Browsing by Author "Sanjeev Gupta"

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Deciphering genotype-by- Environment interaction for targeting test environments and rust resistant genotypes in field pea (Pisum sativum l.)
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2019) Arpita Das; Ashok K. Parihar; Deepa Saxena; Deepak Singh; K.D. Singha; K.P.S. Kushwaha; Ramesh Chand; R.S. Bal; Subhash Chandra; Sanjeev Gupta
Rust caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae is a major biotic constraint to field pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivation worldwide. Deployment of host-pathogen interaction and resistant phenotype is a modest strategy for controlling this intricate disease. However, resistance against this pathogen is partial and influenced by environmental factors. Therefore, the magnitude of environmental and genotype-by-environment interaction was assessed to understand the dynamism of resistance and identification of durable resistant genotypes, as well as ideal testing locations for rust screening through multi-location and multi-year evaluation. Initial screening was conducted with 250 diverse genotypes at rust hot spots. A panel of 23 promising field pea genotypes extracted from initial evaluation was further assessed under inoculated conditions for rust disease for two consecutive years at six locations in India. Integration of GGE biplot analysis and multiple comparisons tests detected a higher proportion of variation in rust reaction due to environment (56.94%) as an interactive factor followed by genotype × environment interaction (35.02%), which justified the requisite of multi-year, and multi-location testing. Environmental component for disease reaction and dominance of cross over interaction (COI) were asserted by the inconsistent and non-repeatable genotypic response. The present study effectively allocated the testing locations into various categories considering their “repeatability” and “desirability index” over the years along with “discrimination power” and “representativeness.” “Mega environment” identification helped in restructuring the ecological zonation and location of specific breeding. Detection of non-redundant testing locations would expedite optimal resource utilization in future. The computation of the confidence limit (CL) at 95% level through bootstrapping strengthened the accuracy of the GGE biplot and legitimated the precision of genotypes recommendation. Genotype, IPF-2014-16, KPMR-936 and IPF-2014-13 identified as “ideal” genotypes, which can be recommended for release and exploited in a resistance breeding program for the region confronting field pea rust. © 2019 Das, Parihar, Saxena, Singh, Singha, Kushwaha, Chand, Bal, Chandra and Gupta.
Delineating Genotype × Environment interactions towards durable resistance in mungbean against Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora canescens) using GGE biplot
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2020) Arpita Das; Sanjeev Gupta; Ashok K. Parihar; Deepak Singh; Ramesh Chand; Aditya Pratap; Kansam Dayamoy Singha; Kailash Pati Singh Kushwaha
Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora canescens) is a major fungal disease which impedes mungbean production worldwide. Presence of wider host range with existence of pathogenic variability creates intricacy towards host-pathogen dynamics. Moreover, environmental factors having crucial role in augmenting severity of this disease further complicate disease management. An attempt has been made for unfolding genotype x environment interactions towards identifying and validating durable resistant genotypes against cercospora leaf spot in multi-environment testing. Preliminary screening with 246 genotypes under artificial epiphytotic condition was conducted to extract out a subset of 22 mungbean genotypes for further evaluation in field testing across six environments consecutively for two years. GGE biplot analysis detected significant environmental influence towards genotypic response and confirmed the presence of non-crossover interaction with incoherent genotypic response, thus advocating the urgency for multi-location testing. GGE biplot aptly identified “LGG 460” and “COGG 912” as “ideal” and “desirable” genotypes, respectively having durable resistance and genetic homeostasis and thus suggested for their utilization in future resistance breeding programme in mungbean against cercospora leaf spot. © 2019 Blackwell Verlag GmbH
Detection of anaerobic infection in diabetic foot ulcer using PCR technique and the status of metronidazole therapy on treatment outcome
(2012) Nitin Aherrao; Shailesh K. Shahi; Awanindra Dwivedi; Ashok Kumar; Sanjeev Gupta; Surya Kumar Singh
Metronidazole is the drug of choice for anaerobic infection in diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) for a majority of clinicians. The present study was conducted to determine if Metronidazole is really making a difference in the healing of DFU. Methods. Deep tissue samples from the wound area of 61 diabetic foot patients were tested for anaerobic bacterial infection (Peptostreptococcus productus, Bacteroides, and Clostridium) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR-positive patients were randomized into 2 groups: Metronidazole and non-Metronidazole. Antibiotics for the control of infection were given in both groups as per clinical condition of patients. Treatment outcome was assessed by complete healing of the wound. Results. Out of 61 patients, PCR detected evidence of anaerobic infection in 32 (52%), while culture methods detected only 5 (8%) (Clostridium spp.), hence emphasizing the significance of the PCR technique over culture methods in detection of microbes. In this study, Clostridium was found with maximum prevalence of n (75%), followed by Bacteroides with n (53.1%), and Peptostreptococcus productus with n (40.6 %). Across all Wagner Ulcer Classification grades, Clostridium was the most prevalent anaerobe, and significantly associated with wound age and total leukocyte count. No difference was noted in wound healing in both groups at the end of 16 weeks. Conclusions. The authors propose that it is not mandatory to supplement Metronidazole in antibiotic regime for treatment of DFU.
Geo-electric resistivity evidence for subsurface palaeochannel systems adjacent to Harappan sites in northwest India
(2013) Rajiv Sinha; G.S. Yadav; Sanjeev Gupta; Ajit Singh; S.K. Lahiri
It has been proposed that a major palaeo-river channel course, the Ghaggar-Hakra, flowed in the interfluve between the modern Yamuna and Sutlej rivers in the western Ganges basin during the Late Quaternary. This palaeochannel course has been associated with extensive Bronze-age Harappan civilisation archaeological sites that are located with the channel. The abrupt abandonment of urban centres at ~3500BP has been explained as a consequence of river diversion, although alternative explanations for cultural decline have also been offered. A major problem with earlier interpretations has been that little information exists on the geology of the palaeochannel system. Electrical resistivity soundings were used to map the large-scale geometry and architecture of the palaeochannel system. A thick and extensive sand body is present in the subsurface in parts of north-western Rajasthan, Haryana and Punjab. The dimensions of the palaeochannel bodies imply that these are the deposits of a large river system, though detailed sedimentological analysis is necessary to validate this. Two of the resistivity transects are close to important Harappan sites, Kalibangan and Kunal, suggesting a possible link to archaeological site distribution. However, detailed chronological constraints are required to establish such links. Nevertheless, this study reports the first geophysical evidence for the subsurface geometry of the palaeo-Ghaggar-Hakra river system. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA.
Holocene landscape dynamics in the Ghaggar-Hakra palaeochannel region at the northern edge of the Thar Desert, northwest India
(Elsevier Ltd, 2019) Julie A. Durcan; David S.G. Thomas; Sanjeev Gupta; Vikas Pawar; Ravindra N. Singh; Cameron A. Petrie
Precession-forced change in insolation has driven de-intensification of the Asian Monsoon systems during the Holocene. Set against this backdrop of a weakening monsoon, Indus Civilisation populations occupied a number of urban settlements on the Ghaggar-Hakra plains during the mid-Holocene from 4.5 ka until they were abandoned by around 3.9 ka. Regional climatic variability has long been cited as a potential factor in the transformation of Indus society, however there remain substantial gaps in the chronological framework for regional climatic and environmental change at the northern margin of the Thar Desert. This makes establishing a link between climate, environment and society challenging. This paper presents 24 optically stimulated luminescence ages from a mixture of 11 fluvial and aeolian sedimentological sites on the Ghaggar-Hakra floodplain/interfluve, an area which was apparently densely populated during the Indus urban phase and subsequently. These ages identify fluvial deposition which mostly pre-dates 5 ka, although fluvial deposits are detected in the Ghaggar palaeochannel at 3.8 ka and 3.0 ka, post-dating the decline of urbanism. Aeolian accumulation phases occur around 9 ka, 6.5 ka, 2.8 ka and 1.7 ka. There is no clear link to a 4.2 ka abrupt climate event, nor is there a simple switch between dominant fluvial deposition and aeolian accumulation, and instead the OSL ages reported present a view of a highly dynamic geomorphic system during the Holocene. The decline of Indus urbanism was not spatially or temporally instantaneous, and this paper suggests that the same can be said for the geomorphic response of the northern Thar to regional climate change. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA
Hypopyon sign in pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus
(2009) Sanjay Singh; Sanjeev Gupta; Rahul Chaudhary
[No abstract available]
Multi-location evaluation of field pea in Indian climates: eco-phenological dynamics, crop-environment relationships, and identification of mega-environments
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Ashok K. Parihar; Kali Krishna Hazra; Amrit Lamichaney; Debjyoti Sen Gupta; Jitendra Kumar; R.K. Mishra; Anil K. Singh; Anuradha Bhartiya; Parvaze Ahmad Sofi; Ajaz A. Lone; Sankar P. Das; Rajesh Kumar Yadav; S.S. Punia; A.K. Singh; Geeta Rai; C.S. Mahto; Khajan Singh; Smita Tiwari; Ashok K. Saxena; Sunil Kumar Nair; Mangla Parikh; Vijay Sharma; Sudhakar P. Mishra; Deepak Singh; Sanjeev Gupta; G.P. Dixit
Characterization of crop-growing environments in relation to crop’s genotypic performance is crucial to harness positive genotype-by-environment interactions (GEI) in systematic breeding programs. Given that, the study aimed to delineate the impact of diverse environments on crop phenology and yield traits of dwarf-statured field pea, pinpointing location(s) favoring higher yield and distinctiveness within breeding lines. We tested twelve field pea breeding lines across twenty locations in India, covering Central Zone (CZ), North Western Plain Zone (NWPZ), North Eastern Plain Zone (NEPZ), and Northern Hill Zone (NHZ). Across these locations, maximum and minimum temperatures during flowering (TMAXF, TMINF) and reproductive period (TMAXRP, TMINRP) ranged 18.9–28.3, 3.3–18.0, 15.0-30.8, and 7.9-22.1oC, respectively. Meanwhile, notable variations in phenological and agronomic traits (coefficient of variation) were observed: flowering (31%), days to maturity (21%), reproductive period (18%), grain yield (48%), and 100-seed weight (18%). Combined ANOVA demonstrated an oversized impact of environment (81%) on yield, while genotype and GEI effects were 2% and 14%, respectively. The variables TMINF, TMINRP, and cumulative growing degree-day showed positive correlations with yield, while extended vegetative and maturity durations negatively influenced yield (p < 0.05). Additionally, linear mixed-models and PCA results explained that instability in crop phenology had significant influence on field pea yield. Seed weight was markedly varied within the locations (9.9–20.8 g) and both higher and lower seed weights were associated with lower yields (Optimal = 17.1 g). HA-GGE biplot-based on environment focus-scaling demonstrated three mega-environments and specific locations viz. Kota (CZ), SK Nagar (CZ), Raipur (CZ), Sehore (CZ), and Pantnagar (NWPZ) as the ideal testing-environments with high efficiency in selecting new genotypes with wider adaptability. The study findings highlight distinct impact of environments on crop phenology and agronomic traits of field pea (dwarf-type), hold substantial value in designing efficient field pea (dwarf-type) breeding program at mega-environment scale. © The Author(s) under exclusive licence to International Society of Biometeorology 2024.
Multi-location evaluation of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) in Indian climates: Ecophenological dynamics, yield relation, and characterization of locations
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022) Ashok K. Parihar; Sanjeev Gupta; Kali K. Hazra; Amrit Lamichaney; Debjyoti Sen Gupta; Deepak Singh; Raju Kumar; Anil K. Singh; Rakesh Vaishnavi; M. Samuel Jaberson; Sankar P. Das; Jai Dev; Rajesh K. Yadav; B.S. Jamwal; B.R. Choudhary; O.P. Khedar; Vijay Prakash; Harsh K. Dikshit; R.K. Panwar; Manoj Katiyar; Pankaj Kumar; C.S. Mahto; H.K. Borah; M.N. Singh; Arpita Das; A.N. Patil; H.C. Nanda; Vinod Kumar; Sumer D. Rajput; D.A. Chauhan; M.H. Patel; Raja R. Kanwar; Jitendra Kumar; S.P. Mishra; Hitesh Kumar; Indu Swarup; Suma Mogali; D. Kumaresan; Narayana Manivannan; M. Byre Gowda; Muthaiyan Pandiyan; Polneni J. Rao; D. Shivani; A.M. Prusti; P. Mahadevu; K. Iyanar; Sujata Das
Crop yield varies considerably within agroecology depending on the genetic potential of crop cultivars and various edaphic and climatic variables. Understanding site-specific changes in crop yield and genotype × environment interaction are crucial and needs exceptional consideration in strategic breeding programs. Further, genotypic response to diverse agro-ecologies offers identification of strategic locations for evaluating traits of interest to strengthen and accelerate the national variety release program. In this study, multi-location field trial data have been used to investigate the impact of environmental conditions on crop phenological dynamics and their influence on the yield of mungbean in different agroecological regions of the Indian subcontinent. The present attempt is also intended to identify the strategic location(s) favoring higher yield and distinctiveness within mungbean genotypes. In the field trial, a total of 34 different mungbean genotypes were grown in 39 locations covering the north hill zone (n = 4), northeastern plain zone (n = 6), northwestern plain zone (n = 7), central zone (n = 11) and south zone (n = 11). The results revealed that the effect of the environment was prominent on both the phenological dynamics and productivity of the mungbean. Noticeable variations (expressed as coefficient of variation) were observed for the parameters of days to 50% flowering (13%), days to maturity (12%), reproductive period (21%), grain yield (33%), and 1000-grain weight (14%) across the environments. The genotype, environment, and genotype × environment accounted for 3.0, 54.2, and 29.7% of the total variation in mungbean yield, respectively (p < 0.001), suggesting an oversized significance of site-specific responses of the genotypes. Results demonstrated that a lower ambient temperature extended both flowering time and the crop period. Linear mixed model results revealed that the changes in phenological events (days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, and reproductive period) with response to contrasting environments had no direct influence on crop yields (p > 0.05) for all the genotypes except PM 14-11. Results revealed that the south zone environment initiated early flowering and an extended reproductive period, thus sustaining yield with good seed size. While in low rainfall areas viz., Sriganganagar, New Delhi, Durgapura, and Sagar, the yield was comparatively low irrespective of genotypes. Correlation results and PCA indicated that rainfall during the crop season and relative humidity significantly and positively influenced grain yield. Hence, the present study suggests that the yield potential of mungbean is independent of crop phenological dynamics; rather, climatic variables like rainfall and relative humidity have considerable influence on yield. Further, HA-GGE biplot analysis identified Sagar, New Delhi, Sriganganagar, Durgapura, Warangal, Srinagar, Kanpur, and Mohanpur as the ideal testing environments, which demonstrated high efficiency in the selection of new genotypes with wider adaptability. Copyright © 2022 Parihar, Gupta, Hazra, Lamichaney, Sen Gupta, Singh, Kumar, Singh, Vaishnavi, Jaberson, Das, Dev, Yadav, Jamwal, Choudhary, Khedar, Prakash, Dikshit, Panwar, Katiyar, Kumar, Mahto, Borah, Singh, Das, Patil, Nanda, Kumar, Rajput, Chauhan, Patel, Kanwar, Kumar, Mishra, Kumar, Swarup, Mogali, Kumaresan, Manivannan, Gowda, Pandiyan, Rao, Shivani, Prusti, Mahadevu, Iyanar and Das.
Response and relapses in pediatric Hodgkin's Lymphoma treated with chemotherapy alone
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2019) Vineeta Gupta; Tej Singh; Sanjeev Gupta
Aims: The aims of this study were to analyze the sociodemographic profile, disease characteristics, event-free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS), and risk factors for relapse in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) treated with only chemotherapy as per unit protocol. Subject and Methods: Case records of children with HL diagnosed and treated at our center between January 2005 and December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: A total of 90 patients with mean age of 8.13 ± 2.65 years (median age 8 years; range 4.5-15 years) were diagnosed and treated for HL during the study period. Male-to-female ratio was 7.2:1. Almost 12.2% and 87.8% of patients had early and advanced stage disease, respectively. B symptoms were present in 87.8% of patients. Mean duration of symptoms was 9.66 ± 6.30 months (median 8 months; range 2-36 months). Mixed cellularity was the most common histologic type. Multiagent chemotherapy was mainstay of treatment. OS and EFS were 88.8% and 84.5%, respectively. OS in patients with or without bulky disease was 53.3% and 92.2%, respectively. Older age (≥10 years), presence of bulky disease, low hemoglobin (≤7.0 g/dl), and high leukocyte count (≥12000/mm3) at the time of diagnosis, and protocol used (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone) were the risk factors for relapse. Conclusions: Our patient population had younger age, advanced disease, more B symptoms, and bulky disease. Still, we achieved good OS and EFS with chemotherapy-alone protocols. Patients with bulky disease had poor OS and EFS. If radiotherapy is included in the protocol for bulky disease, the survival rates can be improved further. © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
Rust (Uromyces viciae-fabae Pers. de-Bary) of Pea (Pisum sativum L.): Present Status and Future Resistance Breeding Opportunities
(MDPI, 2023) Anil Kumar Singh; Chanda Kushwaha; Kumari Shikha; Ramesh Chand; Gyan P. Mishra; Harsh Kumar Dikshit; Jyoti Devi; Muraleedhar S. Aski; Shiv Kumar; Sanjeev Gupta; Ramakrishnan M. Nair
Uromyces viciae-fabae Pers. de-Bary is an important fungal pathogen causing rust in peas (Pisum sativum L.). It is reported in mild to severe forms from different parts of the world where the pea is grown. Host specificity has been indicated in this pathogen in the field but has not yet been established under controlled conditions. The uredinial states of U. viciae-fabae are infective under temperate and tropical conditions. Aeciospores are infective in the Indian subcontinent. The genetics of rust resistance was reported qualitatively. However, non-hypersensitive resistance responses and more recent studies emphasized the quantitative nature of pea rust resistance. Partial resistance/slow rusting had been described as a durable resistance in peas. Such resistance is of the pre-haustorial type and expressed as longer incubation and latent period, poor infection efficiency, a smaller number of aecial cups/pustules, and lower units of AUDPC (Area Under Disease Progress Curve). Screening techniques dealing with slow rusting should consider growth stages and environment, as both have a significant influence on the disease scores. Our knowledge about the genetics of rust resistance is increasing, and now molecular markers linked with gene/QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci) of rust resistance have been identified in peas. The mapping efforts conducted in peas came out with some potent markers associated with rust resistance, but they must be validated under multi-location trails before use in the marker-assisted selection of rust resistance in pea breeding programs. © 2023 by the authors.
Strongly heterogeneous patterns of groundwater depletion in Northwestern India
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Suneel Kumar Joshi; Sanjeev Gupta; Rajiv Sinha; Alexander Logan Densmore; Shive Prakash Rai; Shashank Shekhar; Philippa J. Mason; W.M. van Dijk
Northwestern India has been identified as a significant hotspot of groundwater depletion, with major implications for groundwater sustainability caused by excessive abstraction. We know relatively little about the detailed spatial and temporal changes in groundwater storage in this region, nor do we understand the interplay of factors controlling these changes. Groundwater managers and policymakers in India require such information to monitor groundwater development and make strategic decisions for the sustainable management of groundwater. Here, we characterise high-resolution spatio-temporal variability in groundwater levels and storage change across northwestern India through analysis of in situ measurements of historical groundwater level data. We note a slow gain in groundwater storage of + 0.58 ± 0.35 km3 for the pre-monsoon and + 0.40 ± 0.35 km3 for the post-monsoon period between 1974 and 2001. However, from 2002 to 2010, groundwater storage was rapidly depleted by −32.30 ± 0.34 km3 in the pre-monsoon and −24.42 ± 0.34 km3 in the post-monsoon period. Importantly, we observe marked spatial heterogeneity in groundwater levels and storage change and distinct hotspots of groundwater depletion with lateral length scales of tens of kilometers. Spatial variability in groundwater abstraction partially explains the depletion pattern, but we also find that the sedimentological heterogeneity of the aquifer system correlates broadly with long-term patterns of groundwater-level change. This correlation, along with the spatial agreement between groundwater level change and water quality, provides a framework for anticipating future depletion patterns and guiding groundwater monitoring and domain-specific management strategies. © 2021 The Author(s)