Browsing by Author "Sanjeev Kumar"

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21-Day Lockdown in India Dramatically Reduced Air Pollution Indices in Lucknow and New Delhi, India
(Springer, 2020) Sudhakar Srivastava; Amit Kumar; Kuldeep Bauddh; Alok Sagar Gautam; Sanjeev Kumar
In December 2019, the outbreak of viral disease labeled as Novel Coronavirus started in Wuhan, China, which later came to be known as Covid-19. The disease has spread in almost every part of the world and has been declared a global pandemic in March 2020 by World Health Organization (WHO). The corona virus outbreak has emerged as one of the deadliest pandemics of all time in human history. The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 has forced several countries of the world to observe complete lockdown forcing people to live in their homes. India also faced the phase of total lockdown for 21 days (in first phase) to avoid the spread of coronavirus to the maximum possible extent. This lockdown impacted the pollution levels of environment and improved air and water quality in the short span owing to very less human activities. The present work scientifically analyzed the available data for primary air pollutants (PM2.5, NO2, SO2 and CO) from two major Indian cities, Lucknow and New Delhi. The analysis was based on air quality data for before lockdown and after lockdown (first phase of 21 days) periods of 21 days each. The results showed significant decline in the studied air pollution indices and demonstrated improvement of air quality in both the cities. The major impact was seen in the levels of PM2.5, NO2 and CO. The levels of SO2 showed less significant decline during the lockdown period. The results are presented with future perspectives to mitigate air pollution in near future by adopting the short and periodical lockdown as a tool. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
[8-(diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate, HCl], the inhibitor of intracellular calcium mobilization, blocked mitogen-induced T cell proliferation by interfering with the sustained phase of protein kinase C activation
(2000) Sanjeev Kumar; Rabindranath Chakrabarti
The physiological role of IP3-dependent Ca2+ release in T cell activation was in question due to the contradictory findings that [8- (Diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate, HCl] (TMB-8), an inhibitor of intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, blocked T cell proliferation, curtailing specifically the level of released Ca2+ did not affect T cell activation and T cell line lacking IP3 receptor was defective in IL-2 production in response to TCR/CD3 ligand. In the present study we found that TMB-8 inhibited Concanavalin A (con A), but not PMA/ionomycin-induced T cell proliferation in a reversible and dose-dependent manner. The kinetic study revealed that TMB-8 exerted the inhibitory effect at a very early step of T cell activation. The ca2+ ionophore ionomycin augmented instead of overcoming the inhibitory effect of TMB-8, although the same doses of ionomycin alone had no effect on Con A-induced T cell proliferation. PMA the metabolically stable, but not diacylglycerol (DAG) the metabolically labile, activator of protein Kinase C (PKC) completely overcome the antiproliferative effect of TMB-8. A specific DAG lipase inhibitor RHC80267 also overcome the effect of TMB-8. Taken together, these results showed that the process of Ca2+ release through IP3 receptor, not the released Ca2+, is essential for the sustained phase of PKC activation during T cell proliferation. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A 2x1 oral care strategy (2% chlorhexidine + 1% sodium bicarbonate) significantly lowers VAP rates in mechanically ventilated CKD patients
(Faculty of Anaesthesia, Pain and Intensive Care, AFMS, 2025) Subash Sankaralingam; Arvind Bhalekar; Atul Kumar Singh; Sandeep Loha; Sanjeev Kumar; Aditya Prakash Nayak
Background & objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in the ICU have elevated ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) risk. Chlorhexidine (CHX) oral care is standard, but efficacy may be enhanced by adding sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) to alkalinize the oral environment and inhibit pathogenic colonization. We conducted this study to determine whether combining 2% CHX with 1% NaHCO₃ reduces VAP incidence versus CHX alone in mechanically ventilated CKD patients. Methodology: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 100 CKD patients (18–65 yrs) ventilated > 48 h were randomized to 2% CHX + 1% NaHCO₃ (n = 50) or 2% CHX + saline placebo (n = 50) twice daily for 5 days. Primary outcome: VAP incidence (CPIS ≥ 6 + clinical/radiological criteria). Secondary: oral pH, oropharyngeal colonization, microbiology, ventilation/ICU/hospital stay, mortality. Data analyzed with appropriate parametric/non-parametric tests; P < 0.05 significant. Results: Baseline characteristics were comparable. VAP incidence was halved with combination care (16.0% vs 32.0%; P = 0.048), with delayed onset (median 4.5 vs 3.0 days, P = 0.032) and higher Day-5 VAP-free survival (84% vs 68%). Oral pH rose significantly from Day 3 in the intervention arm (Day 5: 7.54 vs 7.29; P = 0.001). Heavy oral colonization was lower, but non-significant. MDRO rates (37.5% vs 56.3%) and carbapenem resistance were reduced. Ventilation duration (6.2 ± 2.1 vs 7.8 ± 2.5 days, P = 0.004) and ICU stay (8.9 ± 3.0 vs 10.5 ± 3.4 days, P = 0.011) were shorter. However, the mortality differences were non-significant. Conclusions: In high-risk CKD ICU patients, adding 1% NaHCO₃ to standard 2% CHX oral care halved VAP incidence, delayed onset, improved oral pH, reduced resistance rates, and shortened ventilation/ICU stays. This simple, low-cost measure warrants incorporation into VAP prevention bundles. © 2025, Faculty of Anaesthesia, Pain and Intensive Care, AFMS. All rights reserved.
A multidimensional lens of environmental consciousness: towards an environmentally conscious theory of planned behavior
(Emerald Publishing, 2024) Vishal Kumar Laheri; Weng Marc Lim; Purushottam Kumar Arya; Sanjeev Kumar
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the purchase behavior of consumers towards green products by adapting and extending the theory of planned behavior with the inclusion of three pertinent environmental factors posited to reflect environmental consciousness in the form of environmental concern, environmental knowledge and environmental values. Design/methodology/approach: The data was collected from 410 consumers at shopping malls with retail stores selling green and non-green products in a developing country using cluster sampling and analyzed using covariance-based structural equation modeling. Findings: The findings of this study indicate that environmental factors reflecting environmental consciousness positively influence consumers’ attitude towards purchasing green products, wherein consumers’ environmental values have a stronger influence than their environmental concern and environmental knowledge. The findings also reveal that subjective norm, attitude and perceived behavioral control toward purchasing green products positively shape green purchase intention. The same positive effect is also witnessed between green purchase intention and behavior. However, perceived behavioral control towards purchasing green products had no significant influence on green purchase behavior. Practical implications: This study suggests that green marketers should promote environmental consciousness among consumers to influence and shape their planned behavior towards green purchases. This could be done by prioritizing efforts and investments in inculcating environmental values, followed by enhancing environmental knowledge and finally inducing environmental concern among consumers. Green marketers can also leverage subjective norm and perceptions of behavioral control toward purchasing green products to reinforce green purchase intention, which, in turn, strengthens green purchase behavior. This green marketing strategy should also be useful to address the intention–behavior gap as seen through the null effect of perceived behavioral control on purchase behavior toward green products when this strategy is present. Originality/value: This study contributes to theoretical generalizability by reaffirming the continued relevance of the theory of planned behavior in settings concerning the environment (e.g. green purchases), and theoretical extension by augmenting environmental concern, environmental knowledge and environmental values with the theory of planned behavior, resulting in an environmentally conscious theory of planned behavior. The latter is significant and noteworthy, as this study broadens the conceptualization and operationalization of environmental consciousness from a unidimensional to a multidimensional construct. © 2024, Vishal Kumar Laheri, Weng Marc Lim, Purushottam Kumar Arya and Sanjeev Kumar.
A randomised prospective comparative study between ropivacaine and nalbuphine used in erector spinae block as a mode of postoperative analgesia in cervical instrumentation surgery
(IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2025) Prachi Pal; Ajeet Kumar; Sanjeev Kumar; Ravi Anand; Atul Aman
Background: Spine surgeries are notorious for postoperative pain and delayed early rehabilitation. Various modalities are used to achieve analgesia in post-spinal surgery. Recently, the Erector Spinae Plane (ESP) block has improved the outcome of analgesia in various abdominal and thoracic surgeries. Aim and Objectives: To compare the effects of Ropivacaine versus Nalbuphine in ESP block. Also, various postoperative outcomes. Materials and Methods: This prospective randomised study involved 40 patients posted for elective cervical spine instrumentation surgery and classified as American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade I or II. Patients were divided into two groups. Group R received 20 ml of 0.2% Ropivacaine, and Group N was administered 20 mg of Nalbuphine diluted in 20 ml of normal saline on both sides. Following the induction of anaesthesia, patients were positioned prone, and ESP block was performed at the C7-T1 level under sterile conditions. Statistical Analysis: Data collection and formulation were analysed using ANOVA, Student’s t-test, and Paired t-test. The statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS version 21 for Windows. P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: Group R receiving Ropivacaine for ESP block showed a significant postoperative pain reduction for the first 8 hours (P = 0.02), and the total analgesic consumption was lower in Group R compared to Group N (90 ± 160.15 versus 90 ± 160.15). The mean time for the first rescue analgesics was 189.72 vs 120.24 minutes in Group R & N, respectively (P = 0.03). The total number of patients requesting rescue analgesics was lower in Group R: 4 (40%) vs 11 (55%). Side effects were similar between the two groups and not significant. Conclusion: ESP block is a safe and effective postoperative pain relief method in spine surgeries. Ropivacaine provided effective pain relief with prolonged time to rescue analgesia. At the same time, Nalbuphine has shown effective analgesia with an acceptable safety profile as a sole agent in ESP blocks. However, mild sedation was observed and should be factored into clinical decision-making. © 2025 The Author(s), Published by Innovative Publications.
Activated Protein C Resistance in Deep Venous Thrombosis
(2009) Nikhil Agrawal; Sanjeev Kumar; Puneet; R. Khanna; Jyoti Shukla; A.K. Khanna
Several risk factors for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) have been identified, and inherited thrombophilias constitute a significant proportion of them. The most common inherited thrombophilia is activated protein C (APC) resistance, and factor V Leiden is the most common cause of APC resistance. The high prevalence of APC resistance in Caucasians is established, and the prevalence among persons of Asian and African descent has been shown to be low in previous studies. Twenty-three patients with lower limb DVT were included in the study. Diagnosis was confirmed by duplex ultrasonography. Patients were tested for APC resistance with use of the STA Staclot APC-R system (Diagnostica Stago, Asnieres, France), as per the manufacturer's guidelines. Ten patients (43.5%) tested positive for APC resistance, while 13 (56.5%) tested negative. APC resistance, although considered a rarity, has been found to have a high prevalence in patients with DVT from the northeastern region of India. APC resistance estimation should be done for all patients with DVT. © 2009 Annals of Vascular Surgery Inc.
Aerosol optical properties and radiative effects over Manora Peak in the Himalayan foothills: Seasonal variability and role of transported aerosols
(Elsevier, 2015) A.K. Srivastava; K. Ram; Sachchidanand Singh; Sanjeev Kumar; S. Tiwari
The higher altitude regions of Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau are influenced by the dust and black carbon (BC) aerosols from the emissions and long-range transport from the adjoining areas. In this study, we present impacts of advection of polluted air masses of natural and anthropogenic emissions, on aerosol optical and radiative properties at Manora Peak (~2000m amsl) in central Himalaya over a period of more than two years (February 2006-May 2008). We used the most updated and comprehensive data of chemical and optical properties available in one of the most climatically sensitive region, the Himalaya, to estimate atmospheric radiative forcing and heating rate. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) was found to vary from 0.04 to 0.45 with significantly higher values in summer mainly due to an increase in mineral dust and biomass burning aerosols due to transport. In contrast, single scattering albedo (SSA) varied from 0.74 to 0.88 with relatively lower values during summer, suggesting an increase in absorbing BC and mineral dust aerosols. As a result, a large positive atmospheric radiative forcing (about 28±5 Wm-2) and high values of corresponding heating rate (0.80±0.14 Kday-1) has been found during summer. During the entire observation period, radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere varied from -2 to +14 Wm-2 and from -3 to -50 Wm-2 at the surface whereas atmospheric forcing was in the range of 3 to 65 Wm-2 resulting in a heating rate of 0.1-1.8 Kday-1. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
Aggressive angiomyxoma presenting with huge abdominal lump: A case report
(BioMed Central Ltd., 2008) Sanjeev Kumar; Nikhil Agrawal; Rahul Khanna; A.K. Khanna
Agressive angiomyxoma is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm. It mainly presents in females. We here present a case of angiomyxoma presenting as huge abdominal lump along with gluteal swelling. Case note is described along with brief review of literature. © 2008 Al Kaissi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Amphotericin B both inhibits and enhances T-cell proliferation: Inhibitory effect is mediated through H2O2 production via cyclooxygenase pathway by macrophages
(2000) Sanjeev Kumar; Rabindranath Chakrabarti
Amphotericin B (AmB) has been shown to have both immunosuppressive and - enhancing effects, making its precise nature of action enigmatic. In the present study, we found that AmB inhibited concanavalin A (Con A)-induced T cell proliferation if added within first 30 min of stimulation, after which inhibition began to diminish rapidly. However, AmB did not inhibit T-cell proliferation induced by a combination of PMA and ionomycin. AmB inhibition of Con A-induced proliferation was completely overcome by cyclooxygenase inhibitor ibuprofen ([α-methyl-4-(isobutyl)phenylacetic acid]) and H2O2 scavenger catalase. In fact, in the presence of ibuprofen and catalase, AmB enhanced, instead of suppressing, Con A-induced proliferation in a dose- dependent way. The effect of catalase was limited to the removal of extracellular H2O2 only, as the enzyme did not enter the cells. AmB stimulated H2O2 production by macrophages, but not by a lymphocyte population, which was inhibited by ibuprofen. Our T-cell preparation contained about 3% macrophages, and AmB inhibition of proliferation was further pronounced by increasing the macrophage number by as little as 1%. Finally, AmB inhibition of Con A-induced T-cell proliferation was completely overcome by 2-mercaptoethanol. On the basis of these results, we suggest that AmB stimulates H2O2 production by macrophages through the activation of the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonate metabolism. H2O2 then inhibits Con A-induced T-cell proliferation by interfering with an early step of the T- cell receptor signaling pathway through the oxidative modification of some signaling proteins. Our results also show that AmB enhances T-cell proliferation, which can be seen only after blocking its inhibitory effect. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Bioformulation of mineral solubilizing microbes as novel microbial consortium for the growth promotion of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under the controlled and natural conditions
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Rubee Devi; Tanvir Kaur; Rajeshwari Negi; Divjot Kour; Sanjeev Kumar; Ashok Yadav; Sangram Singh; Kundan Kumar Chaubey; Ashutosh Kumar Rai; Sheikh Shreaz; Ajar Nath Yadav
Microbes are a worthwhile organism of the earth that could be formulated as consortium which can be utilized as biofertilizers. Consortium-based bioinoculants or biofertilizers are superior to single strain-based inoculants for sustainable agricultural productivity and increased micronutrient content in yield. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of different combinations of beneficial bacteria that are more effective than single-based bioinoculants. The current work focuses on the isolation of rhizospheric microorganisms from various cereals and pseudocereal crops and the development of a single inoculum as well as a bacterial consortium which were evaluated on wheat crop. A total 214 rhizospheric bacteria were sorted out and, screened for mineral solubilizing attributes i.e., phosphorus, potassium, zinc and selenium solubilization. Among all the bacterial isolates, four potential strains exhibiting P, K, Zn and Se-solubilizing attributes were identified with the help of 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Rahnella aquatilis EU-A3Rb1, Erwinia aphidicola EU-A2RNL1, Brevibacillus brevis EU-C3SK2, and Bacillus mycoides EU-WRSe4, respectively. The identified strains formulated as a consortium which were found to improve the plant growth and physiological parameters in comparison to single culture inoculants and control. To the best of our knowledge, the present investigation is the first report that has developed the consortium from bacterial strains Rahnella aquatilis EU-A3Rb1, Erwinia aphidicola EU-A2RNL1, Brevibacillus brevis EU-C3SK2, and Bacillus mycoides EU-WRSe4. A combination of bacterial strains could be used as liquid inoculants for cereal crops growing in mountainous regions. © 2024
Building Palliative Care Capacity in North India: A Multicenter Approach
(Elsevier Inc., 2025) Komal Kashyap; Brajesh Kumar Ratre; Vishwajeet Singh; Suraj Pal Singh; Varun Shekhar; Surabhi Shekhar; Priya Ramakrishnan; Abhishek Kandwal; Sweety Gupta; Kunal Jain; Rohit Lahori; Vanita Ahuja; Sukanya Mitra; Arshi Taj; Manoj Kamal; Nimisha Verma; Lalit Kumar Raiger; Seema Partani; Naveen Patidar; Anuja Pandit; Saurabh Vig; H. K.R. Sagiraju; Raghav Gupta; Prashant Sirohiya; Sanjeev Kumar; Neetu S. Mahajan; Sushma Bhatnagar
Context: In low-resource settings like Northern India, palliative care providers often lack adequate training, institutional support, and interdisciplinary collaboration that are indispensable for effective implementation. Objectives: This article highlights strategies to build palliative care capacity through education, interdisciplinary collaboration, and system-level interventions in Northern India. The article describes a palliative care capacity-building project executed from 2023 through 2025. It presents scalable approaches to overcome barriers to palliative care, enhance palliative care competencies, and expand palliative care infrastructure. Material and Method: The project proceeded in three phases and began with the selection and development of nine centers of excellence (Phase I), followed by associating each center with ten district hospitals to embed palliative care within the region (Phase II). Phase III focused on palliative care training for providers in 90 district hospitals. The project assessed capacity and quality improvements at the centers and evaluated providers' palliative care knowledge post-training in the district hospitals. Results: The centers of excellence reported substantial capacity and continued improvements in palliative care delivery throughout the project. Physicians and nurses affiliated with the district hospital showed significant and lasting knowledge gains after palliative care training. Conclusion: These results demonstrate significant progress in palliative care capacity with the region, but they, also, underscore the need for ongoing efforts in training, research, and systematic record-keeping. The project’s success in its three phased approach illustrates the potential for education, collaboration, and system-level support to strengthen palliative care capacity. © 2025 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Calmodulin and calmodulin-like Ca2+ binding proteins as molecular players of abiotic stress response in plants
(Elsevier, 2021) Meenakshi Raina; Arun Vincent Kisku; Shikha Joon; Sanjeev Kumar; Deepak Kumar
Plants exhibit diverse mechanisms to combat an array of environmental stress factors. These comprise intricate but well-regulated signaling pathways. Cytosolic free calcium (Ca+2) is an important secondary messenger of abiotic stress in plants. In general, it senses the stress stimuli and activates downstream protein targets. Calmodulin (CaMs) and calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) are the key players in the Ca+2-mediated abiotic stress signaling cascade in the plants. They sense the altered Ca+2 concentrations in the cell cytosol and are actively involved in signal perception and transmission. These, in turn, interact with a spectrum of effector regulatory proteins forming a relay network of a signal transduction pathway. Consequently, the expression of stress-related genes is either upregulated or downregulated depending on the stressor and the plant organelles affected. Examples include cold and heat stress genes and those involved in reactive oxygen species homeostasis pathway. Finally, an appropriate response is generated ensuring reestablishment of cellular homeostasis in different plant organelles. This chapter discusses the indispensability of Ca+2 and Ca+2-binding proteins, that is, CaMs and CMLs, in abiotic stress signaling in plants and the pathways involved. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Cinema as a Discourse on Critical Geopolitics: The Imagery of India–Pakistan Borders in the Narratives of Bollywood Movies
(Routledge, 2023) Sanjeev Kumar; Vaishali Raghuvanshi
This paper attempts to map the modes by which cinematic narratives of select Hindi movies produced by Bollywood can be employed as a discourse on critical geopolitics. The focus is to understand how the representations of the India–Pakistan border in a select set of Hindi films tend to portray the psychology of cartographic fundamentalism. Situating the imagery of divided cartographies of the Indian Subcontinent in Hindi cinema, the paper looks at the ways in which the filmic narratives attempt to construct the psychology of border cleavages between India and Pakistan in the demotic consciousness of the viewers. Cinematic representations play a definitive role in constructing popular imagination regarding the issues of identity, refugee crisis and notions of cultural and psychic frontiers. The effects on collective imagination can be visualized by engaging with the narratives and powerful images that cinema is capable of presenting to the viewers. This in turn helps construct and deconstruct the popular notions by altering the dialectics of cognitive mapping. Placing our analysis in this conceptual framework, the paper examines how the psychology of divided cartographies gets inextricably linked to the nationalist construction of the image of India as the righteous self, and the portrait of Pakistan as the vicious other and country's primary enemy. The movies that have been analyzed in the paper are Border (1997), LoC (2003), Bajarangi Bhaijan (2015) and Filmistaan (2012). These movies have portrayed border as conflict-ridden non-porous zones. The paper employs discourse analysis as its methodology and discusses the cinematic reconstruction of the idea of the divided cartographies of the subcontinent on the foundations of the epistemic framework of critical geopolitics. © 2022 Association for Borderlands Studies.
Combined prioritization and dereplication-based rapid identification of new 8-alkylated coumarins: podurins A and B from the leaves of Murraya paniculata and cytotoxic evaluation
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025) Sanju Kumari; Vaishali Saini; Sanheeta Chakrabarty; S. Veeresh J. Kumar; Hem Chandra Jha; Agastinose Ronickom Jac Fredo; Sanjeev Kumar; Shreyans Kumar Jain
Profiling extracts using LC-HRMS is now a standard and powerful method to search for new metabolites for drug discovery. LC-HRMS generates a long list of mass (m/z) values, and identifying the known metabolites by matching the mass values with a database is a common strategy of conventional dereplication. The current manuscript describes the peak prioritization strategy to target new metabolites from a vast mass list. The peak prioritization strategy resulted in the identification of two previously undescribed coumarins along with the known metabolites. The identified new metabolites were taken on priority for isolation and characterization. New metabolites were characterized as 8-alkylated coumarin, podurin A (1), and podurin B (2), along with known coumarins, mexoticin (3), vanillin (4), and acacetin (5). NMR and single-crystal X-ray crystallography established the structure of the metabolites. The isolated compounds were assessed for their cytotoxic potential against human adenocarcinoma cell lines. The IC50 of compounds 1-3 is 103.9 μM, 159.7 μM, and 170.3 μM, respectively. © 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Comprehensive environmental impact assessment for designing carbon-cum-energy efficient, cleaner and eco-friendly production system for rice-fallow agro-ecosystems of South Asia
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Rakesh Kumar; Janki Sharan Mishra; Santosh Sambhaji Mali; Surajit Mondal; Ram Swaroop Meena; Rattan Lal; Bal Krishna Jha; Sushanta Kumar Naik; Ashis Kumar Biswas; Hansraj Hans; Prem Kumar Sundaram; Arbind Kumar Choudhary; Mohammad Monobrullah; Sanjeev Kumar; Santosh Kumar; Rohan Kumar Raman; Bhagwati Prasad Bhatt; Ujjwal Kumar
High energy consumption and carbon emission are the major components of environmental pollution. Reducing carbon-footprints and improving energy use efficiency in rice (Oryza sativa L.) - fallow production systems of South Asia is a great challenge. The present experiment was conducted for five consecutive years (2016–2020) with an aim to design the most carbon-cum-energy efficient, cleaner/safer and eco-friendly production systems for rice-fallows in eastern India. This split-plot experiment had crop establishment-cum-residue management (CERM) treatments in main-plots and post-rainy/winter season crops in sub-plots. The production systems selected for analysis included three crop establishment methods [(1) zero-till-direct-seeded rice (ZTDSR), (2) conventional-till direct-seeded rice (CTDSR), and (3) transplanted puddled rice (TPR)], and two residue management practices [(i) with residue, and (ii) without residue] in combination with five potential winter season crops i.e., chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), lentil (Lens culinaris L.), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), and mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Results revealed an increase in overall system productivity from 3.5 to 5.13 Mg ha−1 due to the diversification of rice-fallow systems with oilseed and pulse crops. Irrespective of residue management practices, ZTDSR increased the yield by 15 and 31% in chickpea, 15 and 34% in lentil, 33 and 50% in safflower, 9 and 19% in linseed, and 7 and 15% in mustard as compared to CTDSR and PTR, respectively. Moreover, adoption of ZTDSR reduced energy uses by 23.3%, while increased energy ratio and net returns by 14.3 and 10.9%, respectively, over TPR. Pulse based crop rotations (rice-lentil and rice-chickpea) under ZTDSR with surface crop residue yielded 21.5% higher system net returns as compared to rice-oilseed production systems. ZTDSR treatment also reduced carbon-footprint (C-footprint) by 2.8% compared to TPR-based production systems. Similarly, rice-oilseed systems had a 16.1% lower C-footprint in comparison to rice-pulse sequences. Hence, rice-chickpea, rice-lentil and rice-safflower production systems in combined with ZTDSR along with residue retention can be viable production systems with higher system productivity, better economic returns, higher energy ratio and lower C-footprint. These systems will ensure an efficient utilization of natural resources leading to long-term sustainability of the rice-fallow production systems of South Asia. © 2021
Diacylglycerol mediates the T-cell receptor-driven Ca2+ influx in T cells by a novel mechanism independent of protein kinase C activation
(2000) Rabindranath Chakrabarti; Sanjeev Kumar
The mechanism of Ca2+ influx in nonexcitable cells is not known yet. According to the capacitative hypothesis, Ca2+ influx is triggered by IP3- mediated Ca2+ release from the intracellular Ca2+ stores. Conversely, many workers have reported a lack of association between release and influx. In this work, the role of diacylglycerol (DAG) as the mediator of T-cell receptor (TCR)-driven Ca2+ influx in T cells was investigated. Stimulation of mouse splenic T cells with naturally occurring DAG caused Ca2+ entry in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Such stimulation was blocked by Ni2+, a divalent cation known to block Ca2+ channels. Inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) by calphostin C did not inhibit, but slightly enhanced, the DAG- stimulated Ca2+ entry. However, inhibition of DAG metabolism by DAG kinase and lipase inhibitors enhanced the DAG-stimulated Ca2+ entry. DAG lipase and kinase inhibitors also enhanced the Ca2+ entry in T cells stimulated through TCR/CD3 complex with anti-CD3 antibody. Calphostin C did not affect the anti-CD3-stimulated Ca2+ entry. These results showed that TCR-driven Ca2+ influx in T cells is mediated by DAG through a novel mechanism(s) independent of PKC activation. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Does green entrepreneurship have an association with sustainable development and its components?
(IGI Global, 2022) Ajay K. Singh; Sanjeev Kumar; Aditya Kumar Sharma; Shivani Sinha
This study developed a global sustainable development index (GSDI), economic development index (EDI), social development index (SDI), environmental sustainability index (ESI), science and technological development index (STDI), entrepreneurship ecosystem index (EEI), and green entrepreneurship ecosystem index (GEI) for 34 countries during 2000-2019. Composite Z-score method was used to develop EDI, SDI, ESI, STDI, EEI, and GEI. It also observed the interaction among the estimated indexes using linear regression models. © 2022, IGI Global. All rights reserved.
Editorial: Investigating the impact of bioactive metabolites and extracts in human health and disease
(Frontiers Media SA, 2023) Sanjeev Kumar; Vibhav Gautam; Bhim Pratap Singh; Deepak Kumar
[No abstract available]
Effect of indigenous mineral availing microbial consortia and cattle manure combination for growth of maize (Zea mays L.)
(Springer, 2024) Rubee Devi; Marwa Fadhil Alsaffar; Duraid K.A. AL-Taey; Sanjeev Kumar; Rajeshwari Negi; Babita Sharma; Sangram Singh; Ashutosh Kumar Rai; Sarvesh Rustagi; Ashok Yadav; Tanvir Kaur; Divjot Kour; Ajar Nath Yadav; Amrik Singh Ahluwalia
Plant growth promoting bacterial strains were used as bioinoculants on cereal crops to improve plant growth and plant productivity. Crop responses to inoculation are complex because bacteria are not compatible with each other. Therefore, it is necessary to increase our understanding of the microbial ecology of crop rhizosphere under various agricultural techniques. In tropical agriculture, cattle manure is used as an organic fertilizer to increase soil fertility, however use of microbes as consortium have found as sustainable method for the enhancement of crops productivity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three potential plant growth-promoting rhizospheric and endophytic bacterial strains EU-C3ST.R1, IARI-JR-44, and IARI-S-45 and organic fertilizers (cattle manure) individually and as consortia on maize (Zea mays L.) under both in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. A total of 123 bacterial strains were sorted out and screened for nitrogen fixation, phosphorus, and potassium solubilization. The potential N2-fixing; P and K solubilizing bacterial strains were identified using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing as Pseudomonas sp. EU-C3ST.R1, Micrococcus indicus IARI-JR-44, and Bacillus horikoshii IARI-S-45 respectively. The inoculation of these three strains on maize as microbial consortium and individual inoculum significantly increased the growth characteristic including height and biomass of the plants, as well as physiological characteristics i.e., chlorophyll, carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, and total soluble sugar content of the plant with respect to chemical fertilizers, cattle manure, and untreated control plant. The consortia were found to be more effective with respect to individual inoculants, cattle manure, and uninoculated control plants, so it can be utilized as biofertilizers for inoculation of cereal crops growing in hilly regions. © The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Society for Plant Research 2024.
Effect of indigenous mineral availing microbial consortia and cattle manure combination for growth of maize (Zea mays L.)
(Springer, 2025) Rubee Devi; Marwa Fadhil Fadhil Alsaffar; Duraid K.A. Altaey; Sanjeev Kumar; Rajeshwari Negi; Babita Sharma; Sangram N. Singh; Ashutosh Kumar Rai; Sarvesh Rustagi; Ashok Yadav; Tanvir Kaur; Divjot KOUR; Ajar Nath Yadav; Amrik Singh Ahluwalia
Plant growth promoting bacterial strains were used as bioinoculants on cereal crops to improve plant growth and plant productivity. Crop responses to inoculation are complex because bacteria are not compatible with each other. Therefore, it is necessary to increase our understanding of the microbial ecology of crop rhizosphere under various agricultural techniques. In tropical agriculture, cattle manure is used as an organic fertilizer to increase soil fertility, however use of microbes as consortium have found as sustainable method for the enhancement of crops productivity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three potential plant growth-promoting rhizospheric and endophytic bacterial strains EU-C3ST.R1, IARI-JR-44, and IARI-S-45 and organic fertilizers (cattle manure) individually and as consortia on maize (Zea mays L.) under both in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. A total of 123 bacterial strains were sorted out and screened for nitrogen fixation, phosphorus, and potassium solubilization. The potential N2-fixing; P and K solubilizing bacterial strains were identified using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing as Pseudomonas sp. EU-C3ST.R1, Micrococcus indicus IARI-JR-44, and Bacillus horikoshii IARI-S-45 respectively. The inoculation of these three strains on maize as microbial consortium and individual inoculum significantly increased the growth characteristic including height and biomass of the plants, as well as physiological characteristics i.e., chlorophyll, carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, and total soluble sugar content of the plant with respect to chemical fertilizers, cattle manure, and untreated control plant. The consortia were found to be more effective with respect to individual inoculants, cattle manure, and uninoculated control plants, so it can be utilized as biofertilizers for inoculation of cereal crops growing in hilly regions. © The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Society for Plant Research 2024.