariq Jamal Siddiqi; Balbir Bagicha Singh; Jasvinder A. Singh; Yitagesu Sintayehu; Muluken Bekele Sorrie; Ireneous N. Soyiri; Emma Elizabeth Spurlock; Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy; Leo Stockfelt; Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan; Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader; Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos; Takahiro Tabuchi; Amir Taherkhani; Mohamad-Hani Temsah; Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan; Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone; Eugenio Traini; Saif Ullah; Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan; Era Upadhyay; Sahel Valadan Tahbaz; Santosh Varughese; Francesco S. Violante; Bay Vo; Giang Thu Vu; Yasir Waheed; Yuan-Pang Wang; Catherine A. Welgan; Andrea Werdecker; Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari; Sanni Yaya; Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi; Mekdes Tigistu Yilma; Naohiro Yonemoto; Mustafa Z. Younis; Taraneh Yousefinezhadi; Chuanhua Yu; Yong Yu; Sojib Bin Zaman; Yunquan Zhang; Zhi-Jiang Zhang; Michael Brauer; Simon I. Hay; Robert C. Reiner
Background: More than 3 billion people do not have access to clean energy and primarily use solid fuels to cook. Use of solid fuels generates household air pollution, which was associated with more than 2 million deaths in 2019. Although local patterns in cooking vary systematically, subnational trends in use of solid fuels have yet to be comprehensively analysed. We estimated the prevalence of solid-fuel use with high spatial resolution to explore subnational inequalities, assess local progress, and assess the effects on health in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) without universal access to clean fuels. Methods: We did a geospatial modelling study to map the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking at a 5 km × 5 km resolution in 98 LMICs based on 2·1 million household observations of the primary cooking fuel used from 663 population-based household surveys over the years 2000 to 2018. We use observed temporal patterns to forecast household air pollution in 2030 and to assess the probability of attaining the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target indicator for clean cooking. We aligned our estimates of household air pollution to geospatial estimates of ambient air pollution to establish the risk transition occurring in LMICs. Finally, we quantified the effect of residual primary solid-fuel use for cooking on child health by doing a counterfactual risk assessment to estimate the proportion of deaths from lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years that could be associated with household air pollution. Findings: Although primary reliance on solid-fuel use for cooking has declined globally, it remains widespread. 593 million people live in districts where the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking exceeds 95%. 66% of people in LMICs live in districts that are not on track to meet the SDG target for universal access to clean energy by 2030. Household air pollution continues to be a major contributor to particulate exposure in LMICs, and rising ambient air pollution is undermining potential gains from reductions in the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking in many countries. We estimated that, in 2018, 205 000 (95% uncertainty interval 147 000–257 000) children younger than 5 years died from lower respiratory tract infections that could be attributed to household air pollution. Interpretation: Efforts to accelerate the adoption of clean cooking fuels need to be substantially increased and recalibrated to account for subnational inequalities, because there are substantial opportunities to improve air quality and avert child mortality associated with household air pollution. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
Mapping geographical inequalities in access to drinking water and sanitation facilities in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17
(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Aniruddha Deshpande; Molly K. Miller-Petrie; Paulina A. Lindstedt; Mathew M. Baumann; Kimberly B. Johnson; Brigette F. Blacker; Hedayat Abbastabar; Foad Abd-Allah; Ahmed Abdelalim; Ibrahim Abdollahpour; Kedir Hussein Abegaz; Ayenew Negesse Abejie; Lucas Guimarães Abreu; Michael R. M. Abrigo; Ahmed Abualhasan; Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi; Abdu A. Adamu; Oladimeji M. Adebayo; Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji; Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin; Victor Adekanmbi; Olatunji O. Adetokunboh; Tara Ballav Adhikari; Mohsen Afarideh; Marcela Agudelo-Botero; Mehdi Ahmadi; Keivan Ahmadi; Anwar E. Ahmed; Muktar Beshir Ahmed; Temesgen Yihunie Akalu; Ali S. Akanda; Fares Alahdab; Ziyad Al-Aly; Noore Alam; Samiah Alam; Genet Melak Alamene; Turki M. Alanzi; James Albright; Ammar Albujeer; Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal; Animut Alebel; Zewdie Aderaw Alemu; Muhammad Ali; Mehran Alijanzadeh; Vahid Alipour; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; Ali Almasi; Amir Almasi-Hashiani; Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi; Khalid A. Altirkawi; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk; Saeed Amini; Arianna Maever L. Amit; Gianna Gayle Herrera Amul; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Mina Anjomshoa; Ansariadi Ansariadi; Carl Abelardo T. Antonio; Benny Antony; Ernoiz Antriyandarti; Jalal Arabloo; Hany Mohamed Amin Aref; Olatunde Aremu; Bahram Armoon; Amit Arora; Krishna K. Aryal; Afsaneh Arzani; Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi; Daniel Asmelash; Hagos Tasew Atalay; Seyyed Shamsadin Athari; Seyyede Masoume Athari; Sachin R. Atre; Marcel Ausloos; Shally Awasthi; Nefsu Awoke; Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla; Getinet Ayano; Martin Amogre Ayanore; Yared Asmare Aynalem; Samad Azari; Andrew S. Azman; Ebrahim Babaee; Alaa Badawi; Mojtaba Bagherzadeh; Shankar M. Bakkannavar; Senthilkumar Balakrishnan; Maciej Banach; Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub; Aleksandra Barac; Miguel A. Barboza; Till Winfried Bärnighausen; Sanjay Basu; Vo Dinh Bay; Mohsen Bayati; Neeraj Bedi; Mahya Beheshti; Meysam Behzadifar; Masoud Behzadifar; Diana Fernanda Bejarano Ramirez; Michelle L. Bell; Derrick A. Bennett; Habib Benzian; Dessalegn Ajema Berbada; Robert S. Bernstein; Anusha Ganapati Bhat; Krittika Bhattacharyya; Soumyadeep Bhaumik; Zulfiqar A. Bhutta; Ali Bijani; Boris Bikbov; Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed; Raaj Kishore Biswas; Somayeh Bohlouli; Soufiane Boufous; Oliver J. Brady; Andrey Nikolaevich Briko; Nikolay Ivanovich Briko; Gabrielle B. Britton; Alexandria Brown; Sharath Burugina Nagaraja; Zahid A. Butt; Luis Alberto Cámera; Ismael R. Campos-Nonato; Julio Cesar Campuzano Rincon; Jorge Cano; Josip Car; Rosario Cárdenas; Felix Carvalho; Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela; Franz Castro; Ester Cerin; Binaya Chalise; Vijay Kumar Chattu; Ken Lee Chin; Devasahayam J. Christopher; Dinh-Toi Chu; Natalie Maria Cormier; Vera Marisa Costa; Elizabeth A. Cromwell; Abel Fekadu Dadi; Tukur Dahiru; Saad M. A. Dahlawi; Rakhi Dandona; Lalit Dandona; Anh Kim Dang; Farah Daoud; Aso Mohammad Darwesh; Amira Hamed Darwish; Ahmad Daryani; Jai K. Das; Rajat Das Gupta; Aditya Prasad Dash; Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes; Nicole Davis Weaver; Fernando Pio De La Hoz; Jan-Walter De Neve; Dereje Bayissa Demissie; Gebre Teklemariam Demoz; Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez; Kebede Deribe; Assefa Desalew; Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne; Preeti Dhillon; Meghnath Dhimal; Govinda Prasad Dhungana; Daniel Diaz; Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu; Hoa Thi Do; Christiane Dolecek; Kerrie E. Doyle; Eleonora Dubljanin; Andre Rodrigues Duraes; Hisham Atan Edinur; Andem Effiong; Aziz Eftekhari; Nevine El Nahas; Maysaa El Sayed Zaki; Maha El Tantawi; Hala Rashad Elhabashy; Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary; Ziad El-Khatib; Hajer Elkout; Aisha Elsharkawy; Shymaa Enany; Daniel Adane Endalew; Babak Eshrati; Sharareh Eskandarieh; Arash Etemadi; Oluchi Ezekannagha; Emerito Jose A. Faraon; Mohammad Fareed; Andre Faro; Farshad Farzadfar; Alebachew Fasil; Mehdi Fazlzadeh; Valery L. Feigin; Wubalem Fekadu; Netsanet Fentahun; Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad; Eduarda Fernandes; Irina Filip; Florian Fischer; Carsten Flohr; Nataliya A. Foigt; Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan; Masoud Foroutan; Richard Charles Franklin; Joseph Jon Frostad; Takeshi Fukumoto; Mohamed M. Gad; Gregory M. Garcia; Augustine Mwangi Gatotoh; Reta Tsegaye Gayesa; Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin; Yilma Chisha Dea Geramo; Hailay Abrha Gesesew; Kebede Embaye Gezae; Ahmad Ghashghaee; Farzaneh Ghazi Sherbaf; Tiffany K. Gill; Paramjit Singh Gill; Themba G. Ginindza; Alem Girmay; Zemichael Gizaw; Amador Goodridge; Sameer Vali Gopalani; Alessandra C. Goulart; Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart; Ayman Grada; Manfred S. Green; Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari; Harish Chander Gugnani; Davide Guido; Rafael Alves Guimarães; Yuming Guo; Rahul Gupta; Rajeev Gupta; Giang Hai Ha; Juanita A. Haagsma; Nima Hafezi-Nejad; Dessalegn H. Haile; Michael Tamene Haile; Brian J. Hall; Samer Hamidi; Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso; Hamidreza Haririan; Ninuk Hariyani; Ahmed I. Hasaballah; Md Mehedi Hasan; Amir Hasanzadeh; Hamid Yimam Hassen; Desta Haftu Hayelom; Mohamed I. Hegazy; Behzad Heibati; Behnam Heidari; Delia Hendrie; Andualem Henok; Claudiu Herteliu; Fatemeh Heydarpour; Hagos Degefa de Hidru; Thomas R. Hird; Chi Linh Hoang; Gillian I. Hollerich; Praveen Hoogar; Naznin Hossain; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Mowafa Househ; Guoqing Hu; Ayesha Humayun; Syed Ather Hussain; Mamusha Aman A. Hussen; Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Milena D. Ilic; Mohammad Hasan Imani-Nasab; Usman Iqbal; Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani; Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam; Rebecca Q. Ivers; Chinwe Juliana Iwu; Nader Jahanmehr; Mihajlo Jakovljevic; Amir Jalali; Achala Upendra Jayatilleke; Ensiyeh Jenabi; Ravi Prakash Jha; Vivekanand Jha; John S. Ji; Jost B. Jonas; Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak; Ali Kabir; Zubair Kabir; Tanuj Kanchan; André Karch; Surendra Karki; Amir Kasaeian; Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun; Habtamu Kebebe Kasaye; Getachew Mullu Kassa; Gebrehiwot G. Kassa; Gbenga A. Kayode; Mihiretu M. Kebede; Peter Njenga Keiyoro; Daniel Bekele Ketema; Yousef Saleh Khader; Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie; Nauman Khalid; Rovshan Khalilov; Ejaz Ahmad Khan; Junaid Khan; Md Nuruzzaman Nuruzzaman Khan; Khaled Khatab; Mona M. Khater; Amir M. Khater; Maryam Khayamzadeh; Mohammad Khazaei; Mohammad Hossein Khosravi; Jagdish Khubchandani; Ali Kiadaliri; Yun Jin Kim; Ruth W. Kimokoti; Sezer Kisa; Adnan Kisa; Sonali Kochhar; Tufa Kolola; Hamidreza Komaki; Soewarta Kosen; Parvaiz A. Koul; Ai Koyanagi; Kewal Krishan; Barthelemy Kuate Defo; Nuworza Kugbey; Pushpendra Kumar; G. Anil Kumar; Manasi Kumar; Dian Kusuma; Carlo La Vecchia; Ben Lacey; Aparna Lal; Dharmesh Kumar Lal; Hilton Lam; Faris Hasan Lami; Van Charles Lansingh; Savita Lasrado; Georgy Lebedev; Paul H. Lee; Kate E. LeGrand; Mostafa Leili; Tsegaye Lolaso Lenjebo; Cheru Tesema Leshargie; Aubrey J. Levine; Sonia Lewycka; Shanshan Li; Shai Linn; Shiwei Liu; Jaifred Christian F. Lopez; Platon D. Lopukhov; Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek; D.R. Mahadeshwara Prasad; Phetole Walter Mahasha; Narayan B. Mahotra; Azeem Majeed; Reza Malekzadeh; Deborah Carvalho Malta; Abdullah A. Mamun; Navid Manafi; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Chabila Christopher Mapoma; Gabriel Martinez; Santi Martini; Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo; Manu Raj Mathur; Benjamin K. Mayala; Mohsen Mazidi; Colm McAlinden; Birhanu Geta Meharie; Man Mohan Mehndiratta; Entezar Mehrabi Nasab; Kala M. Mehta; Teferi Mekonnen; Tefera Chane Mekonnen; Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles; Hagazi Gebre Meles; Peter T. N. Memiah; Ziad A. Memish; Walter Mendoza; Ritesh G. Menezes; Seid Tiku Mereta; Tuomo J. Meretoja; Tomislav Mestrovic; Workua Mekonnen Metekiya; Bartosz Miazgowski; Ted R. Miller; G.K. Mini; Erkin M. Mirrakhimov; Babak Moazen; Bahram Mohajer; Yousef Mohammad; Dara K. Mohammad; Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji; Roghayeh Mohammadibakhsh; Shafiu Mohammed; Jemal Abdu Mohammed; Hassen Mohammed; Farnam Mohebi; Ali H. Mokdad; Yoshan Moodley; Ghobad Moradi; Masoud Moradi; Mohammad Moradi-Joo; Paula Moraga; Linda Morales; Abbas Mosapour; Jonathan F. Mosser; Simin Mouodi; Seyyed Meysam Mousavi; Miliva Mozaffor; Sandra B. Munro; Moses K. Muriithi; Christopher J. L. Murray; Kamarul Imran Musa; Ghulam Mustafa; Saravanan Muthupandian; Mehdi Naderi; Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan; Mohsen Naghavi; Gurudatta Naik; Vinay Nangia; Bruno Ramos Nascimento; Javad Nazari; Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe; Ionut Negoi; Henok Biresaw Netsere; Josephine W. Ngunjiri; Cuong Tat Nguyen; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen; Quynhanh P. Nguyen; Solomon Gedlu Nigatu; Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum; Chukwudi A. Nnaji; Marzieh Nojomi; Ole F. Norheim; Jean Jacques Noubiap; Bogdan Oancea; Felix Akpojene Ogbo; In-Hwan Oh; Andrew T. Olagunju; Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya; Jacob Olusegun Olusanya; Obinna E. Onwujekwe; Doris V. Ortega-Altamirano; Osayomwanbo Osarenotor; Frank B. Osei; Mayowa O. Owolabi; P.A. Mahesh; Jagadish Rao Padubidri; Smita Pakhale; Adrian Pana; Eun-Kee Park; Sangram Kishor Patel; Ashish Pathak; Ajay Patle; Kebreab Paulos; Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito; Norberto Perico; Aslam Pervaiz; Julia Moreira Pescarini; Konrad Pesudovs; Hai Quang Pham; David M. Pigott; Thomas Pilgrim; Meghdad Pirsaheb; Mario Poljak; Ian Pollock; Maarten J. Postma; Farshad Pourmalek; Akram Pourshams; Sergio I. Prada; Liliana Preotescu; Hedley Quintana; Navid Rabiee; Mohammad Rabiee; Amir Radfar; Alireza Rafiei; Fakher Rahim; Siavash Rahimi; Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar; Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman; Muhammad Aziz Rahman; Fatemeh Rajati; Chhabi Lal Ranabhat; Puja C. Rao; Davide Rasella; Goura Kishor Rath; Salman Rawaf; Lal Rawal; Wasiq Faraz Rawasia; Giuseppe Remuzzi; Vishnu Renjith; Andre M. N. Renzaho; Serge Resnikoff; Seyed Mohammad Riahi; Ana Isabel Ribeiro; Jennifer Rickard; Leonardo Roever; Luca Ronfani; Enrico Rubagotti; Salvatore Rubino; Anas M. Saad; Siamak Sabour; Ehsan Sadeghi; Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam; Yahya Safari; Rajesh Sagar; Mohammad Ali Sahraian; S. Mohammad Sajadi; Mohammad Reza Salahshoor; Nasir Salam; Ahsan Saleem; Marwa Rashad Salem; Hosni Salem; Yahya Salimi; Hamideh Salimzadeh; Abdallah M. Samy; Juan Sanabria; Itamar S. Santos; Milena M. Santric-Milicevic; Bruno Piassi Sao Jose; Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy; Nizal Sarrafzadegan; Benn Sartorius; Brijesh Sathian; Thirunavukkarasu Sathish; Maheswar Satpathy; Monika Sawhney; Mehdi Sayyah; Alyssa N. Sbarra; Lauren E. Schaeffer; David C. Schwebel; Anbissa Muleta Senbeta; Subramanian Senthilkumaran; Sadaf G. Sepanlou; Edson Serván-Mori; Azadeh Shafieesabet; Amira A. Shaheen; Izza Shahid; Masood Ali Shaikh; Ali S. Shalash; Mehran Shams-Beyranvand; Mohammadbagher Shamsi; Morteza Shamsizadeh; Mohammed Shannawaz; Kiomars Sharafi; Rajesh Sharma; Aziz Sheikh; B. Suresh Kumar Shetty; Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw; Mika Shigematsu; Jae Il Shin; Rahman Shiri; Reza Shirkoohi; K.M. Shivakumar; Si Si; Soraya Siabani; Tariq Jamal Siddiqi; Diego Augusto Santos Silva; Balbir Bagicha Singh; Ambrish Singh; Virendra Singh; Narinder Pal Singh; Jasvinder A. Singh; Dhirendra Narain Sinha; Malede Mequanent Sisay; Eirini Skiadaresi; David L. Smith; Adauto Martins Soares Filho; Mohammad Reza Sobhiyeh; Anton Sokhan; Joan B. Soriano; Muluken Bekele Sorrie; Ireneous N. Soyiri; Emma Elizabeth Spurlock; Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy; Agus Sudaryanto; Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan; Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria; Bryan L. Sykes; Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos; Takahiro Tabuchi; Degena Bahrey Tadesse; Ingan Ukur Tarigan; Bineyam Taye; Yonatal Mesfin Tefera; Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi; Shishay Wahdey Tekelemedhin; Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle; Mohamad-Hani Temsah; Fisaha Haile Tesfay; Berhe Etsay Tesfay; Zemenu Tadesse Tessema; Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan; Akhil Soman Thekkepurakkal; Nihal Thomas; Robert L. Thompson; Alan J. Thomson; Roman Topor-Madry; Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone; Eugenio Traini; Bach Xuan Tran; Khanh Bao Tran; Irfan Ullah; Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan; Muhammad Shariq Usman; Olalekan A. Uthman; Benjamin S. Chudi Uzochukwu; Pascual R. Valdez; Santosh Varughese; Yousef Veisani; Francesco S. Violante; Sebastian Vollmer; Feleke Gebremeskel Whawariat; Yasir Waheed; Mitchell Taylor Wallin; Yuan-Pang Wang; Yafeng Wang; Kinley Wangdi; Daniel J. Weiss; Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel; Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh; Ronny Westerman; Taweewat Wiangkham; Kirsten E. Wiens; Tissa Wijeratne; Charles Shey Wiysonge; Haileab Fekadu Wolde; Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash; Tewodros Eshete Wonde; Getasew Taddesse Worku; Ali Yadollahpour; Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari; Tomohide Yamada; Mehdi Yaseri; Hiroshi Yatsuya; Alex Yeshaneh; Mekdes Tigistu Yilma; Paul Yip; Engida Yisma; Naohiro Yonemoto; Mustafa Z. Younis; Hebat-Allah Salah A. Yousof; Chuanhua Yu; Hasan Yusefzadeh; Siddhesh Zadey; Telma Zahirian Moghadam; Zoubida Zaidi; Sojib Bin Zaman; Mohammad Zamani; Hamed Zandian; Heather J. Zar; Taddese Alemu Zerfu; Yunquan Zhang; Arash Ziapour; Sanjay Zodpey; Yves Miel H. Zuniga; Simon I. Hay; Robert C. Reiner
Background: Universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities is an essential human right, recognised in the Sustainable Development Goals as crucial for preventing disease and improving human wellbeing. Comprehensive, high-resolution estimates are important to inform progress towards achieving this goal. We aimed to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of access to drinking water and sanitation facilities. Methods: We used a Bayesian geostatistical model and data from 600 sources across more than 88 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) to estimate access to drinking water and sanitation facilities on continuous continent-wide surfaces from 2000 to 2017, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. We estimated mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive subcategories of facilities for drinking water (piped water on or off premises, other improved facilities, unimproved, and surface water) and sanitation facilities (septic or sewer sanitation, other improved, unimproved, and open defecation) with use of ordinal regression. We also estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths in children younger than 5 years attributed to unsafe facilities and estimated deaths that were averted by increased access to safe facilities in 2017, and analysed geographical inequality in access within LMICs. Findings: Across LMICs, access to both piped water and improved water overall increased between 2000 and 2017, with progress varying spatially. For piped water, the safest water facility type, access increased from 40·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 39·4–40·7) to 50·3% (50·0–50·5), but was lowest in sub-Saharan Africa, where access to piped water was mostly concentrated in urban centres. Access to both sewer or septic sanitation and improved sanitation overall also increased across all LMICs during the study period. For sewer or septic sanitation, access was 46·3% (95% UI 46·1–46·5) in 2017, compared with 28·7% (28·5–29·0) in 2000. Although some units improved access to the safest drinking water or sanitation facilities since 2000, a large absolute number of people continued to not have access in several units with high access to such facilities (>80%) in 2017. More than 253 000 people did not have access to sewer or septic sanitation facilities in the city of Harare, Zimbabwe, despite 88·6% (95% UI 87·2–89·7) access overall. Many units were able to transition from the least safe facilities in 2000 to safe facilities by 2017; for units in which populations primarily practised open defecation in 2000, 686 (95% UI 664–711) of the 1830 (1797–1863) units transitioned to the use of improved sanitation. Geographical disparities in access to improved water across units decreased in 76·1% (95% UI 71·6–80·7) of countries from 2000 to 2017, and in 53·9% (50·6–59·6) of countries for access to improved sanitation, but remained evident subnationally in most countries in 2017. Interpretation: Our estimates, combined with geospatial trends in diarrhoeal burden, identify where efforts to increase access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities are most needed. By highlighting areas with successful approaches or in need of targeted interventions, our estimates can enable precision public health to effectively progress towards universal access to safe water and sanitation. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17: Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Robert C. Reiner; Kirsten E. Wiens; Aniruddha Deshpande; Mathew M. Baumann; Paulina A. Lindstedt; Brigette F. Blacker; Christopher E. Troeger; Lucas Earl; Sandra B. Munro; Degu Abate; Hedayat Abbastabar; Foad Abd-Allah; Ahmed Abdelalim; Ibrahim Abdollahpour; Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader; Getaneh Abebe; Kedir Hussein Abegaz; Lucas Guimarães Abreu; Michael R.M. Abrigo; Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi; Dilaram Acharya; Maryam Adabi; Oladimeji M. Adebayo; Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin; Victor Adekanmbi; Olatunji O. Adetokunboh; Davoud Adham; Beyene Meressa Adhena; Mohsen Afarideh; Keivan Ahmadi; Mehdi Ahmadi; Anwar E. Ahmed; Muktar Beshir Ahmed; Rushdia Ahmed; Olufemi Ajumobi; Chalachew Genet Akal; Temesgen Yihunie Akalu; Ali S. Akanda; Genet Melak Alamene; Turki M. Alanzi; James R. Albright; Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde Rabanal; Birhan Tamene Alemnew; Zewdie Aderaw Alemu; Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali; Muhammad Ali; Mehran Alijanzadeh; Vahid Alipour; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; Ali Almasi; Amir Almasi-Hashiani; Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi; Khalid Altirkawi; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk; Azmeraw T. Amare; Saeed Amini; Arianna Maever Loreche Amit; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Masresha Tessema Anegago; Mina Anjomshoa; Fereshteh Ansari; Carl Abelardo T. Antonio; Ernoiz Antriyandarti; Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah; Jalal Arabloo; Olatunde Aremu; Bahram Armoon; Krishna K. Aryal; Afsaneh Arzani; Mohsen Asadi-Lari; Alebachew Fasil Ashagre; Hagos Tasew Atalay; Suleman Atique; Sachin R. Atre; Marcel Ausloos; Leticia Avila-Burgos; Ashish Awasthi; Nefsu Awoke; Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla; Getinet Ayano; Martin Amogre Ayanore; Asnakew Achaw Ayele; Yared Asmare Aynalem; Samad Azari; Ebrahim Babaee; Alaa Badawi; Shankar M. Bakkannavar; Senthilkumar Balakrishnan; Ayele Geleto Bali; Maciej Banach; Aleksandra Barac; Till Winfried Barnighausen; Huda Basaleem; Quique Bassat; Mohsen Bayati; Neeraj Bedi; Masoud Behzadifar; Meysam Behzadifar; Yibeltal Alemu Bekele; Michelle L. Bell; Derrick A. Bennett; Dessalegn Ajema Berbada; Tina Beyranvand; Anusha Ganapati Bhat; Krittika Bhattacharyya; Suraj Bhattarai; Soumyadeep Bhaumik; Ali Bijani; Boris Bikbov; Raaj Kishore Biswas; Kassawmar Angaw Bogale; Somayeh Bohlouli; Oliver J. Brady; Nicola Luigi Bragazzi; Andrey Nikolaevich Briko; Nikolay Ivanovich Briko; Sharath Burugina Nagaraja; Zahid A. Butt; Ismael R. Campos-Nonato; Julio Cesar Campuzano Rincon; Rosario Cárdenas; Felix Carvalho; Franz Castro; Collins Chansa; Pranab Chatterjee; Vijay Kumar Chattu; Bal Govind Chauhan; Ken Lee Chin; Devasahayam J. Christopher; Dinh-Toi Chu; Rafael M. Claro; Natalie M. Cormier; Vera M. Costa; Giovanni Damiani; Farah Daoud; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Amira Hamed Darwish; Ahmad Daryani; Jai K. Das; Rajat Das Gupta; Tamirat Tesfaye Dasa; Claudio Alberto Davila; Nicole Davis Weaver; Dragos Virgil Davitoiu; Jan-Walter De Neve; Feleke Mekonnen Demeke; Asmamaw Bizuneh Demis; Gebre Teklemariam Demoz; Edgar Denova-Gutierrez; Kebede Deribe; Assefa Desalew; Getenet Ayalew Dessie; Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne; Preeti Dhillon; Meghnath Dhimal; Govinda Prasad Dhungana; Daniel Diaz; Eric L. Ding; Helen Derara Diro; Shirin Djalalinia; Huyen Phuc Do; David Teye Doku; Christiane Dolecek; Manisha Dubey; Eleonora Dubljanin; Bereket Duko Adema; Susanna J. Dunachie; Andre R. Durães; Senbagam Duraisamy; Andem Effiong; Aziz Eftekhari; Iman El Sayed; Maysaa El Sayed Zaki; Maha El Tantawi; Demelash Abewa Elemineh; Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary; Hajer Elkout; Aisha Elsharkawy; Shymaa Enany; Aklilu Endalamaw; Daniel Adane Endalew; Sharareh Eskandarieh; Alireza Esteghamati; Arash Etemadi; Tamer H. Farag; Emerito Jose A. Faraon; Mohammad Fareed; Roghiyeh Faridnia; Andrea Farioli; Andre Faro; Hossein Farzam; Ali Akbar Fazaeli; Mehdi Fazlzadeh; Netsanet Fentahun; Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad; Eduarda Fernandes; Irina Filip; Florian Fischer; Masoud Foroutan; Joel Msafiri Francis; Richard Charles Franklin; Joseph Jon Frostad; Takeshi Fukumoto; Reta Tsegaye Gayesa; Kidane Tadesse Gebremariam; Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin; Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel; Getnet Azeze Gedefaw; Yilma Chisha Dea Geramo; Birhanu Geta; Kebede Embaye Gezae; Ahmad Ghashghaee; Fariba Ghassemi; Paramjit Singh Gill; Ibrahim Abdelmageed Ginawi; Srinivas Goli; Nelson G.M. Gomes; Sameer Vali Gopalani; Barbara Niegia Garcia Goulart; Ayman Grada; Harish Chander Gugnani; Davide Guido; Rafael Alves Guimarães; Yuming Guo; Rahul Gupta; Rajeev Gupta; Nima Hafezi-Nejad; Michael Tamene Haile; Gessessew Bugssa Hailu; Arvin Haj-Mirzaian; Arya Haj-Mirzaian; Brian James Hall; Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso; Hamidreza Haririan; Ninuk Hariyani; Ahmed I. Hasaballah; Md. Mehedi Hasan; Amir Hasanzadeh; Hadi Hassankhani; Hamid Yimam Hassen; Desta Haftu Hayelom; Behnam Heidari; Nathaniel J. Henry; Claudiu Herteliu; Fatemeh Heydarpour; Hagos D. de Hidru; Chi Linh Hoang; Praveen Hoogar; Mojtaba Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi; Naznin Hossain; Mostafa Hosseini; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Mowafa Househ; Guoqing Hu; Ayesha Humayun; Syed Ather Hussain; Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Milena D. Ilic; Leeberk Raja Inbaraj; Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani; Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam; Chinwe Juliana Iwu; Anelisa Jaca; Nader Jafari Balalami; Nader Jahanmehr; Mihajlo Jakovljevic; Amir Jalali; Achala Upendra Jayatilleke; Ensiyeh Jenabi; Ravi Prakash Jha; Vivekanand Jha; John S. Ji; Peng Jia; Kimberly B. Johnson; Jost B. Jonas; Jacek Jerzy Jóźwiak; Ali Kabir; Zubair Kabir; Amaha Kahsay; Hamed Kalani; Tanuj Kanchan; Behzad Karami Matin; Andre Karch; Surendra Karki; Amir Kasaeian; Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun; Gbenga A. Kayode; Ali Kazemi Karyani; Peter Njenga Keiyoro; Daniel Bekele Ketema; Yousef Saleh Khader; Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie; Nauman Khalid; Ali Talha Khalil; Ibrahim Khalil; Rovshan Khalilov; Md Nuruzzaman Khan; Ejaz Ahmad Khan; Gulfaraz Khan; Junaid Khan; Khaled Khatab; Amir Khater; Mona M. Khater; Alireza Khatony; Maryam Khayamzadeh; Mohammad Khazaei; Salman Khazaei; Ehsan Khodamoradi; Mohammad Hossein Khosravi; Jagdish Khubchandani; Aliasghar A. Kiadaliri; Yun Jin Kim; Ruth W. Kimokoti; Adnan Kisa; Sezer Kisa; Niranjan Kissoon; Shivakumar K.M. Kondlahalli; Margaret N. Kosek; Ai Koyanagi; Moritz U.G. Kraemer; Kewal Krishan; Nuworza Kugbey; G. Anil Kumar; Manasi Kumar; Pushpendra Kumar; Dian Kusuma; Carlo La Vecchia; Ben Lacey; Aparna Lal; Dharmesh Kumar Lal; Faris Hasan Lami; Van C. Lansingh; Savita Lasrado; Paul H. Lee; Mostafa Leili; Tsegaye Lolaso Lenjebo; Aubrey J. Levine; Sonia Lewycka; Shanshan Li; Shai Linn; Rakesh Lodha; Joshua Longbottom; Platon D. Lopukhov; Sameh Magdeldin; Phetole Walter Mahasha; Narayan Bahadur Mahotra; Deborah Carvalho Malta; Abdullah A. Mamun; Farzad Manafi; Navid Manafi; Ana-Laura Manda; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Chabila Christopher Mapoma; Dadi Marami; Laurie B. Marczak; Francisco Rogerlandio Martins-Melo; Winfried März; Anthony Masaka; Manu Raj Mathur; Pallab K. Maulik; Benjamin K. Mayala; Colm McAlinden; Man Mohan Mehndiratta; Ravi Mehrotra; Kala M. Mehta; Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles; Addisu Melese; Ziad A. Memish; Alemayehu Toma Mena; Ritesh G. Menezes; Melkamu Merid Mengesha; Desalegn Tadese Mengistu; Getnet Mengistu; Tuomo J. Meretoja; Bartosz Miazgowski; Kebadnew Mulatu M. Mihretie; Molly K. Miller-Petrie; Edward J. Mills; Seyed Mostafa Mir; Parvaneh Mirabi; Erkin M. Mirrakhimov; Amjad Mohamadi-Bolbanabad; Dara K. Mohammad; Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad; Yousef Mohammad; Aso Mohammad Darwesh; Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji; Noushin Mohammadifard; Ammas Siraj Mohammed; Jemal Abdu Mohammed; Shafiu Mohammed; Farnam Mohebi; Ali H. Mokdad; Lorenzo Monasta; Yoshan Moodley; Ghobad Moradi; Masoud Moradi; Mohammad Moradi-Joo; Maziar Moradi-Lakeh; Paula Moraga; Abbas Mosapour; Simin Mouodi; Seyyed Meysam Mousavi; Miliva Mozaffor; Atalay Goshu Muluneh; Moses K. Muriithi; Christopher J.L. Murray; G.V.S. Murthy; Kamarul Imran Musa; Ghulam Mustafa; Saravanan Muthupandian; Mehdi Naderi; Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan; Mohsen Naghavi; Farid Najafi; Vinay Nangia; Javad Nazari; Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe; Ionut Negoi; Josephine W. Ngunjiri; Cuong Tat Nguyen; QuynhAnh P. Nguyen; Trang Huyen Nguyen; Dabere Nigatu; Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum; Chukwudi A. Nnaji; Marzieh Nojomi; Jean Jacques Noubiap; In-Hwan Oh; Oluchi Okpala; Andrew T. Olagunju; Ahmed Omar Bali; Obinna E. Onwujekwe; Doris D.V. Ortega-Altamirano; Osayomwanbo Osarenotor; Frank B. Osei; Mayowa Ojo Owolabi; P.A. Mahesh; Jagadish Rao Padubidri; Adrian Pana; Tahereh Pashaei; Sanghamitra Pati; Ajay Patle; George C. Patton; Kebreab Paulos; Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito; Alexandre Pereira; Norberto Perico; Konrad Pesudovs; David M. Pigott; Bakhtiar Piroozi; James A. Platts-Mills; Mario Poljak; Maarten J. Postma; Hadi Pourjafar; Farshad Pourmalek; Akram Pourshams; Hossein Poustchi; Sergio I. Prada; Liliana Preotescu; Hedley Quintana; Mohammad Rabiee; Navid Rabiee; Amir Radfar; Alireza Rafiei; Fakher Rahim; Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar; Muhammad Aziz Rahman; Fatemeh Rajati; Kiana Ramezanzadeh; Saleem M. Rana; Chhabi Lal Ranabhat; Davide Rasella; David Laith Rawaf; Salman Rawaf; Lal Rawal; Giuseppe Remuzzi; Vishnu Renjith; Andre M.N. Renzaho; Melese Abate Reta; Satar Rezaei; Ana Isabel Ribeiro; Jennifer Rickard; Carlos Miguel Rios González; Maria Jesus Rios-Blancas; Leonardo Roever; Luca Ronfani; Elias Merdassa Roro; Ali Rostami; Dietrich Rothenbacher; Enrico Rubagotti; Salvatore Rubino; Anas M. Saad; Siamak Sabour; Ehsan Sadeghi; Saeed Safari; Mahdi Safdarian; Rajesh Sagar; Mohammad Ali Sahraian; S. Mohammad Sajadi; Mohammad Reza Salahshoor; Nasir Salam; Farkhonde Salehi; Saleh Salehi Zahabi; Hosni Salem; Marwa R. Rashad Salem; Yahya Salimi; Hamideh Salimzadeh; Evanson Zondani Sambala; Abdallah M. Samy; Juan Sanabria; Itamar S. Santos; Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy; Abdur Razzaque Sarker; Benn Sartorius; Brijesh Sathian; Maheswar Satpathy; Alyssa N. Sbarra; Lauren E. Schaeffer; David C. Schwebel; Anbissa Muleta Senbeta; Subramanian Senthilkumaran; Hosein Shabaninejad; Amira A. Shaheen; Masood Ali Shaikh; Ali S. Shalash; Seifadin Ahmed Shallo; Mehran Shams-Beyranvand; Mohammad Bagher Shamsi; Morteza Shamsizadeh; Mehdi Sharif; Muki Shehu Shey; Kenji Shibuya; Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw; Mika Shigematsu; Apurba Shil; Jae Il Shin; Rahman Shiri; Reza Shirkoohi; Si Si; Soraya Siabani; Jasvinder A. Singh; Narinder Pal Singh; Dhirendra Narain Sinha; Malede Mequanent Sisay; Eirini Skiadaresi; David L. Smith; Mohammad Reza Sobhiyeh; Anton Sokhan; Moslem Soofi; Joan B. Soriano; Muluken Bekele Sorrie; Ireneous N. Soyiri; Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy; Agus Sudaryanto; Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan; Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria; Bryan L. Sykes; Koku Sisay Tamirat; Aberash Abay Tassew; Nuno Taveira; Bineyam Taye; Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi; Mohamad-Hani Temsah; Berhe Etsay Tesfay; Fisaha Haile Tesfay; Zemenu Tadesse Tessema; Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan; Sathish Thirunavukkarasu; Nihal Thomas; Kenean Getaneh Tlaye; Boikhutso Tlou; Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone; Eugenio Traini; Khanh Bao Tran; Indang Trihandini; Irfan Ullah; Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan; Sahel Valadan Tahbaz; Pascual R. Valdez; Santosh Varughese; Yousef Veisani; Francesco S. Violante; Sebastian Vollmer; Theo Vos; Fiseha Wadilo Wada; Yasir Waheed; Yafeng Wang; Yuan-Pang Wang; Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel; Catherine A. Welgan; Ronny Westerman; Taweewat Wiangkham; Tissa Wijeratne; Charles Shey Wiysonge; Haileab Fekadu Wolde; Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash; Tewodros Eshete Wonde; Ai-Min Wu; Gelin Xu; Ali Yadollahpour; Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari; Tomohide Yamada; Mehdi Yaseri; Muluken Azage Yenesew; Alex Yeshaneh; Mekdes Tigistu Yilma; Ebrahim M. Yimer; Paul Yip; Biruck Desalegn Yirsaw; Engida Yisma; Naohiro Yonemoto; Mustafa Z. Younis; Hebat-Allah Salah A. Yousof; Chuanhua Yu; Hasan Yusefzadeh; Mohammad Zamani; Carlos Zambrana-Torrelio; Hamed Zandian; Ayalew Jejaw Zeleke; Nejimu Biza Zepro; Taye Abuhay Zewale; Dongyu Zhang; Yunquan Zhang; Xiu-Ju Zhao; Arash Ziapour; Sanjay Zodpey; Simon I. Hay
Background Across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood diarrhoea. Methods We used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor estimates. Findings The greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1-65·8), 17·4% (7·7-28·4), and 59·5% (34·2-86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy coverage. Interpretation By co-analysing geospatial trends in diarrhoeal burden and its key risk factors, we could assess candidate drivers of subnational death reduction. Further, by doing a counterfactual analysis of the remaining disease burden using key risk factors, we identified potential intervention strategies for vulnerable populations. In view of the demands for limited resources in LMICs, accurately quantifying the burden of diarrhoea and its drivers is important for precision public health. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17
(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Kirsten E. Wiens; Paulina A. Lindstedt; Brigette F. Blacker; Kimberly B. Johnson; Mathew M. Baumann; Lauren E. Schaeffer; Hedayat Abbastabar; Foad Abd-Allah; Ahmed Abdelalim; Ibrahim Abdollahpour; Kedir Hussein Abegaz; Ayenew Negesse Abejie; Lucas Guimarães Abreu; Michael R.M. Abrigo; Ahmed Abualhasan; Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi; Dilaram Acharya; Maryam Adabi; Abdu A. Adamu; Oladimeji M. Adebayo; Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin; Victor Adekanmbi; Olatunji O. Adetokunboh; Beyene Meressa Adhena; Mohsen Afarideh; Sohail Ahmad; Keivan Ahmadi; Anwar E. Ahmed; Muktar Beshir Ahmed; Rushdia Ahmed; Temesgen Yihunie Akalu; Fares Alahdab; Ziyad Al-Aly; Noore Alam; Samiah Alam; Genet Melak Alamene; Turki M. Alanzi; Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal; Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali; Mehran Alijanzadeh; Vahid Alipour; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; Ali Almasi; Amir Almasi-Hashiani; Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi; Khalid A. Altirkawi; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk; Saeed Amini; Arianna Maever L. Amit; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Mina Anjomshoa; Amir Anoushiravani; Fereshteh Ansari; Carl Abelardo T. Antonio; Benny Antony; Ernoiz Antriyandarti; Jalal Arabloo; Hany Mohamed Amin Aref; Olatunde Aremu; Bahram Armoon; Amit Arora; Krishna K. Aryal; Afsaneh Arzani; Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi; Hagos Tasew Atalay; Seyyed Shamsadin Athari; Seyyede Masoume Athari; Sachin R. Atre; Marcel Ausloos; Nefsu Awoke; Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla; Getinet Ayano; Martin Amogre Ayanore; Yared Asmare Aynalem; Samad Azari; Peter S. Azzopardi; Ebrahim Babaee; Tesleem Kayode Babalola; Alaa Badawi; Mohan Bairwa; Shankar M. Bakkannavar; Senthilkumar Balakrishnan; Ayele Geleto Bali; Maciej Banach; Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub; Aleksandra Barac; Till Winfried Bärnighausen; Huda Basaleem; Sanjay Basu; Vo Dinh Bay; Mohsen Bayati; Estifanos Baye; Neeraj Bedi; Mahya Beheshti; Masoud Behzadifar; Meysam Behzadifar; Bayu Begashaw Bekele; Yaschilal Muche Belayneh; Michelle L. Bell; Derrick A. Bennett; Dessalegn Ajema Berbada; Robert S. Bernstein; Anusha Ganapati Bhat; Krittika Bhattacharyya; Suraj Bhattarai; Soumyadeep Bhaumik; Zulfiqar A. Bhutta; Ali Bijani; Boris Bikbov; Binyam Minuye Birihane; Raaj Kishore Biswas; Somayeh Bohlouli; Hunduma Amensisa Bojia; Soufiane Boufous; Oliver J. Brady; Nicola Luigi Bragazzi; Andrey Nikolaevich Briko; Nikolay Ivanovich Briko; Gabrielle B. Britton; Sharath Burugina Nagaraja; Reinhard Busse; Zahid A. Butt; Luis Alberto Cámera; Ismael R. Campos-Nonato; Jorge Cano; Josip Car; Rosario Cárdenas; Felix Carvalho; Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela; Franz Castro; Wagaye Fentahun Chanie; Pranab Chatterjee; Vijay Kumar Chattu; Tesfaye Yitna Chichiabellu; Ken Lee Chin; Devasahayam J. Christopher; Dinh-Toi Chu; Natalie Maria Cormier; Vera Marisa Costa; Carlos Culquichicon; Matiwos Soboka Daba; Giovanni Damiani; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Anh Kim Dang; Aso Mohammad Darwesh; Amira Hamed Darwish; Ahmad Daryani; Jai K. Das; Rajat Das Gupta; Aditya Prasad Dash; Gail Davey; Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes; Adrian C. Davis; Dragos Virgil Davitoiu; Fernando Pio De la Hoz; Asmamaw Bizuneh Demis; Dereje Bayissa Demissie; Getu Debalkie Demissie; Gebre Teklemariam Demoz; Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez; Kebede Deribe; Assefa Desalew; Aniruddha Deshpande; Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne; Preeti Dhillon; Meghnath Dhimal; Govinda Prasad Dhungana; Daniel Diaz; Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu; Shirin Djalalinia; Kerrie E. Doyle; Eleonora Dubljanin; Bereket Duko; Andre Rodrigues Duraes; Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan; Hisham Atan Edinur; Andem Effiong; Aziz Eftekhari; Nevine El Nahas; Iman El Sayed; Maysaa El Sayed Zaki; Maha El Tantawi; Teshome Bekele Elema; Hala Rashad Elhabashy; Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary; Hajer Elkout; Aisha Elsharkawy; Iqbal R.F. Elyazar; Aklilu Endalamaw; Daniel Adane Endalew; Sharareh Eskandarieh; Alireza Esteghamati; Sadaf Esteghamati; Arash Etemadi; Oluchi Ezekannagha; Mohammad Fareed; Roghiyeh Faridnia; Farshad Farzadfar; Mehdi Fazlzadeh; Valery L. Feigin; Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad; Eduarda Fernandes; Irina Filip; Florian Fischer; Nataliya A. Foigt; Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan; Masoud Foroutan; Richard Charles Franklin; Takeshi Fukumoto; Mohamed M. Gad; Reta Tsegaye Gayesa; Teshome Gebre; Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin; Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel; Hailay Abrha Gesesew; Kebede Embaye Gezae; Keyghobad Ghadiri; Ahmad Ghashghaee; Pramesh Raj Ghimire; Paramjit Singh Gill; Tiffany K. Gill; Themba G. Ginindza; Nelson G.M. Gomes; Sameer Vali Gopalani; Alessandra C. Goulart; Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart; Ayman Grada; Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari; Harish Chander Gugnani; Davide Guido; Rafael Alves Guimarães; Yuming Guo; Rajeev Gupta; Nima Hafezi-Nejad; Dessalegn H. Haile; Gessessew Bugssa Hailu; Arvin Haj-Mirzaian; Arya Haj-Mirzaian; Randah R. Hamadeh; Samer Hamidi; Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso; Hamidreza Haririan; Ninuk Hariyani; Ahmed I. Hasaballah; Md Mehedi Hasan; Edris Hasanpoor; Amir Hasanzadeh; Hadi Hassankhani; Hamid Yimam Hassen; Mohamed I. Hegazy; Behzad Heibati; Behnam Heidari; Delia Hendrie; Nathaniel J. Henry; Claudiu Herteliu; Fatemeh Heydarpour; Hagos Degefa De Hidru; Thomas R. Hird; Chi Linh Hoang; Enayatollah Homaie Rad; Praveen Hoogar; Mohammad Hoseini; Naznin Hossain; Mostafa Hosseini; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Mowafa Househ; Mohamed Hsairi; Guoqing Hu; Mohammedaman Mama Hussen; Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye; Ehimario U. Igumbor; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Milena D. Ilic; Mohammad Hasan Imani-Nasab; Usman Iqbal; Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani; Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam; Chinwe Juliana Iwu; Neda Izadi; Anelisa Jaca; Nader Jahanmehr; Mihajlo Jakovljevic; Amir Jalali; Achala Upendra Jayatilleke; Ravi Prakash Jha; Vivekanand Jha; John S. Ji; Jost B. Jonas; Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak; Ali Kabir; Zubair Kabir; Amaha Kahsay; Hamed Kalani; Tanuj Kanchan; Behzad Karami Matin; André Karch; Mohd Anisul Karim; Hamidreza Karimi-Sari Surendra Karki; Amir Kasaeian; Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun; Yawukal Chane Kasahun; Habtamu Kebebe Kasaye; Gebrehiwot G. Kassa; Getachew Mullu Kassa; Gbenga A. Kayode; Ali Kazemi Karyani; Mihiretu M. Kebede; Peter Njenga Keiyoro; Abraham Getachew Kelbore; Andre Pascal Kengne; Daniel Bekele Ketema; Yousef Saleh Khader; Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie; Nauman Khalid; Rovshan Khalilov; Ejaz Ahmad Khan; Junaid Khan; Md Nuruzzaman Khan; Muhammad Shahzeb Khan; Khaled Khatab; Amir M. Khater; Mona M. Khater; Maryam Khayamzadeh; Mohammad Khazaei; Salman Khazaei; Mohammad Hossein Khosravi; Jagdish Khubchandani; Ali Kiadaliri; Yun Jin Kim; Ruth W. Kimokoti; Adnan Kisa; Sezer Kisa; Niranjan Kissoon; K.M. Shivakumar; Sonali Kochhar; Tufa Kolola; Hamidreza Komaki; Soewarta Kosen; Parvaiz A. Koul; Ai Koyanagi; Moritz U.G. Kraemer; Kewal Krishan; Nuworza Kugbey; G. Anil Kumar; Manasi Kumar; Pushpendra Kumar; Vivek Kumar; Dian Kusuma; Carlo La Vecchia; Ben Lacey; Sheetal D. Lad; Dharmesh Kumar Lal; Felix Lam; Faris Hasan Lami; Prabhat Lamichhane; Van Charles Lansingh; Savita Lasrado; Avula Laxmaiah; Paul H. Lee; Kate E. LeGrand; Mostafa Leili; Tsegaye Lolaso Lenjebo; Cheru Tesema Leshargie; Aubrey J. Levine; Shanshan Li; Shai Linn; Shiwei Liu; Simin Liu; Rakesh Lodha; Joshua Longbottom; Jaifred Christian F. Lopez; Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek; Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek; DR. Mahadeshwara Prasad; Phetole Walter Mahasha; Narayan B. Mahotra; Azeem Majeed; Reza Malekzadeh; Deborah Carvalho Malta; Abdullah A. Mamun; Navid Manafi; Ana Laura Manda; Narendar Dawani Dawanu Manohar; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Chabila Christopher Mapoma; Joemer C. Maravilla; Gabriel Martinez; Santi Martini; Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo; Anthony Masaka; Benjamin Ballard Massenburg; Manu Raj Mathur; Benjamin K. Mayala; Mohsen Mazidi; Colm McAlinden; Birhanu Geta Meharie; Man Mohan Mehndiratta; Kala M. Mehta; Tefera Chane Mekonnen; Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles; Peter T.N. Memiah; Ziad A. Memish; Walter Mendoza; Ritesh G. Menezes; Seid Tiku Mereta; Tuomo J. Meretoja; Tomislav Mestrovic; Bartosz Miazgowski; Kebadnew Mulatu Mihretie; Ted R. Miller; G.K. Mini; Erkin M. Mirrakhimov; Babak Moazen; Bahram Mohajer; Amjad Mohamadi-Bolbanabad; Dara K. Mohammad; Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad; Yousef Mohammad; Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji; Roghayeh Mohammadibakhsh; Noushin Mohammadifard; Jemal Abdu Mohammed; Shafiu Mohammed; Farnam Mohebi; Ali H. Mokdad; Mariam Molokhia; Lorenzo Monasta; Yoshan Moodley; Catrin E. Moore; Ghobad Moradi; Masoud Moradi; Mohammad Moradi-Joo; Maziar Moradi-Lakeh; Paula Moraga; Linda Morales; Ilais Moreno Velásquez; Abbas Mosapour; Simin Mouodi; Seyyed Meysam Mousavi; Miliva Mozaffor; Kindie Fentahun Muchie; Getahun Fentaw Mulaw; Sandra B. Munro; Moses K. Muriithi; Christoper J.L. Murray; G.V.S. Murthy; Kamarul Imran Musa; Ghulam Mustafa; Saravanan Muthupandian; Ashraf F. Nabhan; Mehdi Naderi; Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan; Kovin S. Naidoo; Gurudatta Naik; Farid Najafi; Vinay Nangia; Jobert Richie Nansseu; Bruno Ramos Nascimento; Javad Nazari; Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe; Ionut Negoi; Henok Biresaw Netsere; Josephine W. Ngunjiri; Cuong Tat Nguyen; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen; Trang Huyen Nguyen; Dabere Nigatu; Solomon Gedlu Nigatu; Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum; Chukwudi A. Nnaji; Marzieh Nojomi; Vuong Minh Nong; Ole F. Norheim; Jean Jacques Noubiap; Soraya Nouraei Motlagh; Bogdan Oancea; Okechukwu Samuel Ogah; Felix Akpojene Ogbo; In-Hwan Oh; Andrew T. Olagunju; Tinuke O. Olagunju; Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya; Jacob Olusegun Olusanya; Obinna E. Onwujekwe; Eyal Oren; Doris V. Ortega-Altamirano; Osayomwanbo Osarenotor; Frank B. Osei; Mayowa O. Owolabi; Mahesh P A; Jagadish Rao Padubidri; Smita Pakhale; Sangram Kishor Patel; Angel J. Paternina-Caicedo; Ashish Pathak; George C. Patton; Deepak Paudel; Kebreab Paulos; Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito; Alexandre Pereira; Norberto Perico; Aslam Pervaiz; Julia Moreira Pescarini; Bakhtiar Piroozi; Meghdad Pirsaheb; Maarten J. Postma; Hadi Pourjafar; Farshad Pourmalek; Akram Pourshams; Hossein Poustchi; Sergio I. Prada; Narayan Prasad; Liliana Preotescu; Hedley Quintana; Navid Rabiee; Amir Radfar; Alireza Rafiei; Fakher Rahim; Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar; Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar; Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman; Muhammad Aziz Rahman; Shafiur Rahman; Fatemeh Rajati; Saleem Muhammad Rana; Chhabi Lal Ranabhat; Davide Rasella; David Laith Rawaf; Salman Rawaf; Lal Rawal; Wasiq Faraz Rawasia; Vishnu Renjith; Andre M.N. Renzaho; Serge Resnikoff; Melese Abate Reta; Negar Rezaei; Mohammad Sadegh Rezai; Seyed Mohammad Riahi; Ana Isabel Ribeiro; Jennifer Rickard; Maria Rios-Blancas; Leonardo Roever; Luca Ronfani; Elias Merdassa Roro; Jennifer M. Ross; Enrico Rubagotti; Salvatore Rubino; Anas M. Saad; Yogesh Damodar Sabde; Siamak Sabour; Ehsan Sadeghi; Yahya Safari; Roya Safari-Faramani; Rajesh Sagar; Amirhossein Sahebkar; Mohammad Ali Sahraian; S. Mohammad Sajadi; Mohammad Reza Salahshoor; Nasir Salam; Payman Salamati; Hosni Salem; Marwa Rashad Salem; Yahya Salimi; Hamideh Salimzadeh; Abdallah M. Samy; Juan Sanabria; Milena M. Santric-Milicevic; Bruno Piassi Sao Jose; Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy; Kaushik Sarkar; Abdur Razzaque Sarker; Nizal Sarrafzadegan; Benn Sartorius; Brijesh Sathian; Thirunavukkarasu Sathish; Monika Sawhney; Sonia Saxena; David C. Schwebel; Anbissa Muleta Senbeta; Subramanian Senthilkumaran; Sadaf G. Sepanlou; Edson Serván-Mori; Hosein Shabaninejad; Azadeh Shafieesabet; Masood Ali Shaikh; Ali S. Shalash; Seifadin Ahmed Shallo; Mehran Shams-Beyranvand; Mohammad Bagher Shamsi; Morteza Shamsizadeh; Mohammed Shannawaz; Kiomars Sharafi; Hamid Sharifi; Hatem Samir Shehata; Aziz Sheikh; B. Suresh Kumar Shetty; Kenji Shibuya; Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw; Desalegn Markos Shifti; Mika Shigematsu; Jae Il Shin; Rahman Shiri; Reza Shirkoohi; Soraya Siabani; Tariq Jamal Siddiqi; Diego Augusto Santos Silva; Ambrish Singh; Jasvinder A. Singh; Narinder Pal Singh; Virendra Singh; Malede Mequanent Sisay; Eirini Skiadaresi; Mohammad Reza Sobhiyeh; Anton Sokhan; Shahin Soltani; Ranjani Somayaji; Moslem Soofi; Muluken Bekele Sorrie; Ireneous N. Soyiri; Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy; Agus Sudaryanto; Mu’awiyyah Babale Sufiyan; Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria; Marufa Sultana; Bruno Fokas Sunguya; Bryan L. Sykes; Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos; Takahiro Tabuchi; Degena Bahrey Tadesse; Ingan Ukur Tarigan; Aberash Abay Tasew; Yonatal Mesfin Tefera; Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle; Mohamad-Hani Temsah; Berhe Etsay Tesfay; Fisaha Haile Tesfay; Belay Tessema; Zemenu Tadesse Tessema; Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan; Nihal Thomas; Alemayehu Toma; Roman Topor-Madry; Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone; Eugenio Traini; Bach Xuan Tran; Khanh Bao Tran; Irfan Ullah; Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan; Muhammad Shariq Usman; Benjamin S. Chudi Uzochukwu; Pascual R. Valdez; Santosh Varughese; Francesco S. Violante; Sebastian Vollmer; Feleke Gebremeskel Whawariat; Yasir Waheed; Mitchell Taylor Wallin; Yafeng Wang; Yuan-Pang Wang; Marcia Weaver; Bedilu Girma Weji; Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel; Catherine A. Welgan; Andrea Werdecker; Ronny Westerman; Taweewat Wiangkham; Charles Shey Wiysonge; Haileab Fekadu Wolde; Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash; Tewodros Eshete Wonde; Getasew Taddesse Worku; Ai-Min Wu; Gelin Xu; Ali Yadollahpour; Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari; Tomohide Yamada; Hiroshi Yatsuya; Alex Yeshaneh; Christopher Sabo Yilgwan; Mekdes Tigistu Yilma; Paul Yip; Engida Yisma; Naohiro Yonemoto; Seok-Jun Yoon; Mustafa Z. Younis; Mahmoud Yousefifard; Hebat-Allah Salah A. Yousof; Chuanhua Yu; Hasan Yusefzadeh; Siddhesh Zadey; Zoubida Zaidi; Sojib Bin Zaman; Mohammad Zamani; Hamed Zandian; Nejimu Biza Zepro; Taddese Alemu Zerfu; Yunquan Zhang; Xiu-Ju George Zhao; Arash Ziapour; Sanjay Zodpey; Yves Miel H. Zuniga; Simon I. Hay; Robert C. Reiner
Background: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a form of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea that has the potential to drastically reduce child mortality; yet, according to UNICEF estimates, less than half of children younger than 5 years with diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) received ORS in 2016. A variety of recommended home fluids (RHF) exist as alternative forms of ORT; however, it is unclear whether RHF prevent child mortality. Previous studies have shown considerable variation between countries in ORS and RHF use, but subnational variation is unknown. This study aims to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of relative and absolute coverage of ORS, RHF, and ORT (use of either ORS or RHF) in LMICs. Methods: We used a Bayesian geostatistical model including 15 spatial covariates and data from 385 household surveys across 94 LMICs to estimate annual proportions of children younger than 5 years of age with diarrhoea who received ORS or RHF (or both) on continuous continent-wide surfaces in 2000–17, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. Additionally, we analysed geographical inequality in coverage across administrative units and estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths averted by increased coverage over the study period. Uncertainty in the mean coverage estimates was calculated by taking 250 draws from the posterior joint distribution of the model and creating uncertainty intervals (UIs) with the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of those 250 draws. Findings: While ORS use among children with diarrhoea increased in some countries from 2000 to 2017, coverage remained below 50% in the majority (62·6%; 12 417 of 19 823) of second administrative-level units and an estimated 6 519 000 children (95% UI 5 254 000–7 733 000) with diarrhoea were not treated with any form of ORT in 2017. Increases in ORS use corresponded with declines in RHF in many locations, resulting in relatively constant overall ORT coverage from 2000 to 2017. Although ORS was uniformly distributed subnationally in some countries, within-country geographical inequalities persisted in others; 11 countries had at least a 50% difference in one of their units compared with the country mean. Increases in ORS use over time were correlated with declines in RHF use and in diarrhoeal mortality in many locations, and an estimated 52 230 diarrhoeal deaths (36 910–68 860) were averted by scaling up of ORS coverage between 2000 and 2017. Finally, we identified key subnational areas in Colombia, Nigeria, and Sudan as examples of where diarrhoeal mortality remains higher than average, while ORS coverage remains lower than average. Interpretation: To our knowledge, this study is the first to produce and map subnational estimates of ORS, RHF, and ORT coverage and attributable child diarrhoeal deaths across LMICs from 2000 to 2017, allowing for tracking progress over time. Our novel results, combined with detailed subnational estimates of diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality, can support subnational needs assessments aimed at furthering policy makers' understanding of within-country disparities. Over 50 years after the discovery that led to this simple, cheap, and life-saving therapy, large gains in reducing mortality could still be made by reducing geographical inequalities in ORS coverage. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017
(Nature Research, 2020) Damaris K. Kinyoki; Jennifer M. Ross; Alice Lazzar-Atwood; Sandra B. Munro; Lauren E. Schaeffer; Mahdieh Abbasalizad-Farhangi; Masoumeh Abbasi; Hedayat Abbastabar; Ahmed Abdelalim; Amir Abdoli; Mohammad Abdollahi; Ibrahim Abdollahpour; Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader; Nebiyu Dereje Abebe; Teshome Abuka Abebo; Kedir Hussein Abegaz; Hassan Abolhassani; Lucas Guimarães Abreu; Michael R. M. Abrigo; Abdelrahman I. Abushouk; Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi; Dilaram Acharya; Maryam Adabi; Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi; Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji; Victor Adekanmbi; Abiodun Moshood Adeoye; Olatunji O. Adetokunboh; Davoud Adham; Posi Emmanuel Aduroja; Shailesh M. Advani; Mohsen Afarideh; Mohammad Aghaali; Anurag Agrawal; Tauseef Ahmad; Keivan Ahmadi; Sepideh Ahmadi; Muktar Beshir Ahmed; Rushdia Ahmed; Olufemi Ajumobi; Chalachew Genet Akal; Temesgen Yihunie Akalu; Tomi Akinyemiju; Blessing Akombi; Ziyad Al-Aly; Samiah Alam; Genet Melak Alamene; Turki M. Alanzi; Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde Rabanal; Niguse Meles Alema; Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali; Muhammad Ali; Mehran Alijanzadeh; Cyrus Alinia; Vahid Alipour; Hesam Alizade; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; Afshin Almasi; Amir Almasi-Hashiani; Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi; Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi; Khalid Altirkawi; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk; Azmeraw T. Amare; Adeladza Kofi Amegah; Saeed Amini; Mostafa Amini Rarani; Fatemeh Amiri; Arianna Maever Loreche Amit; Nahla Hamed Anber; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Fereshteh Ansari; Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam; Zelalem Alamrew Anteneh; Carl Abelardo T. Antonio; Ernoiz Antriyandarti; Davood Anvari; Razique Anwer; Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah; Jalal Arabloo; Morteza Arab-Zozani; Ephrem Mebrahtu Araya; Zohreh Arefi; Olatunde Aremu; Johan Ärnlöv; Afsaneh Arzani; Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi; Ali A. Asadi-Pooya; Samaneh Asgari; Babak Asghari; Alebachew Fasil Ashagre; Anemaw A. Asrat; Bahar Ataeinia; Hagos Tasew Atalay; Desta Debalkie Atnafu; Maha Moh’d Wahbi Atout; Marcel Ausloos; Euripide F. G. A. Avokpaho; Ashish Awasthi; Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla; Martin Amogre Ayanore; Yared A. Asmare Aynalem; Abbas Azadmehr; Samad Azari; Ghasem Azarian; Zelalem Nigussie Azene; Ebrahim Babaee; Alaa Badawi; Ashish D. Badiye; Mohamad Amin Bahrami; Atif Amin A. Baig; Ahad Bakhtiari; Shankar M. Bakkannavar; Senthilkumar Balakrishnan; Ayele Geleto Bali; Maciej Banach; Palash Chandra Banik; Zahra Baradaran-Seyed; Adhanom Gebreegziabher Baraki; Miguel A. Barboza; Till Winfried Bärnighausen; Lingkan Barua; Huda Basaleem; Sanjay Basu; Mohsen Bayati; Mulat Tirfie Bayih; Habtamu Wondifraw Baynes; Neeraj Bedi; Masoud Behzadifar; Meysam Behzadifar; Yibeltal Alemu Bekele; Derrick A. Bennett; Dessalegn Ajema Berbada; Kidanemaryam Berhe; Abadi Kidanemariam Berhe; Adam E. Berman; Robert S. Bernstein; Reshmi Bhageerathy; Dinesh Bhandari; Pankaj Bharadwaj; Natalia V. Bhattacharjee; Krittika Bhattacharyya; Ali Bijani; Boris Bikbov; Ver Bilano; Nigus Bililign; Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed; Setognal Birara; Minuye Biniam Biniam Birhane; Minyichil Birhanu; Raaj Kishore Biswas; Zebenay Workneh Bitew; Kassawmar Angaw Bogale; Somayeh Bohlouli; Srinivasa Rao Bolla; Archith Boloor; Antonio M. Borzì; Shiva Borzouei; Oliver J. Brady; Nicola Luigi Bragazzi; Dejana Braithwaite; Nikolay Ivanovich Briko; Gabrielle Britton; Shyam S. Budhathoki; Sharath Burugina Nagaraja; Reinhard Busse; Zahid A. Butt; Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado; Luis Alberto Cámera; Ismael R. Campos-Nonato; Jorge Cano; Josip Car; Rosario Cárdenas; Juan J. Carrero; Félix Carvalho; João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia; Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela; Franz Castro; Ester Cerin; Collins Chansa; Jaykaran Charan; Pranab Chatterjee; Vijay Kumar Chattu; Bal Govind Chauhan; Ali Reza Chavshin; Mohammad Chehrazi; Tesfaye Yitna Chichiabellu; Ken Lee Chin; Devasahayam J. Christopher; Dinh-Toi Chu; Flavia M. Cicuttini; Michael L. Collison; Michael A. Cork; Natalie Cormier; Paolo Angelo Cortesi; Vera M. Costa; Abel Fekadu Fekadu Dadi; Baye Dagnew; Saad M. A. Dahlawi; Giovanni Damiani; Amira Hamed Darwish; Ahmad Daryani; Jai K. Das; Rajat Das Gupta; Claudio Dávila-Cervantes; Nicole Davis Weaver; Diego De Leo; Jan-Walter De Neve; Feleke Mekonnen Demeke; Asmamaw Bizuneh Demis; Dereje Bayissa Demissie; Gebre Teklemariam Demoz; Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez; Kebede Deribe; Rupak Desai; Beruk Berhanu Desalegn; Assefa Desalew; Aniruddha Deshpande; Sagnik Dey; Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne; Preeti Dhillon; Meghnath Dhimal; Govinda Prasad Dhungana; Mostafa Dianati Nasab; Daniel Diaz; Zahra Sadat Dibaji Forooshani; Girmaye Deye Dinsa; Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu; Shirin Djalalinia; Hoa Thi Do; Huyen Phuc Do; Paul Narh Doku; Fariba Dorostkar; Leila Doshmangir; Manisha Dubey; Bereket Duko Adema; Susanna J. Dunachie; Bruce B. Duncan; Andre R. Durães; Lucas Earl; Hamed Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo; Aziz Eftekhari; Iman El Sayed; Maysaa El Sayed Zaki; Maha El Tantawi; Iffat Elbarazi; Demelash Abewa Elemineh; Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary; Ziad El-Khatib; Aisha Elsharkawy; Yasser Mohamed El-Sherbiny; Iqbal R. F. Elyazar; Mohammad Hassan Emamian; Shymaa Enany; Daniel Adane Endalew; Melese Linger Endalifer; Khalil Eskandari; Sharareh Eskandarieh; Saman Esmaeilnejad; Alireza Esteghamati; Arash Etemadi; Atkilt Esaiyas Etisso; Jessica Fanzo; Mohammad Farahmand; Anwar Faraj; Sajjad Farashi; Mohammad Fareed; Andrea Farioli; Andre Faro; Farshad Farzadfar; Hossein Farzam; Syeda Sadia Fatima; Nazir Fattahi; Nelsensius Klau Fauk; Ali Akbar Fazaeli; Netsanet Fentahun; Tomas Y. Ferede; Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad; Eduarda Fernandes; João C. Fernandes; Garumma Tolu Feyissa; Irina Filip; Florian Fischer; Carsten Flohr; Nataliya A. Foigt; Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan; Artem Alekseevich Fomenkov; Masoud Foroutan; Jana Förster; Joel Msafiri Francis; Takeshi Fukumoto; Reta Tsegaye Gayesa; Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam; Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot; Hadush Gebremariam; Kidane Tadesse Gebremariam; Ketema Bizuwork Bizuwork Gebremedhin; Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel; Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Gebreslassie; Gebretsadkan G. G. Gebretsadik; Getnet Azeze Gedefaw; Yilma Chisha Dea Geramo; Hailay Abrha Gesesew; Birhanu Geta; Agegnehu Bante Getenet; Kebede Embaye Gezae; Fatemeh Ghaffarifar; Mansour Ghafourifard; Alireza Ghajar; Mahsa Ghajarzadeh; Ahmad Ghashghaee; Hesam Ghiasvand; Asadollah Gholamian; Syed Amir Gilani; Tiffany K. Gill; Ibrahim Abdelmageed Ginawi; Srinivas Goli; Nelson G. M. Gomes; Sameer Vali Gopalani; Houman Goudarzi; Alessandra C. Goulart; Arunkumar Govindakarnavar; Ayman Grada; Michal Grivna; Rafael Alves Guimarães; Rashid Abdi Guled; Yuming Guo; Rahul Gupta; Rajeev Gupta; Nima Hafezi-Nejad; Michael Tamene Haile; Arvin Haj-Mirzaian; Arya Haj-Mirzaian; Brian J. Hall; Iman Halvaei; Randah R. Hamadeh; Yadollah Hamidi; Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso; Graeme J. Hankey; Hamidreza Haririan; Ninuk Hariyani; Ahmed I. Hasaballah; Md. Mehedi Hasan; Milad Hasankhani; Edris Hasanpoor; Amir Hasanzadeh; Maryam Hashemian; Soheil Hassanipour; Hamid Yimam Hassen; Rasmus Havmoeller; Corinna Hawkes; Khezar Hayat; Desta Haftu Hayelom; Behnam Heidari; Reza Heidari-Soureshjani; Delia Hendrie; Andualem Henok; Nathaniel J. Henry; Mario Herrero; Claudiu Herteliu; Fatemeh Heydarpour; Hagos D. de Hidru; Chi Linh Hoang; Hans W. Hoek; Michael K. Hole; Ramesh Holla; Gillian Hollerich; Enayatollah Homaie Rad; Sung Hwi Hong; Praveen Hoogar; Masako Horino; Naznin Hossain; Mostafa Hosseini; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Mihaela Hostiuc; Sorin Hostiuc; Mowafa Househ; Mohamed Hsairi; Guoqing Hu; Tanvir M. Huda; Ayesha Humayun; Bing-Fang Hwang; Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Milena D. Ilic; Mohammad Hasan Imani-Nasab; Leeberk Raja Inbaraj; Usman Iqbal; Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani; Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam; Chidozie C. D. Iwu; Chinwe Juliana Iwu; Neda Izadi; Jalil Jaafari; Anelisa Jaca; Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh; Nader Jafari Balalami; Morteza Jafarinia; Mohammad Ali Jahani; Mihajlo Jakovljevic; Amir Jalali; Farzad Jalilian; Achala Upendra Jayatilleke; Panniyammakal Jeemon; Fyezah Jehan; Ensiyeh Jenabi; Ravi Prakash Jha; Vivekanand Jha; John S. Ji; Peng Jia; Oommen John; Yetunde O. John-Akinola; Kimberly B. Johnson; Jost B. Jonas; Nitin Joseph; Farahnaz Joukar; Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak; Suresh Banayya Jungari; Mikk Jürisson; Ali Kabir; Zubair Kabir; Amaha Kahsay; Molla Kahssay; Hamed Kalani; Leila L. Kalankesh; Rohollah Kalhor; Zahra Kamiab; Tanuj Kanchan; Umesh Kapil; Neeti Kapoor; Manoochehr Karami; Behzad Karami Matin; André Karch; Mohd A. Karim; Surendra Karki; Amir Kasaeian; Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun; Habtamu Kebebe Kasaye; Tesfaye Dessale Kassa; Hagazi Gebremedhin Kassaye; Nicholas J. Kassebaum; Ali Kazemi Karyani; Andre Pascal Kengne; Daniel Bekele Ketema; Yousef Saleh Khader; Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie; Mojtaba Khaksarian; Nauman Khalid; Ibrahim A. Khalil; Rovshan Khalilov; Asad Khan; Ejaz Ahmad Khan; Md Nuruzzaman Khan; Mohammad Saud Khan; Muhammad Shahzeb Khan; Khaled Khatab; Amir Khater; Mona M. Khater; Mahalqua Nazli Khatib; Maryam Khayamzadeh; Maryam Khazaei-Pool; Mohammad Khazaei; Salman Khazaei; Mohammad Taghi Khodayari; Mohammad Hossein Khosravi; Roba Khundkar; Ali Kiadaliri; Neda Kianipour; Daniel N. Kiirithio; Yun Jin Kim; Ruth W. Kimokoti; Adnan Kisa; Sezer Kisa; Tufa Kolola; Hamidreza Komaki; Shivakumar K. M. Kondlahalli; Ali Koolivand; Parvaiz A. Koul; Ai Koyanagi; Moritz U. G. Kraemer; Kewal Krishan; Kris J. Krohn; Nuworza Kugbey; Manasi Kumar; Pushpendra Kumar; Vivek Kumar; Om P. Kurmi; Oluwatosin Kuti; Carlo La Vecchia; Ben Lacey; Deepesh P. Lad; Aparna Lal; Dharmesh Kumar Lal; Faris Hasan Lami; Prabhat Lamichhane; Justin J. Lang; Van C. Lansingh; Savita Lasrado; Georgy Lebedev; Paul H. Lee; Shaun Wen Huey Lee; Mostafa Leili; Ian D. Letourneau; Sonia Lewycka; Shanshan Li; Lee-Ling Lim; Shai Linn; Shiwei Liu; Simin Liu; Rakesh Lodha; Joshua Longbottom; Jaifred Christian F. Lopez; Stefan Lorkowski; Erlyn Rachelle King Macarayan; Mohammed Madadin; Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek; Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek; Dhaval P. Maghavani; Phetole Walter Mahasha; Narayan Bahadur Mahotra; Venkatesh Maled; Afshin Maleki; Shokofeh Maleki; Deborah Carvalho Malta; Ali Manafi; Farzad Manafi; Navid Manafi; Narendar Dawanu Manohar; Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei; Borhan Mansouri; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Chabila Christopher Mapoma; Dadi Marami; Laurie B. Marczak; Carlos Alberto Marrugo Arnedo; Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo; Anthony Masaka; Benjamin Ballard Massenburg; Pallab K. Maulik; Benjamin K. Mayala; Mohsen Mazidi; Man Mohan Mehndiratta; Freshteh Mehri; Kala M. Mehta; Wahengbam Bigyananda Meitei; Fantahun Ayenew Mekonnen; Teferi Mekonnen; Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles; Hagazi Gebre Meles; Addisu Melese; Walter Mendoza; Ritesh G. Menezes; Meresa Berwo Mengesha; George A. Mensah; Tuomo J. Meretoja; Tomasz Miazgowski; Neda Milevska Kostova; Ted R. Miller; Edward J. Mills; G.K. Mini; Seyed Mostafa Mir; Mohammad Miri; Hamed Mirjalali; Erkin M. Mirrakhimov; Hamed Mirzaei; Maryam Mirzaei; Roya Mirzaei; Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh; Prasanna Mithra; Babak Moazen; Efat Mohamadi; Amjad Mohamadi-Bolbanabad; Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad; Yousef Mohammad; Dara K. Mohammad; Aso Mohammad Darwesh; Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji; Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani; Mousa Mohammadnia-Afrouzi; Milad Mohammadoo-Khorasani; Reza Mohammadpourhodki; Salahuddin Mohammed; Shafiu Mohammed; Jemal Abdu Mohammed; Ammas Siraj Mohammed; Farnam Mohebi; Amin Mokari; Ali H. Mokdad; Julio Cesar Montañez; Pablo A. Montero-Zamora; Yoshan Moodley; Maryam Moossavi; Ghobad Moradi; Masoud Moradi; Yousef Moradi; Mohammad Moradi-Joo; Maziar Moradi-Lakeh; Farhad Moradpour; Rahmatollah Moradzadeh; Paula Moraga; Shane Douglas Morrison; Abbas Mosapour; Jonathan F. Mosser; Simin Mouodi; Amin Mousavi Khaneghah; Dariush Mozaffarian; Ulrich Otto Mueller; Christopher J. L. Murray; G.V.S. Murthy; Kamarul Imran Musa; Ghulam Mustafa; Saravanan Muthupandian; Behnam Nabavizadeh; Mehdi Naderi; Girish N. Nadkarni; Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan; Mohsen Naghavi; Aliya Naheed; Gurudatta Naik; Farid Najafi; Jobert Richie Nansseu; K. M. Venkat Narayan; Bruno Ramos Nascimento; Vinod Nayak; Javad Nazari; Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe; Ionut Negoi; Ruxandra Irina Negoi; Josephine W. Ngunjiri; Cuong Tat Nguyen; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen; Dabere Nigatu; Yesdhambel T. Nigatu; Rajan Nikbakhsh; Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum; Chukwudi A. Nnaji; Vuong Minh Nong; Jean Jacques Noubiap; Christoph Nowak; Bogdan Oancea; Richard Ofori-Asenso; Onome Bright Oghenetega; In-Hwan Oh; Olanrewaju Oladimeji; Morteza Oladnabi; Andrew T. Olagunju; Tinuke O. Olagunju; Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya; Jacob Olusegun Olusanya; Mojisola Morenike Oluwasanu; Muktar Omer Omer; Obinna E. Onwujekwe; Kwaku Oppong Asante; Eyal Oren; Orish Ebere Orisakwe; Alberto Ortiz; Osayomwanbo Osarenotor; Aaron E. Osgood-Zimmerman; Mayowa Ojo Owolabi; Mahesh P. A; Jagadish Rao Padubidri; Keyvan Pakshir; Adrian Pana; Songhomitra Panda-Jonas; Hadi Parsian; Tahereh Pashaei; Deepak Kumar Pasupula; Sangram Kishor Patel; Ashish Pathak; Mona Pathak; Sanghamitra Pati; Ajay Patle; George C. Patton; Kebreab Paulos; Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi; Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito; Norberto Perico; William A. Petri; Brandon V. Pickering; David M. Pigott; Majid Pirestani; Bakhtiar Piroozi; Meghdad Pirsaheb; Khem Narayan Pokhrel; Maarten J. Postma; Hadi Pourjafar; Farshad Pourmalek; Reza Pourmirza Kalhori; Akram Pourshams; Hossein Poustchi; Sergio I. Prada; Liliana Preotescu; Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi; Zahiruddin Quazi Syed; Mohammad Rabiee; Navid Rabiee; Amir Radfar; Alireza Rafiei; Fakher Rahim; Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar; Muhammad Aziz Rahman; Sajjad ur Rahman; Rajesh Kumar Rai; Ali Rajabpour-Sanati; Fatemeh Rajati; Kiana Ramezanzadeh; Saleem Muhammad Rana; Chhabi Lal Ranabhat; Sowmya J. Rao; Davide Rasella; Vahid Rashedi; Prateek Rastogi; Priya Rathi; Salman Rawaf; David Laith Rawaf; Lal Rawal; Sarah E. Ray; Giuseppe Remuzzi; Vishnu Renjith; Andre M. N. Renzaho; Serge Resnikoff; Nima Rezaei; Shahab Rezaeian; Mohammad Sadegh Rezai; Aziz Rezapour; Seyed Mohammad Riahi; Ana Isabel Ribeiro; Jennifer Rickard; Alina Rodriguez; Leonardo Roever; Elias Merdassa Roro; Gholamreza Roshandel; Ali Rostami; Enrico Rubagotti; Anas M. Saad; Seyedmohammad Saadatagah; Yogesh Damodar Sabde; Siamak Sabour; Ehsan Sadeghi; Masoumeh Sadeghi; Saeed Safari; Yahya Safari; Hamid Safarpour; Rajesh Sagar; Amirhossein Sahebkar; Mohammad Ali Sahraian; S. Mohammad Sajadi; Mohammad Reza Salahshoor; Nasir Salam; Farkhonde Salehi; Saleh Salehi Zahabi; Hosni Salem; Marwa R. Rashad Salem; Yahya Salimi; Hamideh Salimzadeh; Hossein Samadi Kafil; Evanson Zondani Sambala; Abdallah M. Samy; Itamar S. Santos; Bruno Piassi Sao Jose; Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy; Abdur Razzaque Sarker; Benn Sartorius; Arash Sarveazad; Brijesh Sathian; Maheswar Satpathy; Sonia Saxena; Mehdi Sayyah; Alyssa N. Sbarra; Megan F. Schipp; Maria Inês Schmidt; Aletta Elisabeth Schutte; David C. Schwebel; Anbissa Muleta Senbeta; Subramanian Senthilkumaran; Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi; Faramarz Shaahmadi; Omid Shafaat; Saeed Shahabi; Masood Ali Shaikh; Ali S. Shalash; Mehran Shams-Beyranvand; Amir Shamshirian; Morteza Shamsizadeh; Mohammed Shannawaz; Kiomars Sharafi; Mehdi Sharif; Rajesh Sharma; Hatem Samir Shehata; Abbas Sheikhtaheri; Kenji Shibuya; Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw; Mika Shigematsu; Jae Il Shin; Rahman Shiri; Reza Shirkoohi; Ivy Shiue; Kerem Shuval; Soraya Siabani; Tariq J. Siddiqi; Inga Dora Sigfusdottir; Diego Augusto Santos Silva; Biagio Simonetti; Ambrish Singh; Pushpendra Singh; Virendra Singh; Jasvinder A. Singh; Pankaj Kumar Singh; Dhirendra Narain Sinha; Yitagesu Sintayehu; Malede Mequanent M. Sisay; Amin Soheili; Bija Soleymani; Farzaneh Soltani; Shahin Soltani; Joan B. Soriano; Muluken Bekele Sorrie; Sergey Soshnikov; Ireneous N. Soyiri; Adel Spotin; Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy; Rajni Kant Kant Srivastava; Antonina Starodubova; Agus Sudaryanto; Mu’awiyyah Babale Sufiyan; Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria; Gerhard Sulo; Bruno F. Sunguya; Bryan L. Sykes; Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos; Takahiro Tabuchi; Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse; Amir Taherkhani; Koku Sisay Tamirat; Segen Gebremeskel Tassew; Nuno Taveira; Berhane Fseha Teklehaimanot; Gebretsadkan Hintsa Tekulu; Mohamad-Hani Temsah; Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi; Zemenu Tadesse Tessema; Nihal Thomas; Mariya Vladimirovna Titova; Kenean Getaneh Tlaye; Hamid Reza Tohidinik; Marcello Tonelli; Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone; Eugenio Traini; Khanh Bao Tran; Manjari Tripathi; Riaz Uddin; Irfan Ullah; Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan; Era Upadhyay; Ushotanefe Useh; Muhammad Shariq Usman; Olalekan A. Uthman; Marco Vacante; Masoud Vaezghasemi; Pascual R. Valdez; John VanderHeide; Elena Varavikova; Santosh Varughese; Tommi Juhani Vasankari; Yasser Vasseghian; Yousef Veisani; Srinivasaraghavan Venkatesh; Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian; Madhur Verma; Simone Vidale; Francesco S. Violante; Vasily Vlassov; Sebastian Vollmer; Rade Vukovic; Yasir Waheed; Haidong Wang; Yafeng Wang; Yuan-Pang Wang; Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel; Andrea Werdecker; Taweewat Wiangkham; Kirsten E. Wiens; Tissa Wijeratne; Haileab Fekadu Wolde; Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash; Tewodros Eshete Wonde; Adam Belay Wondmieneh; Ai-Min Wu; Gelin Xu; Abbas Yadegar; Ali Yadollahpour; Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari; Tomohide Yamada; Yuichiro Yano; Sanni Yaya; Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi; Alex Yeshaneh; Yigizie Yeshaw; Yordanos Gizachew Yeshitila; Mekdes Tigistu Yilma; Paul Yip; Naohiro Yonemoto; Seok-Jun Yoon; Yoosik Youm; Mustafa Z. Younis; Zabihollah Yousefi; Hebat-Allah Salah A. Yousof; Chuanhua Yu; Hasan Yusefzadeh; Telma Zahirian Moghadam; Leila Zaki; Sojib Bin Zaman; Mohammad Zamani; Maryam Zamanian; Hamed Zandian; Hadi Zarafshan; Nejimu Biza Zepro; Taddese Alemu Zerfu; Taye Abuhay Zewale; Yunquan Zhang; Zhi-Jiang Zhang; Xiu-Ju Zhao; Sanjay Zodpey; Kamiar Zomorodian; Francis Bruno Zotor; Ashkan Afshin; Simon I. Hay
A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic. © 2020, The Author(s).
Subnational mapping of HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–18: a modelling study
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Benn Sartorius; John D. VanderHeide; Mingyou Yang; Erik A. Goosmann; Julia Hon; Emily Haeuser; Michael A. Cork; Samantha Perkins; Deepa Jahagirdar; Lauren E. Schaeffer; Audrey L. Serfes; Kate E. LeGrand; Hedayat Abbastabar; Zeleke Hailemariam Abebo; Akine Eshete Abosetugn; Eman Abu-Gharbieh; Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi; Oladimeji M. Adebayo; Adeyinka Emmanuel Adegbosin; Victor Adekanmbi; Olatunji O. Adetokunboh; Daniel Adedayo Adeyinka; Bright Opoku Ahinkorah; Keivan Ahmadi; Muktar Beshir Ahmed; Yonas Akalu; Oluwaseun Oladapo Akinyemi; Rufus Olusola Akinyemi; Addis Aklilu; Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna; Fares Alahdab; Ziyad Al-Aly; Noore Alam; Alehegn Aderaw Alamneh; Turki M. Alanzi; Biresaw Wassihun Alemu; Robert Kaba Alhassan; Tilahun Ali; Vahid Alipour; Saeed Amini; Robert Ancuceanu; Fereshteh Ansari; Zelalem Alamrew Anteneh; Davood Anvari; Razique Anwer; Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah; Jalal Arabloo; Mulusew A. Asemahagn; Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi; Wondwossen Niguse Asmare; Desta Debalkie Atnafu; Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atout; Alok Atreya; Marcel Ausloos; Atalel Fentahun Awedew; Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla; Martin Amogre Ayanore; Yared Asmare Aynalem; Muluken Altaye Ayza; Samad Azari; Zelalem Nigussie Azene; Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar; Atif Amin Baig; Senthilkumar Balakrishnan; Maciej Banach; Till Winfried Bärnighausen; Sanjay Basu; Mohsen Bayati; Neeraj Bedi; Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma; Woldesellassie M. Mequanint Bezabhe; Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula; Pankaj Bhardwaj; Krittika Bhattacharyya; Zulfiqar A. Bhutta; Sadia Bibi; Boris Bikbov; Tsegaye Adane Birhan; Zebenay Workneh Bitew; Moses John Bockarie; Archith Boloor; Oliver J. Brady; Nicola Luigi Bragazzi; Andrey Nikolaevich Briko; Nikolay Ivanovich Briko; Sharath Burugina Nagaraja; Zahid A. Butt; Rosario Cárdenas; Felix Carvalho; Jaykaran Charan; Souranshu Chatterjee; Soosanna Kumary Chattu; Vijay Kumar Chattu; Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury; Dinh-Toi Chu; Aubrey J. Cook; Natalie Maria Cormier; Richard G. Cowden; Carlos Culquichicon; Baye Dagnew; Saad M.A. Dahlawi; Giovanni Damiani; Parnaz Daneshpajouhnejad; Farah Daoud; Ahmad Daryani; José das Neves; Nicole Davis Weaver; Meseret Derbew Molla; Kebede Deribe; Abebaw Alemayehu Desta; Keshab Deuba; Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne; Govinda Prasad Dhungana; Daniel Diaz; Shirin Djalalinia; Paul Narh Doku; Eleonora Dubljanin; Bereket Duko; Arielle Wilder Eagan; Lucas Earl; Jeffrey W. Eaton; Andem Effiong; Maysaa El Sayed Zaki; Maha El Tantawi; Rajesh Elayedath; Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary; Aisha Elsharkawy; Sharareh Eskandarieh; Oghenowede Eyawo; Sayeh Ezzikouri; Abidemi Omolara Fasanmi; Alebachew Fasil; Nelsensius Klau Fauk; Valery L. Feigin; Tomas Y. Ferede; Eduarda Fernandes; Florian Fischer; Nataliya A. Foigt; Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan; Masoud Foroutan; Joel Msafiri Francis; Takeshi Fukumoto; Mohamed M. Gad; Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam; Birhan Gebresillassie Gebregiorgis; Berhe Gebremichael; Hailay Abrha Gesesew; Lemma Getacher; Keyghobad Ghadiri; Ahmad Ghashghaee; Syed Amir Gilani; Themba G. Ginindza; Mustefa Glagn; Mahaveer Golechha; Philimon N. Gona; Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari; Harish Chander Gugnani; Davide Guido; Rashid Abdi Guled; Brian J. Hall; Samer Hamidi; Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso; Arief Hargono; Abdiwahab Hashi; Soheil Hassanipour; Hadi Hassankhani; Khezar Hayat; Claudiu Herteliu; Hagos Degefa de Hidru; Ramesh Holla; H. Dean Hosgood; Naznin Hossain; Mostafa Hosseini; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Mowafa Househ; Bing-Fang Hwang; Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Irena M. Ilic; Milena D. Ilic; Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani; Chidozie C.D. Iwu; Chinwe Juliana Iwu; Ihoghosa Osamuyi Iyamu; Vardhmaan Jain; Mihajlo Jakovljevic; Farzad Jalilian; Ravi Prakash Jha; Kimberly B. Johnson; Vasna Joshua; Farahnaz Joukar; Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak; Ali Kabir; Leila R. Kalankesh; Rohollah Kalhor; Ashwin Kamath; Naser Kamyari; Tanuj Kanchan; Behzad Karami Matin; André Karch; Salah Eddin Karimi; Ayele Semachew Kasa; Getinet Kassahun; Gbenga A. Kayode; Ali Kazemi Karyani; Peter Njenga Keiyoro; Bayew Kelkay; Nauman Khalid; Gulfaraz Khan; Junaid Khan; Md Nuruzzaman Khan; Khaled Khatab; Salman Khazaei; Yun Jin Kim; Adnan Kisa; Sezer Kisa; Sonali Kochhar; Jacek A. Kopec; Soewarta Kosen; Sindhura Koulmane Laxminarayana; Ai Koyanagi; Kewal Krishan; Barthelemy Kuate Defo; Nuworza Kugbey; Vaman Kulkarni; Manasi Kumar; Nithin Kumar; Om P. Kurmi; Dian Kusuma; Desmond Kuupiel; Hmwe Hmwe Kyu; Carlo La Vecchia; Dharmesh Kumar Lal; Jennifer O. Lam; Iván Landires; Savita Lasrado; Jeffrey V. Lazarus; Alice Lazzar-Atwood; Paul H. Lee; Cheru Tesema Leshargie; Bingyu Li; Xuefeng Liu; Platon D. Lopukhov; Hawraz Ibrahim M. Amin; Deepak Madi; Phetole Walter Mahasha; Azeem Majeed; Afshin Maleki; Shokofeh Maleki; Abdullah A. Mamun; Navid Manafi; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo; Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi; Benjamin K. Mayala; Birhanu Geta Meharie; Hailemariam Abiy Alemu Meheretu; Hagazi Gebre Meles; Mulugeta Melku; Walter Mendoza; Endalkachew Worku Mengesha; Tuomo J. Meretoja; Abera M. Mersha; Tomislav Mestrovic; Ted R. Miller; Andreea Mirica; Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh; Osama Mohamad; Yousef Mohammad; Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani; Jemal Abdu Mohammed; Salahuddin Mohammed; Shafiu Mohammed; Ali H. Mokdad; Taklu Marama Mokonnon; Mariam Molokhia; Masoud Moradi; Yousef Moradi; Rahmatollah Moradzadeh; Paula Moraga; Jonathan F. Mosser; Sandra B. Munro; Ghulam Mustafa; Saravanan Muthupandian; Mehdi Naderi; Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan; Mohsen Naghavi; Muhammad Naveed; Vinod C. Nayak; Javad Nazari; Rawlance Ndejjo; Samata Nepal; Henok Biresaw Netsere; Frida N. Ngalesoni; Georges Nguefack-Tsague; Josephine W. Ngunjiri; Yeshambel T. Nigatu; Samuel Negash Nigussie; Chukwudi A. Nnaji; Jean Jacques Noubiap; Virginia Nuñez-Samudio; Bogdan Oancea; Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya; Felix Akpojene Ogbo; Olanrewaju Oladimeji; Andrew T. Olagunju; Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya; Jacob Olusegun Olusanya; Muktar Omer Omer; Abidemi E. Emmanuel Omonisi; Obinna E. Onwujekwe; Orish Ebere Orisakwe; Nikita Otstavnov; Mayowa O. Owolabi; P.A. Mahesh; Jagadish Rao Padubidri; Smita Pakhale; Adrian Pana; Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal; Urvish K. Patel; Mona Pathak; George C. Patton; Shrikant Pawar; Emmanuel K. Peprah; Khem Narayan Pokhrel; Maarten J. Postma; Faheem Hyder Pottoo; Hadi Pourjafar; Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi; Zahiruddin Quazi Syed; Alireza Rafiei; Fakher Rahim; Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman; Amir Masoud Rahmani; Pradhum Ram; Juwel Rana; Chhabi Lal Ranabhat; Satish Rao; Sowmya J. Rao; Priya Rathi; David Laith Rawaf; Salman Rawaf; Reza Rawassizadeh; Vishnu Renjith; Melese Abate Reta; Nima Rezaei; Aziz Rezapour; Ana Isabel Ribeiro; Jennifer M. Ross; Susan Fred Rumisha; Rajesh Sagar; Maitreyi Sahu; S. Mohammad Sajadi; Marwa Rashad Salem; Abdallah M. Samy; Brijesh Sathian; Aletta Elisabeth Schutte; Abdul-Aziz Seidu; Feng Sha; Omid Shafaat; Mohammad Shahbaz; Masood Ali Shaikh; Mohammed Feyisso Shaka; Aziz Sheikh; Kenji Shibuya; Jae Il Shin; K.M. Shivakumar; Negussie Boti Sidemo; Jasvinder A. Singh; Valentin Yurievich Skryabin; Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina; Amin Soheili; Shahin Soltani; Oluwaseyi Dolapo Somefun; Muluken Bekele Sorrie; Emma Elizabeth Spurlock; Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan; Biruk Wogayehu Taddele; Eyayou Girma Tadesse; Zemenu Tamir; Animut Tagele Tamiru; Frank C. Tanser; Nuno Taveira; Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi; Yohannes Tekalegn; Fisaha Haile Tesfay; Belay Tessema; Zemenu Tadesse Tessema; Bhaskar Thakur; Musliu Adetola Tolani; Roman Topor-Madry; Marco Torrado; Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone; Eugenio Traini; Alexander C. Tsai; Gebiyaw Wudie Tsegaye; Irfan Ullah; Saif Ullah; Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo; Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan; Constantine Vardavas; Francesco S. Violante; Bay Vo; Yohannes Dibaba Wado; Yasir Waheed; Richard G. Wamai; Yanzhong Wang; Paul Ward; Andrea Werdecker; Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe; Tissa Wijeratne; Charles Shey Wiysonge; Temesgen Gebeyehu Wondmeneh; Tomohide Yamada; Sanni Yaya; Yigizie Yeshaw; Yordanos Gizachew Yeshitila; Mekdes Tigistu Yilma; Paul Yip; Naohiro Yonemoto; Tewodros Yosef; Hasan Yusefzadeh; Syed Saoud Zaidi; Leila Zaki; Maryam Zamanian; Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin; Anasthasia Zastrozhina; Dejene Tesfaye Zewdie; Yunquan Zhang; Zhi-Jiang Zhang; Arash Ziapour; Simon I. Hay; Laura Dwyer-Lindgren
Background: High-resolution estimates of HIV burden across space and time provide an important tool for tracking and monitoring the progress of prevention and control efforts and assist with improving the precision and efficiency of targeting efforts. We aimed to assess HIV incidence and HIV mortality for all second-level administrative units across sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: In this modelling study, we developed a framework that used the geographically specific HIV prevalence data collected in seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care clinics to train a model that estimates HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years. We used a model-based geostatistical framework to estimate HIV prevalence at the second administrative level in 44 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for 2000–18 and sought data on the number of individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) by second-level administrative unit. We then modified the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) to use these HIV prevalence and treatment estimates to estimate HIV incidence and mortality by second-level administrative unit. Findings: The estimates suggest substantial variation in HIV incidence and mortality rates both between and within countries in sub-Saharan Africa, with 15 countries having a ten-times or greater difference in estimated HIV incidence between the second-level administrative units with the lowest and highest estimated incidence levels. Across all 44 countries in 2018, HIV incidence ranged from 2·8 (95% uncertainty interval 2·1–3·8) in Mauritania to 1585·9 (1369·4–1824·8) cases per 100 000 people in Lesotho and HIV mortality ranged from 0·8 (0·7–0·9) in Mauritania to 676·5 (513·6–888·0) deaths per 100 000 people in Lesotho. Variation in both incidence and mortality was substantially greater at the subnational level than at the national level and the highest estimated rates were accordingly higher. Among second-level administrative units, Guijá District, Gaza Province, Mozambique, had the highest estimated HIV incidence (4661·7 [2544·8–8120·3]) cases per 100 000 people in 2018 and Inhassunge District, Zambezia Province, Mozambique, had the highest estimated HIV mortality rate (1163·0 [679·0–1866·8]) deaths per 100 000 people. Further, the rate of reduction in HIV incidence and mortality from 2000 to 2018, as well as the ratio of new infections to the number of people living with HIV was highly variable. Although most second-level administrative units had declines in the number of new cases (3316 [81·1%] of 4087 units) and number of deaths (3325 [81·4%]), nearly all appeared well short of the targeted 75% reduction in new cases and deaths between 2010 and 2020. Interpretation: Our estimates suggest that most second-level administrative units in sub-Saharan Africa are falling short of the targeted 75% reduction in new cases and deaths by 2020, which is further compounded by substantial within-country variability. These estimates will help decision makers and programme implementers expand access to ART and better target health resources to higher burden subnational areas. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Khanh Bao Tran; Justin J. Lang; Kelly Compton; Rixing Xu; Alistair R. Acheson; Hannah Jacqueline Henrikson; Jonathan M. Kocarnik; Louise Penberthy; Amirali Aali; Qamar Abbas; Behzad Abbasi; Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari; Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari; Hedayat Abbastabar; Michael Abdelmasseh; Sherief Abd-Elsalam; Ahmed Abdelwahab Abdelwahab; Gholamreza Abdoli; Hanan Abdulkadir Abdulkadir; Aidin Abedi; Kedir Hussein Abegaz; Hassan Abidi; Richard Gyan Aboagye; Hassan Abolhassani; Abdorrahim Absalan; Yonas Derso Abtew; Hiwa Abubaker Ali; Eman Abu-Gharbieh; Basavaprabhu Achappa; Juan Manuel Acuna; Daniel Addison; Isaac Yeboah Addo; Oyelola A. Adegboye; Miracle Ayomikun Adesina; Mohammad Adnan; Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani; Shailesh M. Advani; Sumia Afrin; Muhammad Sohail Afzal; Manik Aggarwal; Bright Opoku Ahinkorah; Araz Ramazan Ahmad; Rizwan Ahmad; Sajjad Ahmad; Sohail Ahmad; Sepideh Ahmadi; Haroon Ahmed; Luai A. Ahmed; Muktar Beshir Ahmed; Tarik Ahmed Rashid; Wajeeha Aiman; Marjan Ajami; Gizachew Taddesse Akalu; Mostafa Akbarzadeh-Khiavi; Addis Aklilu; Maxwell Akonde; Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna; Hanadi Al Hamad; Fares Alahdab; Fahad Mashhour Alanezi; Turki M. Alanzi; Saleh Ali Alessy; Abdelazeem M. Algammal; Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi; Robert Kaba Alhassan; Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali; Liaqat Ali; Syed Shujait Ali; Yousef Alimohamadi; Vahid Alipour; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; Motasem Alkhayyat; Sadeq Ali Ali Al-Maweri; Sami Almustanyir; Nivaldo Alonso; Shehabaldin Alqalyoobi; Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi; Rami H. Hani Al-Rifai; Salman Khalifah Al-Sabah; Ala’a B. Al-Tammemi; Haya Altawalah; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Firehiwot Amare; Edward Kwabena Ameyaw; Javad Javad Aminian Dehkordi; Mohammad Hosein Amirzade-Iranaq; Hubert Amu; Ganiyu Adeniyi Amusa; Robert Ancuceanu; Jason A. Anderson; Yaregal Animut Animut; Amir Anoushiravani; Ali Arash Anoushirvani; Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam; Mustafa Geleto Ansha; Benny Antony; Maxwell Hubert Antwi; Sumadi Lukman Anwar; Razique Anwer; Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor; Jalal Arabloo; Morteza Arab-Zozani; Olatunde Aremu; Ayele Mamo Argaw; Hany Ariffin; Timur Aripov; Muhammad Arshad; Al Artaman; Judie Arulappan; Raphael Taiwo Aruleba; Armin Aryannejad; Malke Asaad; Mulusew A. Asemahagn; Zatollah Asemi; Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi; Tahira Ashraf; Reza Assadi; Mohammad Athar; Seyyed Shamsadin Athari; Maha Moh’d Wahbi Atout; Sameh Attia; Avinash Aujayeb; Marcel Ausloos; Leticia Avila-Burgos; Atalel Fentahun Awedew; Mamaru Ayenew Awoke; Tewachew Awoke; Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla; Tegegn Mulatu Ayana; Solomon Shitu Ayen; Davood Azadi; Sina Azadnajafabad; Saber Azami-Aghdash; Melkalem Mamuye Azanaw; Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy; Amirhossein Azari Jafari; Hosein Azizi; Ahmed Y.Y. Azzam; Amirhesam Babajani; Muhammad Badar; Ashish D. Badiye; Nayereh Baghcheghi; Nader Bagheri; Sara Bagherieh; Saeed Bahadory; Atif Amin Baig; Jennifer L. Baker; Ahad Bakhtiari; Ravleen Kaur Bakshi; Maciej Banach; Indrajit Banerjee; Mainak Bardhan; Francesco Barone-Adesi; Fabio Barra; Amadou Barrow; Nasir Z. Bashir; Azadeh Bashiri; Saurav Basu; Abdul-Monim Mohammad Batiha; Aeysha Begum; Alehegn Bekele Bekele; Alemayehu Sayih Belay; Melaku Ashagrie Belete; Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi; Arielle Wilder Bell; Luis Belo; Habib Benzian; Alemshet Yirga Berhie; Amiel Nazer C. Bermudez; Eduardo Bernabe; Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula; Neeraj Bhala; Bharti Bhandari Bhandari; Nikha Bhardwaj; Pankaj Bhardwaj; Krittika Bhattacharyya; Vijayalakshmi S. Bhojaraja; Soumitra S. Bhuyan; Sadia Bibi; Awraris Hailu Bilchut; Bagas Suryo Bintoro; Antonio Biondi; Mesfin Geremaw Birega Birega; Habitu Eshetu Birhan; Tone Bjørge; Oleg Blyuss; Belay Boda Abule Bodicha; Srinivasa Rao Bolla; Archith Boloor; Cristina Bosetti; Dejana Braithwaite; Michael Brauer; Hermann Brenner; Andrey Nikolaevich Briko; Nikolay Ivanovich Briko; Christina Maree Buchanan; Norma B. Bulamu; Maria Teresa Bustamante-Teixeira; Muhammad Hammad Butt; Nadeem Shafique Butt; Zahid A. Butt; Florentino Luciano Caetano Dos Santos; Luis Alberto Cámera; Chao Cao; Yin Cao; Giulia Carreras; Márcia Carvalho; Francieli Cembranel; Ester Cerin; Promit Ananyo Chakraborty; Periklis Charalampous; Vijay Kumar Chattu; Odgerel Chimed-Ochir; Jesus Lorenzo Chirinos-Caceres; Daniel Youngwhan Cho; William C.S. Cho; Devasahayam J. Christopher; Dinh-Toi Chu; Isaac Sunday Chukwu; Aaron J. Cohen; Joao Conde; Sandra Cortés; Vera Marisa Costa; Natália Cruz-Martins; Garland T. Culbreth; Omid Dadras; Fentaw Teshome Dagnaw; Saad M.A. Dahlawi; Xiaochen Dai; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Parnaz Daneshpajouhnejad; Anna Danielewicz; An Thi Minh Dao; Reza Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani; Aso Mohammad Darwesh; Saswati Das; Dragos Virgil Davitoiu; Elham Davtalab Esmaeili; Fernando Pio De La Hoz; Sisay Abebe Debela; Azizallah Dehghan; Biniyam Demisse; Fitsum Wolde Demisse; Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez; Afshin Derakhshani; Meseret Derbew Molla; Diriba Dereje; Kalkidan Solomon Deribe; Rupak Desai; Markos Desalegn Desalegn; Fikadu Nugusu Dessalegn; Samuel Abebe A. Dessalegni; Gashaw Dessie; Abebaw Alemayehu Desta; Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan; Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne; Meghnath Dhimal; Mostafa Dianatinasab; Nancy Diao; Daniel Diaz; Lankamo Ena Digesa; Shilpi Gupta Dixit; Saeid Doaei; Linh Phuong Doan; Paul Narh Doku; Deepa Dongarwar; Wendel Mombaque dos Santos; Tim Robert Driscoll; Haneil Larson Dsouza; Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye; Sareh Edalati; Fatemeh Eghbalian; Elham Ehsani-Chimeh; Ebrahim Eini; Michael Ekholuenetale; Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo; Donatus U. Ekwueme; Maha El Tantawi; Mostafa Ahmed Elbahnasawy; Iffat Elbarazi; Hesham Elghazaly; Muhammed Elhadi; Waseem El-Huneidi; Mohammad Hassan Emamian; Luchuo Engelbert Bain; Daniel Berhanie Enyew; Ryenchindorj Erkhembayar; Tegegne Eshetu; Babak Eshrati; Sharareh Eskandarieh; Juan Espinosa-Montero; Farshid Etaee; Azin Etemadimanesh; Tahir Eyayu; Ifeanyi Jude Ezeonwumelu; Sayeh Ezzikouri; Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe; Saman Fahimi; Ildar Ravisovich Fakhradiyev; Emerito Jose A. Faraon; Jawad Fares; Abbas Farmany; Umar Farooque; Hossein Farrokhpour; Abidemi Omolara Fasanmi; Ali Fatehizadeh; Wafa Fatima; Hamed Fattahi; Ginenus Fekadu; Berhanu Elfu Feleke; Allegra Allegra Ferrari; Simone Ferrero; Lorenzo Ferro Desideri; Irina Filip; Florian Fischer; Roham Foroumadi; Masoud Foroutan; Takeshi Fukumoto; Peter Andras Gaal; Mohamed M. Gad; Muktar A. Gadanya; Abduzhappar Gaipov; Nasrin Galehdar; Silvano Gallus; Tushar Garg; Mariana Gaspar Fonseca; Yosef Haile Gebremariam; Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel; Mathewos Alemu Gebremichael; Yohannes Fikadu Geda; Yibeltal Yismaw Gela; Belete Negese Belete Gemeda; Melaku Getachew; Motuma Erena Getachew; Kazem Ghaffari; Mansour Ghafourifard; Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari; Mohammad Ghasemi Nour; Fariba Ghassemi; Ajnish Ghimire; Nermin Ghith; Maryam Gholamalizadeh; Jamshid Gholizadeh Navashenaq; Sherief Ghozy; Syed Amir Gilani; Paramjit Singh Gill; Themba G. Ginindza; Abraham Tamirat T. Gizaw; James C. Glasbey; Justyna Godos; Amit Goel; Mahaveer Golechha; Pouya Goleij; Davide Golinelli; Mohamad Golitaleb; Giuseppe Gorini; Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart; Giuseppe Grosso; Habtamu Alganeh Guadie; Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari; Temesgen Worku Gudayu; Maximiliano Ribeiro Guerra; Damitha Asanga Gunawardane; Bhawna Gupta; Sapna Gupta; Veer Bala Gupta; Vivek Kumar Gupta; Mekdes Kondale Gurara; Alemu Guta; Parham Habibzadeh; Atlas Haddadi Avval; Nima Hafezi-Nejad; Adel Hajj Ali; Arvin Haj-Mirzaian; Esam S. Halboub; Aram Halimi; Rabih Halwani; Randah R. Hamadeh; Sajid Hameed; Samer Hamidi; Asif Hanif; Sanam Hariri; Netanja I. Harlianto; Josep Maria Haro; Risky Kusuma Hartono; Ahmed I. Hasaballah; S.M. Mahmudul Hasan; Hamidreza Hasani; Seyedeh Melika Hashemi; Abbas M. Hassan; Soheil Hassanipour; Khezar Hayat; Golnaz Heidari; Mohammad Heidari; Zahra Heidarymeybodi; Brenda Yuliana Herrera-Serna; Claudiu Herteliu; Kamal Hezam; Yuta Hiraike; Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni Hlongwa; Ramesh Holla; Marianne Holm; Nobuyuki Horita; Mohammad Hoseini; Md. Mahbub Hossain; Mohammad Bellal Hossain Hossain; Mohammad-Salar Hosseini; Ali Hosseinzadeh; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Mihaela Hostiuc; Sorin Hostiuc; Mowafa Househ; Junjie Huang; Fernando N. Hugo; Ayesha Humayun; Salman Hussain; Nawfal R. Hussein; Bing-Fang Hwang; Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye; Pulwasha Maria Iftikhar; Kevin S. Ikuta; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Irena M. Ilic; Milena D. Ilic; Mustapha Immurana; Kaire Innos; Pooya Iranpour; Lalu Muhammad Irham; Md Shariful Islam; Rakibul M. Islam; Farhad Islami; Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail; Gaetano Isola; Masao Iwagami; Linda Merin J; Abhishek Jaiswal; Mihajlo Jakovljevic; Mahsa Jalili; Shahram Jalilian; Elham Jamshidi; Sung-In Jang; Chinmay T. Jani; Tahereh Javaheri; Umesh Umesh Jayarajah; Shubha Jayaram; Seyed Behzad Jazayeri; Rime Jebai; Bedru Jemal; Wonjeong Jeong; Ravi Prakash Jha; Har Ashish Jindal; Yetunde O. John-Akinola; Jost B. Jonas; Tamas Joo; Nitin Joseph; Farahnaz Joukar; Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak; Mikk Jürisson; Ali Kabir; Salah Eddine Oussama Kacimi; Vidya Kadashetti; Farima Kahe; Pradnya Vishal Kakodkar; Laleh R. Kalankesh; Leila R. Kalankesh; Rohollah Kalhor; Vineet Kumar Kamal; Farin Kamangar; Ashwin Kamath; Tanuj Kanchan; Eswar Kandaswamy; Himal Kandel; HyeJung Kang; Girum Gebremeskel Kanno; Neeti Kapoor; Sitanshu Sekhar Kar; Shama D. Karanth; Ibraheem M. Karaye; André Karch; Amirali Karimi; Bekalu Getnet Kassa; Patrick D.M.C. Katoto; Joonas H. Kauppila; Harkiran Kaur; Abinet Gebremickael Kebede; Leila Keikavoosi-Arani; Gemechu Gemechu Kejela; Phillip M. Kemp Bohan; Maryam Keramati; Mohammad Keykhaei; Himanshu Khajuria; Abbas Khan; Abdul Aziz Khan Khan; Ejaz Ahmad Khan; Gulfaraz Khan; Md. Nuruzzaman Khan; Moien A.B. Khan; Javad Khanali; Khaled Khatab; Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh; Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib; Maryam Khayamzadeh; Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani; Mohammad Amin Khazeei Tabari; Mehdi Khezeli; Mahmoud Khodadost; Min Seo Kim; Yun Jin Kim; Adnan Kisa; Sezer Kisa; Miloslav Klugar; Jitka Klugarová; Ali-Asghar Kolahi; Pavel Kolkhir; Farzad Kompani; Parvaiz A. Koul; Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana; Ai Koyanagi; Kewal Krishan; Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy; Burcu Kucuk Bicer; Nuworza Kugbey; Mukhtar Kulimbet; Akshay Kumar; G. Anil Kumar; Narinder Kumar; Om P. Kurmi; Ambily Kuttikkattu; Carlo La Vecchia; Arista Lahiri; Dharmesh Kumar Lal; Judit Lám; Qing Lan; Iván Landires; Bagher Larijani; Savita Lasrado; Jerrald Lau; Paolo Lauriola; Caterina Ledda; Sang-Woong Lee; Shaun Wen Huey Lee; Wei-Chen Lee; Yeong Yeh Lee; Yo Han Lee; Samson Mideksa Legesse; James Leigh; Elvynna Leong; Ming-Chieh Li; Stephen S. Lim; Gang Liu; Jue Liu; Chun-Han Lo; Ayush Lohiya; Platon D. Lopukhov; László Lorenzovici; Mojgan Lotfi; Joana A. Loureiro; Raimundas Lunevicius; Farzan Madadizadeh; Ahmad R. Mafi; Sameh Magdeldin; Soleiman Mahjoub; Ata Mahmoodpoor; Morteza Mahmoudi; Marzieh Mahmoudimanesh; Rashidul Alam Mahumud; Azeem Majeed; Jamal Majidpoor; Alaa Makki; Konstantinos Christos Makris; Elaheh Malakan Rad; Mohammad-Reza Malekpour; Reza Malekzadeh; Ahmad Azam Malik; Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi; Sneha Deepak Mallya; Mohammed A. Mamun; Ana Laura Manda; Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei; Borhan Mansouri; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani; Santi Martini; Miquel Martorell; Sahar Masoudi; Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi; Clara N. Matei; Elezebeth Mathews; Manu Raj Mathur; Vasundhara Mathur; Martin McKee; Jitendra Kumar Meena; Khalid Mehmood; Entezar Mehrabi Nasab; Ravi Mehrotra; Addisu Melese; Walter Mendoza; Ritesh G. Menezes; SIsay Derso Mengesha; Laverne G. Mensah; Alexios-Fotios A. Mentis; Andry Yasmid Mera Mera-Mamián; Tuomo J. Meretoja; Mehari Woldemariam Merid; Amanual Getnet Mersha; Belsity Temesgen Meselu; Mahboobeh Meshkat; Tomislav Mestrovic; Junmei Miao Jonasson; Tomasz Miazgowski; Irmina Maria Michalek; Gelana Fekadu Worku Mijena; Ted R. Miller; Shabir Ahmad Mir; Seyed Kazem Mirinezhad; Seyyedmohammadsadeq Mirmoeeni; Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari; Hamed Mirzaei; Hamid Reza Mirzaei; Abay Sisay Misganaw; Sanjeev Misra; Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad; Esmaeil Mohammadi; Mokhtar Mohammadi; Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani; Reza Mohammadpourhodki; Arif Mohammed; Shafiu Mohammed; Syam Mohan; Mohammad Mohseni; Nagabhishek Moka; Ali H. 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Background: Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods: The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk–outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings: Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01–4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0–116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3–48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1–45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60–3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8–54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36–1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5–41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6–28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8–25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [27·9–42·8] and 33·3% [25·8–42·0]). Interpretation: The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license