Browsing by Author "Sanjeet Kumar"

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Evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant potential of the zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by aqueous and polyol method
(Academic Press, 2018) Siba Soren; Sanjeet Kumar; Sanjibani Mishra; Padan K. Jena; Satish K. Verma; Purnendu Parhi
In this paper, we have reported the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of monodispersed Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles synthesized by the room temperature precipitation (aqueous phase) and polyol method (organic phase). ZnO nanoparticle synthesized by both the methods had shown excellent DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging, metal chelating (MC), ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis; 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical scavenging activity (SAS). Scavenging activities were assayed within a concentration range of 25–75 ng ml−1. The antibacterial activities with MIC were investigated against two Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus mutans (MTCC 497) and S. pyogens (MTCC 1926); three Gram negative bacteria Vibrio cholerae (MTCC 3906), Shigella flexneri (MTCC 1457) and Salmonella typhii (MTCC 1252). ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by the polyol method showed better MIC values against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as compared to particles synthesized by aqueous precipitation method. Present study demonstrates the successful synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles with antioxidant property and significant broad spectrum antibacterial activity against several clinical bacterial pathogens. © 2018
Genetic diversity in Capsicum germplasm based on microsatellite and random amplified microsatellite polymorphism markers
(2013) Ved Prakash Rai; Rajesh Kumar; Sanjay Kumar; Ashutosh Rai; Sanjeet Kumar; Major Singh; Sheo Pratap Singh; Awadesh Bahadur Rai; Rajneesh Paliwal
A sound knowledge of the genetic diversity among germplasm is vital for strategic germplasm collection, maintenance, conservation and utilisation. Genomic simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and random amplified microsatellite polymorphism (RAMPO) markers were used to analyse diversity and relationships among 48 pepper (Capsicum spp.) genotypes originating from nine countries. These genotypes covered 4 species including 13 germplasm accessions, 30 improved lines of 4 domesticated species and 5 landraces derived from natural interspecific crosses. Out of 106 SSR markers, 25 polymorphic SSR markers (24 %) detected a total of 76 alleles (average, 3.04; range, 2-5). The average polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.69 (range, 0.29-0.92). Seventeen RAMPO markers produced 87 polymorphic fragments with average PIC of 0.63 (range, 0.44-0.81). Dendrograms based on SSRs and RAMPOs generated two clusters. All 38 Capsicum annuum genotypes and an interspecific landrace clustered together, whereas nine non-annuum (three Capsicum frutescens, one Capsicum chinense, one Capsicum baccatum and four interspecific landraces) genotypes clustered separately. Genetic variation within non-annuum genotypes was greater than the C. annuum genotypes. Distinctness of interspecific derivative landraces grown in northeast India was validated; natural crossing between sympatric Capsicum species has been proposed as the mechanism of their origin. © 2013 Prof. H.S. Srivastava Foundation for Science and Society.
Genetics and distribution of fertility restoration associated RAPD markers in inbreds of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
(2007) Sanjeet Kumar; Vineeta Singh; Major Singh; Shubha Rai; Sanjeev Kumar; Sunil Kumar Rai; Mathura Rai
Experiments were conducted to study genetics of fertility restoration and to examine distribution of RAPD markers (OPW19800 and OPP131400) linked with fertility restoration gene (Rf) in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) inbreds. Forty-two hot and five sweet pepper inbreds were crossed on a cytoplasmic male sterile (cms) line CCA-4261 and F1s were evaluated for fertility restoration under open field conditions. DNA of 5 plants of CCA-4261 and individual plants of 47 inbreds was isolated and PCR reaction was performed using OPW19 and OPP13 primers. The results revealed that most of the hot pepper lines posses Rf gene. The Rf gene associated two markers, viz., OPW19800 and OPP131400 were not frequently distributed in the restorer inbred lines because presence of marker bands often does not coincide with the presence of Rf gene identified in many restorer inbreds. The case specific applications of both the RAPD markers have been described. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Inheritance of gynoecism in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)
(2006) Dangar Ram; Sanjeet Kumar; Major Singh; Mathura Rai; Gautam Kalloo
The inheritance of sex expression in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and other cucurbits is well documented; however, the genetics of female sex (gynoecism) expression in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) has not been described. Inheritance of gynoecism in bitter gourd was studied in a 100% gynoecious line (Gy263B). The F2 and testcross segregation data revealed that gynoecism in Gy263B is under the control of a single, recessive gene. Following the gene nomenclature of cucurbits, it is proposed that the gene symbol, gy-1, be assigned for the expression of gynoecism in bitter gourd. © The American Genetic Association. 2006. All rights reserved.
Monogenic recessive resistance to Pepper leaf curl virus in an interspecific cross of Capsicum
(Elsevier, 2014) Ved Prakash Rai; Rajesh Kumar; Sheo Pratap Singh; Sanjay Kumar; Sanjeet Kumar; Major Singh; Mathura Rai
Pepper leaf curl disease is a serious threat to pepper production. Resistant sources based on field screening breakdown when virus pressure is severe. The lack of advanced screening techniques for Pepper leaf curl virus (PepLCV) limits the search for true sources of resistance. We standardized an artificial microcage inoculation technique and screened 22 pepper genotypes. Two earlier reported highly resistant sources, GKC-29 and BS-35, were confirmed, and Bhut Jolokia was identified as a new source of resistance. The inheritance study of resistance to PepLCV in a partially compatible inter-specific cross (PBC-535. ×. Bhut Jolokia) revealed monogenic recessive nature of PepLCV resistance. Bhut Jolokia may serve as a donor for the development of pepper cultivars with commercially acceptable fruit morphology and pungency. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
Novel source of resistance and differential reactions on chilli fruit infected by Colletotrichum capsici
(2013) Ruchi Garg; Sanjay Kumar; Rajesh Kumar; Murugan Loganathan; Sujoy Saha; Sanjeet Kumar; Awadhesh B. Rai; Bijoy K. Roy
Pre- and post-harvest anthracnose fruit rot is a main disease of chilli (Capsicum spp.). Among Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose, C. capsici is the most common in India. A total of 41 Capsicum genotypes were screened for anthracnose resistance under field conditions. Bhut Jolokia, PBC-380 and IC-383072 were found symptomless and some marginally cultivated lines and other crosses were observed to be resistant. In vitro inoculation of the selected set of genotypes with C. capsici revealed that 9 days after inoculation was appropriate to record observations on disease resistance. Screening the 41 genotypes for resistance to anthracnose under in vitro conditions revealed four symptomless and 11 highly resistant lines. Comparing field and in vitro evaluations, nine lines (BS-35, BS-20, BS-28, Punjab Lal, Bhut Jolokia, Taiwan-2, IC-383072, Pant C-1 and Lankamura Collection) showed consistent resistance in field as well as in vitro to the disease. The study on differential reactions on fruits of 16 genotypes inoculated by the two C. capsici isolates (Ccf-Varanasi and Ccc2-Raichur) clearly showed that these isolates are two different pathotypes. A detailed analysis on prevalent strains in the target region would be needed to initiate resistance breeding. Nevertheless, newly identified resistant sources offer better choices for the ongoing anthracnose resistance breeding program. © 2012 Australasian Plant Pathology Society Inc.
QTL mapping for important horticultural traits in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
(Springer India, 2015) Neeraj Dwivedi; Rajesh Kumar; Rajneesh Paliwal; Uttam Kumar; Sanjeet Kumar; Major Singh; Rakesh Kumar Singh
Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for plant height (PHT) and other yield-related traits including number of fruits per plant (NFP), ten fruits weight (TFW), fruit length (FL), fruit width (FW), total fruit weight (ToFW) and pericarp thickness (PT) were mapped in intraspecific advanced recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations of pepper. The RILs were evaluated for 2 years (F8 and F9) for plant height and seven other yield-related traits. Three types of molecular markers; simple sequence repeat (SSR), sequenced characterized amplified region (SCAR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)—were used to generate linkage maps. A total of 10 QTLs for yield-related traits were mapped on four linkage groups (LG). QTLs for plant height were mapped on LG5. The phenotypic contribution of these QTLs ranged from 8 % to 51 % in mean over environments. Out of 10 QTLs detected, nine were stable in both environments except the QTL for fruit length (Qfl.iivr.3.4) on LG3. The five QTLs; Qfw.iivr-2.1, Qtfw.iivr-2.1, Qtofw.iivr-2.1, Qnfp.iivr-2.1 and Qpt.iivr-2.1 were on the same marker interval on LG2 and one QTL, Qtofw.iivr-3.1 were tightly linked on LG3, which suggests that these genomic regions play an important role in enhancing pepper production. The genomic regions of all stable QTLs identified may serve as potential target regions for fine mapping and development of molecular markers for manipulation of yield and morphological traits in pepper. © 2013, Society for Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology.
RAPD markers for hybrid seed purity testing in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
(2007) Namrata Singh; Major Singh; Sanjeet Kumar; Rajesh Kumar; Vineeta Singh; H.C. Prasanna; Mathura Rai
[No abstract available]
Seaweed extracts: enhancing plant resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses
(Frontiers Media SA, 2024) Gagan Kumar; Satyabrata Nanda; Sushil Kumar Singh; Sanjeet Kumar; Divya Singh; Bansh Narayan Singh; Arpan Mukherjee
Seaweeds are a natural marine resource containing many bioactive compounds such as amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, phytohormones, and antimicrobial compounds. Since ancient times, seaweeds have been used in various sectors, including medicine, food, and the cosmetic industry. Currently, seaweeds are a promising alternative to reduce the application of harmful chemicals in agriculture. Seaweed and its derived products have been utilized for plant growth promotion, immunity enhancement, and the reduction of biotic and abiotic stresses. In the current global scenario, synthetic fertilizers and chemical pesticides are commonly used to increase agricultural crop production to meet the growing demands of the world population. However, these chemicals pose significant threats to the health of people, livestock, plants, soil, and the entire environment. In contrast, seaweed-based products are emerging as a newer option for stress mitigation and reduction, offering an alternative to synthetic chemicals. This article explains the use of seaweed extracts to increase the tolerance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. We also address the functions of various bioactive compounds present in seaweed extracts and the mechanisms by which they promote plant growth and induce defense against different stresses. Copyright © 2024 Kumar, Nanda, Singh, Kumar, Singh, Singh and Mukherjee.