Browsing by Author "Sanjay Mishra"

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A Hydroelectric Project and its Impact on Development Indicators in Ethiopia
(Routledge, 2015) Sanjay Mishra; Aklilu Kahssay
This study analyses developmental indicators in southern Ethiopia in connection with the Gilgel Gibe III hydroelectric project and its impact on the local community. The project area and people have long been marginalized, while energy demand has been rising apace with the growing manufacturing sector in the country. Because of the overuse and exhaustion of traditional sources, new energy sources must be explored, if economic growth is to continue. Finished goods are in demand, leading to industrial activities that further increase the demand for energy. Budgetary and other associated constraints have delayed the Gilgel Gibe III hydropower project, but construction work is 88 per cent completed as of this writing. This project might play a vital role in local community development and Ethiopia in general, as it is set to increase national energy coverage by 94 per cent. © 2015 Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI).
A potential contribution of achene micromorphology and phytolith analysis in describing the systematics of genus Bolboschoenus from India
(Springer-Verlag Wien, 2015) Sanjay Mishra; Durgesh Kumar Tripathi; Zdenka Hroudová; Devendra Kumar Chauhan
Three entities of taxonomically difficult genus Bolboschoenus collected from India were subjected to micromorphological and phytolith studies. For micromorphological study, silica bodies in the outer cells of the achene epidermis were revealed by acetolysis and sonication and examined by scanning electron microscopy. A silica body consists of a basal platform, one or more large elevated protuberances, and sometimes smaller satellite protuberances. Significant differences have been found in the number of protuberances, the presence/absence of satellites, the texture of the platform, and the occurrence of nodules on the larger protuberances at individual species level. These features, combined with achene shape and characteristics of the anticlinal walls of the epidermal cells (undulate vs. straight, thick vs. thin, buttressed or not), are expressed in a unique combination for each entity. It is clearly evident from the study that micromorphological characters of the achene epidermis vary significantly between different species. Therefore, the micromorphology of the achene epidermis of Bolboschoenus is valuable in understanding the taxonomy at infraspecific, specific and supraspecific levels in the genus. Results provided by phytolith analysis are useful not only in taxonomic demarcation of Bolboschoenus, but they will be useful in future archaeobotanical and paleoecological investigations also. In conclusion, present study confirms the presence of B. affinis and B. glaucus in India, while suggests more investigation on presence of B. maritimus in India. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Wien.
Development of a Functional Food Security for Parents for Transgenerational Epigenetic Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Among Offspring
(Elsevier, 2018) Ram B. Singh; Anil K. Chauhan; Ravi P. Singh; Meenakshi Singh; Sanjay Mishra; Fabien De Meester; Krasimira Hristova; Toru Takahashi; Jan Fedacko; Anna Gvozdjakova; Arunporn Itharat; Ekasit Onsaard; Douglas W. Wilson
Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have become a worldwide problem due food security and lack of physical activity. The rapid increase may be due to interaction of genes/memes and environment, having adverse effects on the epigenome. A new package of nutrient-rich functional foods (FFs) or a package of micronutrients (based on healthy foods) and egg or soy bean milk, may protect against epigenetic inheritance, which is probably a safe strategy for protection from diseases. Methods: Discussion with colleagues in this field and website search. Results: Recent studies indicate that Mediterranean-style foods and multiple micronutrients are inversely associated with risk of NCDs; cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and obesity later in adult life. Recommendations by UNICEF/WHO/UNU for pregnant women include 15 micronutrients likely to be administered during the antenatal period. Micronutrients supplementation is required in three different conditions, namely, nonpregnant, pregnant, and lactating women. As Mediterranean-style diets are rich in FFs, administration of these foods during pregnancy provides most of the aforementioned nutrients, which may be beneficial to mothers, as well as the fetus and offspring. A significant increase in body length was observed on administering a high-fat diet to pregnant mice, which remained across two generations of offspring. It could be an epigenetic inheritance of a growth-related factor in the offspring, reflecting reduced insulin sensitivity across two generations, and also providing a proof of epigenetic alterations in gene expression via altered tertiary structure of a DNA strand, without altering the DNA sequence. Conclusions: This approach may cause health promotion and disease prevention in the next generation. The idea of FF security for global health is important and practical. © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Micronutrients and their diverse role in agricultural crops: advances and future prospective
(Polish Academy of Sciences, 2015) Durgesh Kumar Tripathi; Shweta Singh; Swati Singh; Sanjay Mishra; D.K. Chauhan; N.K. Dubey
In plant sciences, the prodigious significance of micronutrient is unavoidable since plant relies primarily on micronutrient as it has profound influence on array of plant activities. Although micronutrients are abundantly present in the soil but plants usually acquire them in relatively trace amounts; hence, regarded as tracer element. B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn are such micronutrients required in minute amounts by plants but inexorably play an eminent role in plant growth and development. Plant metabolism, nutrient regulation, reproductive growth, chlorophyll synthesis, production of carbohydrates, fruit and seed development, etc., are such effective functions performed by micronutrients. These tracer elements when present at adequate level, elevate the healthy growth in plant physiological, biochemical and metabolic characteristics while their deficiency promotes abnormal growth in plants. Prevalence of micronutrient deficiency has become more common in recent years and the rate of their reduction has further been increased by the perpetual demands of modern crop cultivars, high soil erosion, etc. On the basis of present existing condition, it is not difficult to conclude that, the regular increment of micronutrient deficiency will be mostly responsible for the remarkable degradation in substantiality of agricultural crops somewhere in near future and so that this issue has now been the subject of intensified research among the breeder, ingenuities and expertise of science. These micronutrients can also be proven toxic when present at accelerated concentrations and such toxicity level endangers the plant growth. Taking this into consideration, the current review unfolds the phenomenal participation of micronutrients in plant sciences and gives a brief overview of the current understanding of main features concerning several micronutrient acquisitions in agricultural crop plants. © 2015, Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków.
Role of sedges (cyperaceae) in wetlands, environmental cleaning and as food material: Possibilities and future perspectives
(wiley, 2015) Sanjay Mishra; Ashutosh Tripathi; Durgesh Kumar Tripathi; Devendra Kumar Chauhan
Sedges are predominant plants in vegetation of many wetlands. Identifying the sedges and understanding their role is crucial for the identification of wetlands vegetation as well as for understanding the dynamics and importance of wetland ecosystems as the characteristic attributes of a wetland, including vegetation, water (hydrology and water quality), soils (nutrient, pH level and organic content) and wildlife, are interrelated. Sedge-dominated wetland vegetation supports food webs and creates habitats for faunal diversity. Sedges also play a less explored but very important role of removing toxic compounds from water. Large crops of water-dispersed fruits and tubers produced by sedge vegetation provide food to insects, birds (especially passerines) and some mammals. Tubers and seeds of some sedges are also used by humans. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.