Browsing by Author "Sanjay Kumar Rai"

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A comprehensive review on CFD simulations of left ventricle hemodynamics: numerical methods, experimental validation techniques, and emerging trends
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Priyanshu Soni; Sumit Kumar; B. V. Rathish Kumar; Sanjay Kumar Rai; Ashish Verma; Om Shankar
Globally, high death rates due to heart failure are an essential topic in medical research. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of cardiac dysfunction and collapse, with high mortality and morbidity rates. Early diagnosis and prognosis of CVD will reduce the risk of cardiovascular conditions. It is essential to develop various tools that provide accurate, real-time insight into the heart's physiology, functionality, and cardiac events. Due to the dispersed nature of the information and the reported results, a comprehensive literature review is required because there is a shortage of data about the hemodynamics analysis of blood flow in the ventricular region. Therefore, reviewing the status of hemodynamics analysis of ventricle blood flow is the prime importance of this review article. This article reviews the numerous investigations conducted over the past 15 years to simulate ventricular blood flow using experimental and computational techniques on patient-specific models or idealized models with or without specific medical conditions. This article discusses the fundamentals of hemodynamic analysis, such as the geometry types of a particular cardiac phase, medical conditions, and medical imaging methods. Recent developments in hemodynamic analysis, such as AI, HPC, and digital twins, were also mentioned in this comprehensive review study. This review article concluded that improvements in medical image processing and data acquisition techniques are needed to obtain accurate information regarding the functioning of the heart. Our review of previous studies shows that blood flow simulation is developing into a proper medical tool for instant heart function diagnosis. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 2024.
Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites and Improved Size of Glandular Trichomes in Artemisia annua
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2020) Neha Pandey; Anupam Tiwari; Sanjay Kumar Rai; Shashi Pandey-Rai
Glandular trichomes are multicellular epidermal outgrowths that have characteristic globular head made up of secretory cells and store large quantities of specialized secondary metabolites. Artemisia annua is known for its medicinally important secondary metabolite “artemisinin” which is synthesized and stored in glandular trichomes. However, our understanding of morphological and transcriptional control related to glandular trichome development and accumulation of secondary metabolites in A. annua is available in scattered form. This chapter deals with the trichome biology including developmental and functional aspects along with their correlation with secondary metabolite accumulation in response to various biotic and abiotic signals of the environment using A. annua as model. This chapter also emphasizes the molecular mechanisms behind trichome development in A. annua and provides a glimpse of molecular players involved in this process. There are many environmental as well as intrinsic factors which directly or indirectly affect secondary metabolite synthesis and as a result determine the size of glandular trichomes. The compiled information available for A. annua trichome biology can further be utilized for exploring trichome engineering in many medicinal or aromatic plants which are less explored. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.
An improved thin cell layer culture system for efficient clonal propagation and in vitro withanolide production in a medicinal plant Withania coagulans Dunal
(Elsevier B.V., 2018) Deepika Tripathi; Krishna Kumar Rai; Sanjay Kumar Rai; Shashi Pandey Rai
In vitro micropropagation based on transverse thin cell layer (tTCL), which utilizes a very small number of cells or tissues, has now emerged as a powerful tool in plant tissue differentiation and regeneration. In this study, intense, fast rate shoot multiplication has been achieved utilizing thin cell layer explants for endangered pharmaceutical plant Withania coagulans Dunal (family Solanaceae) having high hypoglycemic potential. To develop an efficient protocol for rapid in vitro propagation of W. coagulans stem node, shoot apical meristem (SAM), and tTCL were used as explants and inoculated in different strength of MS medium. The tTCL explant showed high frequency of shoot regeneration and was also affected by the concentration of plant growth regulators. The full strength solid MS medium was optimal for shoot regeneration (31.94 ± 1.39%) and the highest percent of shoots (93.05 ± 2.77) were observed in MS medium fortified with 2.0 mg l−1 BAP and 0.5 mg l−1 NAA. In contrast to tTCL, SAM cultured on the same medium showed significantly lower multiplication rate with only 1.16 ± 0.08 average shoots per responsive explants. The best rooting of the regenerated shoots was achieved in half strength liquid MS medium supplemented with 2 mg l−1 IBA. Plants were successfully transferred to the field after acclimatization with a survival rate of 90.6%. Monomorphic nature of ISSR and RAPD markers in this study confirmed the genetic fidelity of the in vitro raised tTCL clones. Quantification of withanolides content through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed 1.4 fold increases in withaferin A content and 1.6 fold withanolide A content in acclimatized field grown plants compared to field grown (wild type) plants. In acclimatized field grown plants the over-expression of SQS gene further attested the improved withanolide production in tTCL micropropagated plants having valuable anti-diabetic potential. The current study reveals the fast rate, cost effective micropropagation and conservation of W. coagulans through tTCL technique for its use as anti-diabetic agent at commercial level. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
An open loop 0D-3D modeling of pulsatile hemodynamics for the diagnosis of a suspected coronary arterial disease with patient data
(American Institute of Physics Inc., 2023) Sumit Kumar; B. V. Rathish Kumar; Sanjay Kumar Rai; Om Shankar
Due to the high degree of curvature of the coronary arteries, normal blood flow patterns are disrupted, making them susceptible sites for stenosis and atherosclerosis, leading to decrease in flow. Myocardial ischemia and infarction are the results of this reduced myocardial flow perfusion. Therefore, we conducted an extensive hemodynamic analysis on a patient suspected to have chest pain because of coronary artery disease in order to recognize the processes behind behaviors instigated by intricate geometry of the coronary artery. First, using coronary computed tomography angiography data, which were obtained from an ethically approved data provider, a patient-specific model was reconstructed. Open-circuit resemblance lumped parameter network coupled with zero-three dimensional (0D-3D) model was built to mimic coronary pressure and flow. Hemodynamic parameters such as the flow streamlines, time-average wall shear stress, oscillatory shear index, flow rate, and relative resilience time were investigated using computational fluid dynamics. It is critical for cardiac specialists to adequately care for their patients and provide corrective therapies at early onset of coronary problems caused by myocardial infarctions and demand coronary bypass surgery and stenting. The open loop modeling approach with lumped parameter-based physiologically and geometrically realistic outflow pressures will assist cardiologists in analyzing blood dynamics using the medically imaged coronary arteries of their patients and computing the magnitude of the hemodynamic parameters to provide them with a reliable assessment of the risk of coronary arterial disease for their patients. © 2023 Author(s).
Comparison between all-on-four and all-on-six treatment concepts on stress distribution for full-mouth rehabilitation using three-dimensional finite element analysis: A biomechanical study
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Aishwarya Pandey; Farhan Durrani; Sanjay Kumar Rai; Nishant Kumar Singh; Preeti Singh; Rati Verma; Jitendra Kumar
Purpose: The current study intended to provide a comparison of biomechanical behaviors of two different treatment concepts for full-mouth rehabilitation with dental implants placed according to the 'All-on-four' concept and 'All-on-six' concept with analysis of the stress patterns of the implant support system using three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA). Materials and Methods: The edentulous mandible was treated with two different implant designs. 'All-on-Four' implant placement concept was used in Model 1 with two central axial implants and two distally tilted implants at 17° and in Model 2, 'All-on-Six' concept was applied with six vertically placed implants. Individual vertical and horizontal load of 100 N and oblique load of 141 N at 45° was applied to all implants. To evaluate and compare the results in terms of maximum principal stress, we used FEA. Results: All-on-six showed smaller maximum principal stress values on the cortical bone and implants. However, maximum principal stress values obtained on trabecular bone was smaller in the All-on-four design for vertical and horizontal loading conditions. Conclusions: The All-on-six approach showed more favorable biomechanical behavior. © 2023 Indian Society of Periodontology | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.
Epigenetic control of UV-B-induced flavonoid accumulation in Artemisia annua L.
(Springer Verlag, 2019) Neha Pandey; Niraj Goswami; Deepika Tripathi; Krishna Kumar Rai; Sanjay Kumar Rai; Shilpi Singh; Shashi Pandey-Rai
Main conclusion: UV-B-induced flavonoid biosynthesis is epigenetically regulated by site-specific demethylation of AaMYB1, AaMYC, and AaWRKY TF-binding sites inAaPAL1promoter-causing overexpression ofAaPALgene inArtemisia annua. The present study was undertaken to understand the epigenetic regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis under the influence of ultraviolet-B radiation using Artemisia annua L. as an experimental model. In-vitro propagated and acclimatized plantlets were treated with UV-B radiation (2.8 W m −2 ; 3 h), which resulted in enhanced accumulation of total flavonoid and phenolics content as well as eleven individual flavonoids measured through HPLC-DAC. Expression of eight genes (phenylanaline ammonia lyase, cinnamate-4-hydroxylase, 4-coumarate: CoA ligase; chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, cinnamoyl reductase, flavonoid-3′-hydroxylase, and flavones synthase) from upstream and downstream flavonoid biosynthetic pathways was measured through RT-PCR and RT-Q-PCR and all were variably induced under UV-B irradiation. Among them, AaPAL1 transcript and its protein were most significantly upregulated. Global DNA methylation analysis revealed hypomethylation of genomic DNA in A. annua. Further epigenetic characterization of promoter region of AaPAL1 revealed cytosine demethylation at five sites, which in turn caused epigenetic activation of six transcription factor-binding sites including QELEMENT, EBOXBNNAPA/MYCCONSENSUSAT, MYBCORE, MYBCOREATCYCB1, and GCCCORE. MYB transcription factors are positive regulators of flavonoid biosynthesis. Epigenetic activation of transcription-enhancing cis-regulatory elements in AaPAL1 promoter and subsequent overexpression of AaMYB1 and AaMYC and AaWRKY transcription factors under UV-B irradiation may probably be the reason for higher AaPAL1 expression and hence greater biosynthesis of flavonoids in A. annua L. The present study is the first report that provides mechanistic evidence of epigenetic regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis under UV-B radiation in A. annua L. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Herbal cures for psoriasis, an autoimmune disorder
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2018) Shashi Pandey Rai; Deepika Tripathi; Neha Pandey; Anjana Kumari; Krishna Kumar Rai; Apoorva; Sanjay Kumar Rai
Psoriasis is a persistent, long-lasting (chronic), immune-mediated inflammatory skin problem that changes the life cycle of skin cells There are several factors that contribute to the development and/or aggravation of the disease. The causes of psoriasis pathogenesis are generally a complex interaction among genetic, epigenetic, immunological, and environmental components that involve T cells (T lymphocytes) of the immune system which migrates to the dermis and trigger the release of several cytokines like interleukins (IL), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interferons (IF), thereby causing inflammation and rapid production of keratinocytes. Psoriasis also develops due to various stresses like oxidative stress, caused as a result of reactive oxygen species (ROS); psychological stress; and skin injuries. Lipoxygenases (LOXs), a class of enzymes producing inflammatory mediators, are also known to govern psoriasis pathogenesis. Excessive use of certain drugs such as lithium salt, beta blockers and the antimalarial drug chloroquininine can aggravate the disease as well. The bioactive compounds present in medicinal plants have remarkable antioxidant properties required for the protection of the cells against the damaging effects of ROS and LOXs. Thus, they prevent the body against the adverse effects caused by oxidative stress and/or inflammatory responses. These plants are therefore capable of preventing and/or curing pathological conditions of skin and inflammatory diseases. In this chapter, the plant extracts/phytocompounds that have efficient antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and, immuno-modulatory properties (the significant attributes essential for combating psoriasis), and can be further exploited as potent drug candidates for curing psoriasis were described to prospect them for drug discovery. © 2018 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Heterologous expression of cyanobacterial PCS confers augmented arsenic and cadmium stress tolerance and higher artemisinin in Artemisia annua hairy roots
(Springer, 2021) Neha Pandey; Krishna Kumar Rai; Sanjay Kumar Rai; Shashi Pandey-Rai
The present study provides the first report of heterologous expression of phytochelatin synthase from Anabaena PCC 7120 (anaPCS) into the hairy roots of Artemisia annua. Transformed hairy roots of A. annua expressing anaPCS gene showed better tolerance to heavy metals, viz., arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) owing to 143 and 191% more As- and Cd-accumulation, respectively, as compared to normal roots with a bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 9.7 and 21.1 for As and Cd, respectively. Under As and Cd stresses, transformed hairy roots possessed significantly higher amounts of phytochelatins and thiols probably due to the presence of both AaPCS (Artemisia annua PCS) and anaPCS. In addition, artemisinin synthesis was also induced in transformed hairy roots under heavy metals stresses. In-silico analysis revealed the presence of conserved motifs in both AaPCS and anaPCS sequences as well as structural modelling of PCS functional domain was conducted. Interaction of AaPCS and anaPCS proteins with CdCl2 and sodium arsenate gene ontology analysis gave insights to anaPCS functioning in transformed hairy roots of A. annua. The study provides transformed hairy roots of A. annua as an efficient tool for effective phytoremediation with added advantages of artemisinin extraction from hairy roots used for phytoremediation. © 2021, Korean Society for Plant Biotechnology.
Impact of integrated omics technologies for identification of key genes and enhanced artemisinin production in Artemisia annua L
(CRC Press, 2017) Shashi Pandey-Rai; Neha Pandey; Anjana Kumari; Deepika Tripathi; Sanjay Kumar Rai
Medicinal plants are the source of an enormous variety of bioactive secondary metabolites and have potential synergistic effects against a broad range of human diseases. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 80% of the world’s population depend on medicinal plants for everyday healthcare. One of the most popular secondary metabolites with immense 222therapeutic potential is artemisinin (AN), present in a well-known Asteraceae family member, Artemisia annua L. The AN isolated from the leaves of A. annua by Chinese scientist You You Tu is acknowledged as an effective antimalarial compound (Barbacka and Baer-Dubowska 2011). AN and its bioactive derivatives isolated from A. annua are powerful medicines widely used for their ability to swiftly control Plasmodium malaria. AN-based combination therapies (ACTs), with their established safety record, are the first line of treatment recommended by WHO (2014) for malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. In addition to its antimalarial effects, AN has recently been evaluated for its potential antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, antileishmanial, antischistosomiatic, anti-sleeping sickness, anticancer, and herbicidal properties (Efferth et al. 2011; Utzinger et al. 2001; Sen et al. 2007; Mishina et al. 2007). However, the low content of AN in plant tissue has resulted in poor yield/production of AN, which seems insufficient to fulfill the demand for 392 million courses of ACT each year (WHO 2014). Semisynthetic derivatives of AN, such as artemether and artesunate, are also commonly produced commercially, but they are not routinely available in remote rural areas. Moreover, these derivatives are very expensive, and low yields of AN result in relatively high costs for its extraction and purification. Further, A. annua requires a relatively long period of time for its agricultural cultivation, which results in wide swings in affordable, best-quality, robust supply of raw materials, and prices. Intensified efforts have been carried out to increase AN production (Liu et al. 2006). However, the routine metabolic engineering strategy, via overexpressing or downregulating key genes in AN biosynthetic pathways, has not proved very effective. Glandular secretory trichomes, sites of AN biosynthesis on the surface of A. annua, are the new target for increasing AN yield (Duke et al. 1994). In general, the population and morphology of glandular secretory trichomes in A. annua (AaGSTs) are positively correlated with AN content. Higher production of AN requires breeding of A. annua to optimize the biomass yield and trichome density. Various efforts have been made to breed high-trichome density cultivars of the plant for increased AN production. However, various approaches have been already taken into consideration for the semisynthesis of AN (Paddon et al. 2013). The production of AN is also challenging because A. annua remains relatively undeveloped as a crop. Therefore, there is a need to improve the varieties and cultivation strategies of A. annua for farmers in developing countries, because this would bring immediate benefits to the existing supply chain of AN. Major advancements in omics technologies such as genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have enabled high-throughput monitoring of a variety of molecular and biochemical processes. These techniques have been widely applied to identify biological variants and complex biochemical pathways/systems. Many omics platforms target the comprehensive analysis of genes (genomics), mRNA (transcriptomics), proteins (proteomics), and metabolites (metabolomics). However, the interpretation of obtained data is challenging due to very complex biochemical and metabolic pathways.223. © 2018 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
In vitro generation of high artemisinin yielding salt tolerant somaclonal variant and development of SCAR marker in Artemisia annua L
(Springer Netherlands, 2016) Neha Pandey; Ram Prasad Meena; Sanjay Kumar Rai; Shashi Pandey-Rai
Low levels of artemisinin in Artemisia annua is posing serious limitation in sustainable supply of this drug and ultimately affecting global struggle to cure malaria. The present study explores new ways for higher artemisinin production through generating somaclonal variant tolerant against salt stress. Here, through gamma-rays irradiation a total of 13 somaclonal variants (ASV1 to ASV13) were identified. They were characterized on the basis of morphological traits and further molecular characterization was carried out through RAPD analysis. Dendrogram, constructed on the basis of RAPD scores, showed six major clusters in which ASV12 was most distant from control to fallen alone in last cluster. Based on 16 metric traits examined among 13 somaclonal variants and wild type, correlation analysis was carried out. In addition, principle component analysis was conducted to attest the results. All statistical analysis suggested ASV12 as stable salt tolerant somaclonal variant of A. annua. ASV12 had higher artemisinin content as compared to wild type and under salt stress; expression of key artemisinin biosynthetic genes (ADS, CYP71AV1, DBR2 and ALDH1) was more in ASV12 as compared to wild type. Further SCAR marker (570 bp) linked with high artemisinin was developed and further tested on the low and high artemisinin yielding lines, F1 and F2 progenies. A single band was amplified in ASV12 and all high artemisinin-yielding plants. The study provides ample possibility of cultivation of ASV12 variant of A. annua on saline soil for dual benefit: high artemisinin production and utilization of waste saline land. © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016.
In-vivo Studies and Molecular Docking of Modeled Mus musculas 8S Lipoxygenase Protein Using Some Natural Bioactive Compounds
(Springer, 2022) Shashi Pandey-Rai; Krishna Kumar Rai; Neha Pandey; Deepika Tripathi; Apoorva; Vinay Kumar Singh; Sanjay Kumar Rai
Mus musculus 8S Lipoxygenase (8SLOX) is expressed in suprabasal keratinocytes, and the massive accumulation of 8-HETE, the product of 8SLOX, plays a significant role in epidermal tumor development in papillomas and induces chromosomal alterations in basal keratinocytes. It has also been observed to be unregulated in inflammatory dermatoses. In an attempt to discover potent 8S LOX inhibitors, 5 bioactive compounds, viz., anthraquinone, celastrine, curcumin, gilloin and tinosporide, derived from different medicinal plants, were selected for the molecular docking study against 8S LOX protein. NDGA, a known lipoxygenase inhibitor was used as a standard. A 3D structure of Mus musculus Arachidonate 8S LOX protein (PMDB ID: PM0078979) was predicted using comparative homology modeling with homologous template (PDB ID: 3V98), retrieved from PDB resources. Conserved active site residues Gln109 and Asn174 were found to be involved in interaction with all drugs including NDGA. Docking studies revealed that celastrine has the best interaction followed by gilloin and curcumin, all of which performed much better than NDGA. Gene expression pattern in the skin of the control mice, IMQ-treated and phytocompound-treated psoriasis-like dermatitis inducedmice revealed that the curcumin and gillion compound were more influential in downregulating 8S lipoxygenase gene than the other compound used in this study. The results suggested that these potent compounds can efficiently inhibit 8S LOX protein and therefore can prove to be promising candidates in drug development for the treatment of inflammatory disorders of skin like psoriasis. © 2021, The National Academy of Sciences, India.
Marker-assisted breeding for abiotic stress tolerance in horticultural crops
(Elsevier, 2021) Sanjay Kumar Rai; Apoorva; Shashi Pandey-Rai
The horticultural crops are predominantly short duration crops mostly grown on small patches of land and require a very specific climatic and edaphic requirement to complete their growth and production cycle. The extreme weather events and various abiotic stresses have been reported to cause considerable damage to many horticultural crops. The effects of abiotic stresses like drought, temperature, cold, salinity, and heavy metals on the yield performance are more pronounced in vegetables and fruit crops. To cope up with these abiotic challenges, different plant breeding programs have already been carried out, focusing on the development of abiotic stress-tolerant varieties. Recently, the economic uses of utilizing molecular markers of interesting genes in plant breeding programs have emerged out as a powerful tool in molecular breeding. The potential benefits of these identified markers of bona fide specific traits enhanced the feasibility and success of this marker-assisted selection (MAS). In conventional breeding programs, the selection is carried out based on morphological traits without the knowledge of genetics. Impact of abiotic factors and recent yield issues, characters that control environmental stress tolerance, mineral, osmotic requirement, etc., are the main concerns for horticultural crops. The molecular MAS technology suggests rapid and cost-effective progress in selecting abiotic stress-acclimated horticultural plants with expanding accuracy. The molecular-aided selection has potential in pyramiding target traits/genes in a single progeny plant more precisely and conveniently with little\accidental harms. Marker-tagged abiotic stress-resistance genes can be easily combined without the need for phenotypic screening. As it is a cost-effective and less time-consuming strategy, it can be suggested for long-term improvement in stress tolerance of horticultural crops with some limitations. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.
Medicinal plants derived nutraceuticals: A Re-emerging health aid
(2011) Neha Pandey; Ram Prasad Meena; Sanjay Kumar Rai; Shashi Pandey-Rai
Nutritional therapy and phyto-therapy have emerged as new concepts of health aid in recent years. Strong recommendations for consumption of nutraceuticals from plant origin have become progressively popular to improve health, and to prevent and treat diseases. Nutraceuticals are "naturally derived bioactive compounds that are found in foods, dietary supplements and herbal products, and have health promoting, disease preventing and medicinal properties." Plant derived Nutraceuticals/functional foods have received considerable attention because of their presumed safety and potential nutritional and therapeutic effects. Some popular phyto-nutraceuticals include glucosamine from ginseng, Omega-3 fatty acids from linseed, Epigallocatechin gallate from green tea, lycopene form tomato etc. Majority of the nutraceuticals are claimed to possess multiple therapeutic benefits though substantial evidence is lacking for the benefits as well as unwanted effects. With these trends, improvement of the dietary nutritional values of fruits, vegetables and other crops or enhancement of the bioactive components in folk herbals have become the targets of blooming plant biotechnology industry. The present review has been devoted towards better understanding of the phyto-nutraceuticals from different medicinal plants based on their disease specific indications.
New perspectives of the Artemisia annua bioactive compounds as an affordable cure in treatment of malaria and cancer
(Elsevier, 2020) Sanjay Kumar Rai; Apoorva; Krishna Kumar Rai; Shashi Pandey-Rai
Artemisia annua, a herbaceous medicinal plant is the only commercial and economical source of the sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin, which is currently represented as the starting point for an unprecedented discovery in the treatment of cerebral malaria fever worldwide. Artemisinin and its derivatives are the best antimalarial therapeutics presently delivered as artemisinin combination therapy Beyond the therapeutic value as an antiparasitic agent against Plasmodium parasites, the compound artemisinin along with Artemisia leaf flavonoids has the potential of an anticancerous agent. Although this bioactive unique compound artemisinin is a major component synthesized and accumulated in the herbal parts of plants, various leaf flavonoids of this plant also have a variety of specific biological activities that can synergize the effects of artemisinin against malaria and cancer. Cancer cells concentrate iron for use in cellular division similar to the malaria parasite, which also collects higher concentrations of iron than the normal cells, and the peroxide of artemisinin “breaks” this iron, which is immediately transformed into two very aggressive free radicals that can kill the affected cell rapidly. The combination of dihydroartemisinin with ferrous sulfate has been reported to reduce tumor growth. Therefore, iron is often administered several hours before artemisinin to enhance targeting of the cancer cells while sparing normal cells. In this chapter, antimalarial, immunosuppressive, and antiinflammatory properties of this plant are presented using the published information as an affordable medicine in the treatment of malaria and cancer. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.
Nutraceutical enriched vegetables: Molecular approaches for crop improvement
(2012) Sanjay Kumar Rai; Neha Arora; Neha Pandey; Ram Prasad Meena; Kavita Shah; Shashi Pandey-Rai
Nutraceuticals have been explored recently as sustainable alternatives for the control and prevention of large number of diseases. They have received considerable attention because they are safe, efficacious and have potential nutritional value as well as therapeutic effects. Among natural dietary supplements, vegetables being low in calories are packed with vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and phytochemicals. They play an important part in the human diet and are a major source of biologically active nutraceuticals. Some popular phyto-nutraceuticals include lycopene from tomato, curcumin from turmeric, carotenoids from carrot etc. Majority of the vegetable originated nutraceuticals are claimed to possess multiple therapeutic benefits; though substantial evidence for their benefits as well as unwanted effects is lacking. The present review has been devoted towards better understanding of the phyto-nutraceuticals from different vegetables based on their disease specific indications and enhancing nutraceutical qualities of vegetables through biotechnological/molecular approaches.
Organoheterobimetallic complexes derived from bis(1-ethoxycarbonyl)-1-cyanoethylene-2,2-dithiolatometalate(II) ion: Synthesis and properties
(Elsevier, 2000) Nanhai Singh; Sanjay Kumar Rai
A complex salt [NEt4]2[Cu(ecda)2] and six organoheterobimetallic complexes [Bu2Sn][Cu(ecda)2], [Ph3Sn]2[Ni(ecda)2] and [PhHg]2[M(ecda)2] (M=Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) or Cd(II); ecda2-=1-ethoxycarbonyl-1-cyanoethylene-2,2-dithiolate) have been prepared. Their characterization relies on analysis, spectroscopic methods, magnetic and conductivity measurements and cyclic voltammetric studies. The diamagnetic compounds [PhHg]2[Cu(ecda)2] and [Bu2Sn][Cu(ecda)2] are strongly antiferromagnetically coupled. Unshifted and unbroadened nature of 1H-NMR signals show that [PhHg]2[Cu(ecda)2] remains diamagnetic in solution while [PhHg]2[Ni(ecda)2], which is paramagnetic in the solid state becomes square planar-diamagnetic in solution. In the case of [Bu2Sn][Cu(ecda)2] the peak broadening shows absence of Cu-Cu interaction due to paramagnetic nature of the compound in solution. All the products exhibited σrt in the range of 10-10-10-9 S cm-1. Except [Bu2Sn][Cu(ecda)2], [PhHg]2[Cu(ecda)2] and [Ph3Sn]2[Ni(ecda)2], which show semi conducting behaviour in the range of 293-343 K, the remaining compounds are electrically insulating over the above temperature range. © 2000 Elsevier Science S.A.
PLANT CIRCADIAN RHYTHM: A BIOLOGICAL CLOCK AS DEVELOPMENTAL AND METABOLIC REGULATOR
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2022) Nidhi Rai; Sabitri Kumari; Pajeb Saha; Apoorva; Sanjay Kumar Rai; Ram Prasad Meena; Shashi Pandey-Rai
Plants have an internal biological system that receives differential environmental fluctuations/stimuli such as temperature and light controlling circadian rhythm for maintenance of growth and developmental processes. These biological rhythms are regulated by the interaction of certain external signals and internal receptors. In plants, it is complex networking within transcription factors that functions in feedback loops. These light-induced phototropic controls are mediated by photoreceptors like phytochromes, cryptochrome, phototropin and master genes/regulators for floral development. These responses are genetic in nature and have master clock genes which further regulates many copies of the master transcription factor that are responsible for regulating/switch-on many important genes of metabolism by binding with the promoter region of target genes. The diurnal behavior in plants has been observed because of the existence of a feedback loop and a phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle. The light and temperatures positively regulate the induction of various genes along with a set of polycomb gene. Many long non-coding RNAs, micro-RNA and RNAdependent polymerases are indispensable parts of the diurnal cycle in plants. Environmental signals are involved in activating clock genes, and clock repressor circuits work to alienate and degrade these extrinsic gene activation pathways. Most transcription factors are cyclic and these subclasses can regulate clock parameters. Transcriptional regulators and associated chromatids that control transcriptional regulation are only one step in a multistep regulatory network. Post-translational relaxation, nuclear-cytoplasmic dissociation, RNA splicing and proteolytic functions participate in the stimulation. Homogenization of all these activities leads to the generation and sustainable facilitation of the robust rhythm and response to the diurnal variations of the environment. The purpose of this chapter is to explain the physiological and molecular mechanisms of the circadian clocks of plants, including biochemistry, and to demonstrate the function/role of the circadian clock in metabolic, physiological processes and plant behavior. © 2022 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Possible vascular injury due to screw eccentricity in minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty
(Medknow Publications, 2017) Nishant Kumar Singh; Sanjay Kumar Rai; Amit Rastogi
Background: Vascular injury during minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty (THA) is uncommon, yet a well-recognized and serious issue. It emerges because of non-visibility of vascular structures proximal to the pelvic bone during reaming, drilling holes, and fixing of screws. Numerous studies have found that screw fixation during cementless THA is beneficial for the initial stability of cup; yet, no anatomical guidelines support angular eccentric screw fixation. Materials and Methods: In this study, we obtained the pelvic arterial-phase computed tomographic data of thirty eight humans and reconstructed the three-dimensional models of osseous and vessel structures. We performed the surgical simulation to fix these structures with cementless cups and screws with angular eccentricities. Results: The effect of screw eccentricities (angular eccentricities of ±17° and ±34°) on the vascular injury was determined. Measurement between screw and adjoining vessels was performed and analyzed statistically to ascertain a comparative risk study for blood vessels that are not visible during surgery. Conclusion: Authors similarly discussed the significant absence of appreciation of quadrant systems proposed by Wasielewski et al. on eccentric screws. Adjustment of quadrant systems provided by Wasielewski et al. is required for acetabular implants with eccentric holes for fixation of acetabular screws. © 2017 Indian Journal of Orthopaedics | Published by Wolters Kluwer-Medknow.
Pristine NiMOF Sandwiched between 1D and 3D Engineered Au Particles and Dendrites for Ultraswift Folic Acid Sensing in Cellular Microenvironment
(American Chemical Society, 2024) N. Shubhangi; Rohini Kumari; Kajal Kachhawaha; Sumit K. Singh; Sanjay Kumar Rai; Pranjal Chandra
Catalytic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-based sensor matrices can act synergistically with Au metallic nanostructures to generate amplified signal readouts by causing the electro-oxidation of the target analyte. Folic acid (FA), an essential water-soluble vitamin and a precursor for enzymes, requires timely and precise monitoring in the serum of individuals with varying clinical diagnoses. An attempt has been made in this direction through our work, where the rapid detection of FA through its oxidation at metal centers from hybrid nanomaterials is deployed for signal generation. A nonenzymatic, nonimmunometric approach involving a sandwich model, comprising NiMOF layered between gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and gold nanodendrites (AuNDs) incorporated within a sensor matrix, has been deployed for this purpose. The probe displayed great analytical performance with a linear dynamic range (LDR) from 1 × 10-11 M to 1 × 10-3 M and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.43 × 10-11 M. The probe’s average response time with respect to changes in FA concentration was recorded as less than 2.1 s, making it a rapid sensing platform for FA detection. The real-life applicability of the developed sensor was tested in serum, followed by analysis in a breast cancer cellular microenvironment, which yielded a current recovery between 95.11 and 98.17%. The in vitro analysis was further validated through live-cell imaging using the standard method of fluorescence. The shorter fabrication time of the developed sensor compared to existing ones makes it a facile and efficient sensing platform for FA detection in clinical settings. This study represents the first report on the conjunction of 1D, 2D, and 3D materials as a sensing matrix for molecular detection applications. © 2024 American Chemical Society.
Programmatic mapping and population size estimation of key population in India: Method and findings
(Public Library of Science, 2025) Pradeep Vignesh Kumar; Chinmoyee Das; Bhawani Singh Khushwaha; Saiprasad Prabhakar Bhavsar; Shantanu Kumar Purohit; Arvind Kumar; Subrata Biswas; Nidhi Priyam; Lalit Singh Kharayat; Shajan Mathew; Akhilesh Srivastava; Jyotsana Pal; Shreena Ramanathan; Abhina Aher; Deepika Srivastava Joshi; Rajatashuvra Adhikary; Shajy K. Isac; Hanjabam Sanayaima Devi; Pinnaka Venkata Maha Lakshmi; Elangovan Arumugam; Sanjay Kumar Rai; Sheela V. Godbole; S. K. Singh; Himanshu Kumar Chaturvedi; Dr Shanta Dutta; Shashi Kant; Dandu Chandra Sekhar Reddy; Sanjay Madhav Mehendale; Shobini Rajan
India has the world’s second-largest HIV burden. Key populations of female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), hijra/transgender (H/TG) people, and people who inject drugs (PWID), are disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic. A community-led programmatic mapping and population size estimation (PMPSE) was carried out in 651 districts of 32 States and Union Territories of India. The goal was to identify the hotspots, network operators, and estimate the size of key population groups. This involved documenting the known hotspots, visiting them for rapid field assessment through key informants’/ network operators interviews, and identifying additional hotspots/ network operators through the snow-balling approach from the existing hotspots. For each identified hotspot, network operator, and village, size of each key population group was estimated after adjusting for the duplications and overlaps. These estimates were then aggregated to arrive at district, State, and ultimately national-level estimates. PMPSE estimated a total of 9,95,499 (9,02,277–10,88,712) FSWs, 3,51,020 (3,13,860–3,88,175) MSM, 2,88,717 (2,53,024-3,24,407) PWIDs, and 96,193 (85,206-1,07,174) H/TG individuals. The number of FSWs per 1000 adult women in different States/Union Territories (UT) varied from 0.34 to 17.25; MSM estimates ranged from 0.07 to 7.35 per 1000 adult men, H/TG persons ranged from 0.03 to 2.75 per 1000 adult men, and PWIDs ranged from 0.01 to 31.30 per 1000 adult men. Additionally, approximately 14% of FSWs, 7% of MSM, and 8% of H/TG individuals were estimated to operate exclusively through network operators. The community-led PMPSE has updated the size estimates for FSWs, MSM, PWIDs, and H/TG individuals at a granular level. This approach has emphatically quantified the presence of network operators. The methodological simplicity of the present round of PMPSE is likely to encourage and facilitate its periodic implementation for better tracking of population level changes in HIV burden based on more reliable denominators. This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.