Browsing by Author "Sanjeev Kumar Yadav"

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All edible materials derived biocompatible and biodegradable triboelectric nanogenerator
(Elsevier Ltd, 2019) Gaurav Khandelwal; Tarun Minocha; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Arunkumar Chandrasekhar; Nirmal Prashanth Maria Joseph Raj; Subash Chandra Gupta; Sang-Jae Kim
The energy crisis and plastic pollution are of growing concern worldwide. Nanogenerators converting mechanical energy to electrical energy would be of assistance. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are inexpensive, simple to fabricate, and afford high output, as revealed by extensive research over the past decade. However, most TENGs use a polymer as either the substrate or the active layer, contributing to plastic pollution. Biodegradable/edible devices are required; they are harmless when discarded. We here derive a single-electrode lightweight TENG (E-TENG) using only edible materials. Laver coated with an edible silver leaf serves as the active layer and a rice sheet as the substrate. We analyzed surface potential, morphology, and roughness; laver was triboelectrically active. The results of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, cell imaging, and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining suggest that the device minimally affected cell viability. The device was bioresorbable in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and gastric acid. Output performance was tested using paper, tissue paper, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP). The electrical performance was systematically studied; an FEP-laver E-TENG performed best (output of 23 V and current of 315 nA). The output was used to power a hygrometer, a wristwatch, green light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and ultraviolet (UV) LEDs. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
Analyzing gene expression through real time PCR while neo-tissue regeneration using developed tissue constructs
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2020) Divakar Singh; Tarun Minocha; Satyavrat Tripathi; Rupika Sinha; Shubhankar Anand; Hareram Birla; Vivek Kumar Pandey; Arun Rawat; Smita Gupta; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Pawan Kumar Dubey; Pradeep Srivastava
Real-time PCR offers a wide area of application to analyze the role of gene activity in various biological aspects at the molecular level with higher specificity, sensitivity and the potential to troubleshoot with post-PCR processing and difficulties. With the recent advancement in the development of functional tissue graft for the regeneration of damaged/diseased tissue, it is effective to analyze the cell behaviour and differentiation over tissue construct toward specific lineage through analyzing the expression of an array of specific genes. With the ability to collect data in the exponential phase, the application of Real-Time PCR has been expanded into various fields such as tissue engineering ranging from absolute quantification of gene expression to determine neo-tissue regeneration and its maturation. In addition to its usage as a research tool, numerous advancements in molecular diagnostics have been achieved, including microbial quantification, determination of gene dose and cancer research. Also, in order to consistently quantify mRNA levels, Northern blotting and in situ hybridization (ISH) methods are less preferred due to low sensitivity, poor precision in detecting gene expression at a low level. An amplification step is thus frequently required to quantify mRNA amounts from engineered tissues of limited size. When analyzing tissue-engineered constructs or studying biomaterials-cells interactions, it is pertinent to quantify the performance of such constructs in terms of extracellular matrix formation while in vitro and in vivo examination, provide clues regarding the performance of various tissue constructs at the molecular level. In this chapter, our focus is on Basics of qPCR, an overview of technical aspects of Real-time PCR; recent Protocol used in the lab, primer designing, detection methods and troubleshooting of the experimental problems. © 2020, Bentham eBooks imprint. All rights reserved.
Asparagus racemosus root-derived carbon nanodots as a nano-probe for biomedical applications
(Springer, 2022) Gaurav Gopal Naik; Tarun Minocha; Abhineet Verma; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Satyen Saha; Ashish Kumar Agrawal; Sanjay Singh; Alakh N. Sahu
Nowadays, green nanotechnology has emerged as a crucial and eco-friendly approach to combat the problems affecting human health or the environment. It deals with the extensive utilization of plants owing to their cocktail of natural and chemical substances to eliminate adverse pollutants involved in the synthesis of nanomaterials. Herein, we report a facile one-step hydrothermal carbonization approach synthesizing fluorescent bluish-green carbon nanodots (CNDs) using Asparagus racemosus roots termed ARCD. The fluorescence quantum yield of ARCD was further improved by surface passivating it with a 1:1 ratio of Carrageenan (CAR) and Polyethylenimine (PEI), termed ARCCD. First, we demonstrate the application of ARCD and ARCCD as a nano-probe for sensing As3+ and Ag+. Second, we show an inhibitory effect on cancer cell proliferation against breast (MDA-MB-231) and cervical (SiHa) cancer. Also, no significant cytotoxicity was observed in the normal kidney (HEK 293) cells, indicating cytotoxic specificity of the developed CNDs. Third, we demonstrate antibacterial activity against clinically isolated multi-drug-resistant strains and free radicals scavenging potential. Next, we present the in vivo toxicity evaluation of these CNDs in Swiss albino mice, which exhibited minimal toxicity as confirmed by biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters. This study deals with an innovative approach to constructing a multifunctional nano-probe for potential biomedical and environmental applications. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Bacopa monnieri and neural health: An Indian herb
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2023) Prachi Pattnaik; Chetan Panda; Tarun Minocha; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Namrata Dwivedi; Sandeep Kumar Singh
The disorders of the central nervous system are increasingly recognized as one of the most prevalent disorders in the present world. It has been envisaged that neurological disorders will be of great concern in the present and future populations worldwide. The different neurological disorders may be associated with signs, such as loss of memory, impaired brain function, cognitive deficits, etc. The occurrence of such degenerative diseases of the nervous system certainly imposes medical and public health burdens on populations worldwide. The multifactorial nature of such neural disorders entails the use of modern medicine in combination with conventional medicines for treatment. There has been undeniably a revolution in the foundation of existing medical facilities, which have been strengthened by the amalgamation of phytomedicine. In recent times, the use of medicinal herbs to improve mental function has come into the limelight in both developed and developing countries. Increased research is being carried out to discover Ayurvedic medications owing to their biosafety profile and utility in cognitive impairment. The current chapter deals with the depiction of one such plant, that is Bacopa monnieri, which possesses neuroprotective properties, and is considered to be Medhya Rasayana (a nootropic drug). This Indian herb, being a dietary anti-oxidant, has several modes of action to protect the brain against oxidative damage and age-related issues. A majority of the plant compounds, such as polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenes, present in medicinal plants, have been known to have therapeutic properties against neurodegeneration mainly by virtue of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-amyloidogenic effects. © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers. All rights reserved.
Circadian desynchronization in pregnancy of Golden hamster following long time light exposure: Involvement of Akt/FoxO1 pathway
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Megha Das; Soumya Ranjan Mohanty; Tarun Minocha; Nitesh Kumar Mishra; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Chandana Haldar
Coordination between central and peripheral reproductive clocks in females is poorly understood. Long light is having a hazardous effect on reproductive health. Hence, explored the effect of long-time light exposure (LLD; 16L:8D) on the central and peripheral reproductive (ovary and uterus) clock genes (Bmal1, Clock, Per1, Per2, Cry1 and Cry2) and its downstream regulators (Aanat, Egf, Cx26, Cx43, ERα, pAktS-473, pAktT-308, pFoxO1T-24, 14–3-3, HoxA10, HoxA11 and Pibf) expression in non-pregnant and pregnant Golden hamster. Young adult Golden hamsters were exposed to LLD for 30 days and then were mated. We observed that LLD exposure increased the thickness of the endometrium and reduced myometrium thickness, resembling uterine adenomyosis. In non-pregnant females LLD altered the expressions of clock genes in suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), ovary and the uterus along with serum estradiol rhythm. LLD upregulated Egf and downregulated Aanat, Cx26, and Cx43 mRNA levels in uterus. LLD upregulated Akt/FoxO1 phosphorylation and 14-3-3 expressions in the uterus of nonpregnant females. LLD exposure to pregnant females lowered serum progesterone, Aanat, Pibf, Hoxa10, and Hoxa11 mRNA expressions on D4 (peri-implantation) and D8 (post-implantation) resulting in a low implantation rate on D8 (post-implantation). Hence it is evident that the frequent pregnancy anomalies noted under a long light schedule might be due to desynchronization in Aanat, Pibf, Hoxa10, and Hoxa11 as well as the central and peripheral clock genes (Bmal1, Clock, Per1, Per2, Cry1 and Cry2). LLD exposure desynchronized the central and peripheral reproductive clock affecting uterine physiology via Akt/FoxO1 pathway in Golden hamsters. Thus, LLD is a risk factor for female reproductive health and fertility. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
Continuous artificial light potentially disrupts central and peripheral reproductive clocks leading to altered uterine physiology and reduced pregnancy success in albino mice
(Springer Nature, 2022) Megha Das; Tarun Minocha; Dhanananajay Kumar; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Chandana Haldar
Aims: The mechanism behind clock coordination in female reproductive disorders is poorly understood despite the known importance of coordinated and synchronized timing of central and clocks in reproductive organs. We investigated the effect of continuous artificial light (LL) on the central and peripheral reproductive clock gene (Bmal1, Clock, Per1, Per2 and Cry1) and its downstream regulators (Hgf, PR-A and HOXA10) during non-pregnancy and pregnancy phases of female mice. Main methods: Mice (n = 60) in two sets, were maintained under continuous light (LL) and natural day cycle (LD;12L: 12D) for both non-pregnant and pregnant study. Tissues from hypothalamus-containing SCN, ovary, uterus and serum were collected at different zeitgeber time points (ZT; at 4-h intervals across 24-h periods). Key findings: LL exposure desynchronized the expressions of the clock mRNAs (Bmal1, Clock, Per1, Per2 and Cry1) in SCN, ovary, and uterus along with Hgf mRNA rhythm. LL significantly increased the thickness of endometrial tissues. Furthermore, the pregnant study revealed lower serum progesterone level during peri- and post-implantation under LL along with downregulated expression of progesterone receptor (PR) as well as progesterone dependent uterine Homeobox A-10 (Hoxa10) proteins with lowered pregnancy outcomes. Significance: Our result suggests that LL disrupted the circadian coordination between central and clock genes in reproductive tissue leading to interrupted uterine physiology and altered pregnancy in mice. This led us to propose that duration of light exposure at work-places or home for females is very important in prevention of pregnancy anomalies. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Photochemistry Association, European Society for Photobiology.
Effect of carbon quantum dots derived from extracts of UV-B-exposed Eclipta alba on alcohol-induced liver cirrhosis in Golden Hamster
(Springer Nature, 2023) Kshama Rai; Kanchan Yadav; Megha Das; Shilpi Chaudhary; Kaustubh Naik; Priya Singh; Ashutosh Kumar Dubey; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Shashi Bhushan Agrawal; Avanish Singh Parmar
The Eclipta alba plant is considered hepatoprotective, owing to its phytoconstituents wedelolactone. In the current study, effect of elevated ultraviolet-B (eUV-B) radiation was investigated on biochemical, phytochemical, and antioxidative enzymatic activities of E. alba (Bhringraj) plant. The UV-B exposure resulted in an increase in oxidative stress, which has caused an imbalance in phytochemical, biochemical constituents, and induced antioxidative enzymatic activities. It was observed that the UV-B exposure promoted wedelolactone yield by 23.64%. Further, the leaf extract of UV-B-exposed plants was used for the synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) using low cost, one-step hydrothermal technique and its biocompatibility was studied using in vitro MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay on HepG2 liver cell line. It revealed no toxicity in any treatment groups in comparison to the control. Both CQDs and leaf extract were orally administered to the golden hamster suffering from alcohol-induced liver cirrhosis. In the morphometric study, it was clearly observed that a combination of UV-B-exposed leaf extract and synthesized CQDs delivered the best result with maximum recovery of liver tissues. The present study reveals the positive impact of UV-B exposure on the medicinally important plant, increased yield of wedelolactone, and its enhanced hepatoprotective efficacy for the treatment of damaged liver tissues. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Photochemistry Association, European Society for Photobiology.
Epigenetic drugs based on antiaging approach: an overview
(Elsevier, 2022) Tarun Minocha; Namrata Dwivedi; Chetan Panda; Anamika Misra; Barsha Baisakhi Nayak; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Hareram Birla; Sandeep Kumar Singh
Aging is a natural physiological process that takes place during the course of life in all living beings. It is the main culprit in the growth and development of several chronic diseases because of changes or gradual decline of normal physiological functions. Several reports revealed that the epigenetic changes foisted and established a great impact on the aging process. Indeed, aging associated with epigenetic dysregulations imposes serious health concerns for various human pathologies including metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurological and psychological disorders. During the last few decades, a variety of natural and synthetic drugs are being employed for various therapeutic applications because of antiaging attributes; however, the results are still unsatisfactory. Therefore, nowadays, epigenetic drugs-based therapy has emerged as a possible and crucial approach for the treatment of several diseases associated with aging. In a nutshell, this chapter epitomes the role of epigenetic drugs that not only targets epigenetic pathways involved in a myriad of pathologies but also improves the lifespan of patients. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Flavonoids as Promising Neuroprotectants and Their Therapeutic Potential against Alzheimer's Disease
(Hindawi Limited, 2022) Tarun Minocha; Hareram Birla; Ahmad A. Obaid; Vipin Rai; P. Sushma; Chandan Shivamallu; Mahmoud Moustafa; Mohammed Al-Shehri; Ahmed Al-Emam; Maria A. Tikhonova; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Burkhard Poeggeler; Divakar Singh; Sandeep Kumar Singh
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the serious and progressive neurodegenerative disorders in the elderly worldwide. Various genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors are associated with its pathogenesis that affect neuronal cells to degenerate over the period of time. AD is characterized by cognitive dysfunctions, behavioural disability, and psychological impairments due to the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Several research reports have shown that flavonoids are the polyphenolic compounds that significantly improve cognitive functions and inhibit or delay the amyloid beta aggregation or NFT formation in AD. Current research has uncovered that dietary use of flavonoid-rich food sources essentially increases intellectual abilities and postpones or hinders the senescence cycle and related neurodegenerative problems including AD. During AD pathogenesis, multiple signalling pathways are involved and to target a single pathway may relieve the symptoms but not provides the permanent cure. Flavonoids communicate with different signalling pathways and adjust their activities, accordingly prompting valuable neuroprotective impacts. Flavonoids likewise hamper the movement of obsessive indications of neurodegenerative disorders by hindering neuronal apoptosis incited by neurotoxic substances. In this short review, we briefly discussed about the classification of flavonoids and their neuroprotective properties that could be used as a potential source for the treatment of AD. In this review, we also highlight the structural features of flavonoids, their beneficial roles in human health, and significance in plants as well as their microbial production. © 2022 Tarun Minocha et al.
In vitro cytotoxic potential of cow dung and expired tomato sauces-derived carbon nanodots against A-375 human melanoma cell line
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Gaurav Gopal Naik; Reena Madavi; Tarun Minocha; Debadatta Mohapatra; Ravi Pratap; Singh Shreya; Pradeep Kumar Patel; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Avanish Parmar; Arjun Patra; Nishant Sudhir Jain; Swaha Satpathy; Mohsin Kazi; Muhammad Delwar Hussain; Alakh N Sahu
Converting biowaste into a functional product is put to the test by the growing amount of biowaste in the world and the environmental problems it causes. In this research study, we synthesized, characterized, and evaluated bluish-green luminescent carbon nanodots (CNDs) from cow dung and expired tomato sauces via a hydrothermal synthesis method at 160 °C for 8 h. The carbon nanodots were fabricated without additional passivating agents and exhibited good physicochemical and optical properties. The intrinsic properties of carbon nanodots were characterized using various spectral techniques. First, we evaluated the cytotoxic potential of carbon nanodots against A-375 human melanoma cell lines. This study revealed that carbon nanodots exhibited potent cytotoxicity and significantly inhibited the proliferation of A-375 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Next, we demonstrated these carbon nanodot's free radical scavenging potential by employing 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The bluish-green fluorescent carbon nanodots fabricated using a green synthesis approach have broad potential for biological applications. © 2023 The Authors
In vitro profiling and molecular dynamics simulation studies of berberine loaded MCM-41 mesoporous silica nanoparticles to prevent neuronal apoptosis
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024) Anurag Kumar Singh; Snigdha Singh; Tarun Minocha; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Reema Narayan; Usha Yogendra Nayak; Santosh Kumar Singh; Rajendra Awasthi
Neuronal loss in Alzheimer's disease has been reported to display features of apoptosis, pyroptosis (programmed necrosis), or necroptosis. This study thoroughly examines the production and characterization of MCM-41 based berberine (BBR)-loaded porous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) by a modified Stöber method, focusing on their possible role in inhibiting the apoptotic process. Particle size, polydispersity index, morphology, drug loading, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and drug release were examined. The formulation was analyzed using various spectroscopic techniques. The surface area was computed by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller plot. Computational models were developed for molecular dynamics simulation studies. A small PDI value indicated an even distribution of particles at nanoscale sizes (80-100 nm). Results from XRD and SEAD experiments confirmed the amorphous nature of BBR in nanoparticles. Nanoparticles had high entrapment (75.21 ± 1.55%) and drug loading (28.16 ± 2.5%) efficiencies. A negative zeta potential value (−36.861.1 mV) indicates the presence of silanol groups on the surface of silica. AFM findings reveal bumps due to the surface drug that contributed to the improved roughness of the MSNs-BBR surface. Thermal gravimetric analysis confirmed the presence of BBR in MSNs. Drug release was controlled by simple diffusion or quasi-diffusion. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the existence of diffused drug molecules. Cellular studies using SH-SY-5Y cells revealed dose-dependent growth inhibition. Fragmented cell nuclei and nuclear apoptotic bodies in DAPI-stained cells exposed to nanoparticles showed an increase in apoptotic cells. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated a lower red-to-green ratio in SH-SY-5Y cells treated with nanoparticles. This suggests improved mitochondrial health, cellular viability restoration, and prevention of the apoptotic process. This study provides essential data on the synthesis and potential of MSNs loaded with BBR, which may serve as a viable therapeutic intervention for conditions associated with apoptosis. © 2024 RSC.
Melatonin induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in cervical cancer cells via inhibition of NF-κB pathway
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Tarun Minocha; Megha Das; Vipin Rai; Sumit Singh Verma; Nikee Awasthee; Subash Chandra Gupta; Chandana Haldar; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav
Cervical cancer is the most prevalent cancer in females. Melatonin, a neurohormone has been documented as a promising therapeutic molecule for cervical cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not known. We explored the dose-dependent anti-tumor response of melatonin against cervical cancer cell lines, HeLa (HPV-18 positive) and SiHa (HPV-16 positive). The anti-cancer effect of melatonin was evaluated by MTT assay, cell imaging, colony formation, DAPI, AO/PI, LDH, Flow cytometry, scratch assay, western blot analysis and real-time PCR. Results of DAPI, AO/PI, LDH, and Annexin/PI staining revealed that melatonin induces apoptosis. The results of cell cycle analysis revealed that melatonin arrests the HeLa and SiHa cells in sub-G1 and G1 phases, respectively. Western blot analysis revealed that melatonin downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory transcription factor, NF-κB and the expression of COX-2 protein, a key mediator in cell proliferation. In addition, melatonin downregulated the expression of an invasive marker, MMP-9, an antiapoptotic protein, Bcl-2, and upregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic protein, Bax at both transcriptional and translational levels. Overall, the results suggest that melatonin exhibited strong anti-cancer therapeutic potential against human cervical cancer cell line progression possibly through inhibition of NF-κB signalling pathway. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Melatonin regulates splenocytes proliferation via IP3-dependent intracellular Ca2+ release in seasonally breeding bird, Perdicula asiatica
(Informa Healthcare, 2014) Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Chandana Haldar; Sunil Kumar Singh; Debabrata Dash
Melatonin plays an important role in the immune regulation of birds. Both endogenous and exogenous melatonin modulates lymphocyte proliferation via its specific membrane receptors, Mel1a, Mel1b and Mel1c, though the mechanisms behind this process are poorly understood. We investigated the differences in melatonin membrane receptor Mel1a, Mel1b and Mel1c expression by western blot and reverse transcription reaction and the in vitro effect of melatonin on the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in splenocytes of the Indian Jungle Bush Quail, Perdicula asiatica. We used a non-selective melatonin receptor antagonist for Mel1a and Mel1b, luzindole, and the selective Mel1b blocker, 4P-PDOT to check the specific role of melatonin receptor on ([Ca2+]i). The expression of Mel1a, Mel1b and Mel1c receptors mRNA and protein was upregulated by melatonin (10-7M) with a significant high rise in ([Ca2+]i), which was differentially blocked by supplementation of antagonist, luzindole (10-7M) and 4P-PDOT (10-7M). Furthermore, we noted in vitro effect of melatonin and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), a cell-permeable antagonist of inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor to check the rise in ([Ca2+]i) through the IP3 pathway. Significantly low ([Ca2+]i) was noted in melatonin and 2-APB pretreated splenocytes when compared with splenocytes where 2-APB was absent. Thus, our data suggest that melatonin through its membrane receptor induced the elevation of ([Ca2+]i) via IP3-dependent pathway for splenocyte proliferation in P. asiatica. © 2014 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.
Melatonin: A journey from bovine pineal gland to a promising oncostatic agent
(Elsevier Science Ltd., 2020) Tarun Minocha; Megha Das; Nitesh Kumar Mishra; Soumya Ranjan Mohanty; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav
Now a day's cancer is one of the second leading health issue across the globe. Low- and middle-income countries are more prone to cancer and approximately 70% of demises occur in these countries. Melatonin, being a natural signaling molecule is ubiquitously found in almost all the living creatures from organisms to plants. During the past few decades, several studies have inflamed the attention of melatonin as a potent candidate to combat myriad of cancers because of its anti-cancer attribute. Melatonin exhibits the oncostatic property hence, halts the growth of different tumors during different stages of their progression. In a nutshell, this chapter epitomes the therapeutic potential of melatonin against cancer and serves as a concrete platform for researchers to pillar the basic and clinical studies on melatonin for future research directions. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
MicroRNA-29b-3p degenerates terminally differentiated dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells by perturbation of mitochondrial functions
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Sana Sarkar; Anuj Pandey; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Pragati Raghuwanshi; Mohammed Haris Siddiqui; Saripella Srikrishna; Aditya Bhushan Pant; Sanjay Yadav
Mitochondrial dysfunction is the main cause of gradual deterioration of structure and function of neuronal cells, eventually resulting in neurodegeneration. Studies have revealed a complex interrelationship between neurotoxicant exposure, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neurodegenerative diseases. Alteration in the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has also been linked with disruption in mitochondrial homeostasis and bioenergetics. In our recent research (Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology (2023) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-023-01362-4), we have identified miR-29b-3p as one of the most significantly up-regulated miRNAs in the blood of Parkinson's patients. The findings of the present study revealed that neurotoxicants of two different natures, that is, arsenic or rotenone, dramatically increased miR-29b-3p expression (18.63-fold and 12.85-fold, respectively) in differentiated dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells. This dysregulation of miR-29b-3p intricately modulated mitochondrial morphology, induced oxidative stress, and perturbed mitochondrial membrane potential, collectively contributing to the degeneration of dopaminergic cells. Additionally, using assays for mitochondrial bioenergetics in live and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, a reduction in oxygen consumption rate (OCR), maximal respiration, basal respiration, and non-mitochondrial respiration was observed in cells transfected with mimics of miR-29b-3p. Inhibition of miR-29b-3p by transfecting inhibitor of miR-29b-3p prior to exposure to neurotoxicants significantly restored OCR and other respiration parameters. Furthermore, we observed that induction of miR-29b-3p activates neuronal apoptosis via sirtuin-1(SIRT-1)/YinYang-1(YY-1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α)-regulated Bcl-2 interacting protein 3-like-dependent mechanism. Collectively, our studies have shown the role of miR-29b-3p in dysregulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics during degeneration of dopaminergic neurons via regulating SIRT-1/YY-1/PGC-1α axis. (Figure presented.) © 2024 International Society for Neurochemistry.
Multi-Responsive Hydrogel Based on Sodium Alginate With Acrylic Acid and Methacrylic Acid: Impact on Normal and Cancerous Cells
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Krishtan Pal; Sheetal Jaiswal; Paramjeet Yadav; Rajesh Rakesh Kumar; Tarun Minocha; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav
The application of sodium alginate (SA) in the field of hydrogels has attracted much attention. However, it remains challenging to fabricate sodium alginate-based biocompatible hydrogels with improved strength, high elasticity, porosity, and extraordinary adhesiveness. Herein, a hydrogel is constructed by SA and a copolymer of acrylic acid (AA) and meth acrylic acid (MAA), was synthesized via a free-radical polymerization (FRP) and reinforced by using dynamic cross-linker (Fe2+/Fe3+) with their carboxylate groups (COO−) like a chelating complex. The XPS validates the presence of dynamic Fe2+ (711 eV)/Fe3+ (714 eV) ions in the hydrogel scaffold. Porous structure contributes to improving the swelling rate (400%) which assists in drug delivery (80%) applications. The hydrogel has a well-interconnected network with a crossover point (G′ = G″) at 120 Pa with 8.52% strain and various factors viz. frequency temperature and time sweep study affect the gelation. The hydrogel exhibits a substantial surface area (25m2/g), pore depth size up to 350 nm, and height distribution histogram average size of 394 nm. The poly(AA-co-MAA) copolymer found actively targeting breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and exhibited biocompatibility against HEK-293 cells and useful in water soluble controlled drug delivery. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Nutraceutical phycocyanin nanoformulation for efficient drug delivery of paclitaxel in human glioblastoma U87MG cell line
(Springer Netherlands, 2017) Madhunika Agrawal; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Satyam Kumar Agrawal; Surajit Karmakar
To enhance the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy on glioblastoma U87MG cell line, paclitaxel-loaded phycocyanin nanoparticles (PTX-PcNPs) were prepared by modified desolvation process. PTX-PcNPs were characterised in terms of size, zeta potential, drug loading efficiency and drug release. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed PTX-PcNPs could be internalised by U87MG cells. The anti-cancer activity was investigated in vitro by 3-(4,5-dimethylthizol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay with and without photodynamic therapy. It was observed that formulation could significantly inhibit growth of U87MG cells as compared to PTX alone and also induced apoptosis, which was evidenced by presence of apoptotic bodies and nuclear fragmentation in treated cells. The present study suggests that PTX-PcNPs can act as a promising drug delivery system for cancer treatment. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
Sandalwood-derived carbon quantum dots as bioimaging tools to investigate the toxicological effects of malachite green in model organisms
(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Devyani Shukla; Megha Das; Dipanshu Kasade; Maneesha Pandey; Ashutosh Kumar Dubey; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Avanish Singh Parmar
Malachite green is an N-methylated diaminophenylmethane dye that has generated much concern over its suggestive carcinogenic nature. After its excessive use in aquaculture industry as an effective ectoparasitide, much debate was raised over its toxicological effects leading to scientific studies conducted on animal models. Even after several bans, malachite green is still easily available in many parts of the world and unscrupulously even used to give green vegetables a fresher look. This study aims to address this concern by systematically studying the toxicological effects of malachite green through bioimaging in plant and animal cell and tissue. Sandalwood-derived carbon quantum dots have been used as a bioimaging tool since they are non-cytotoxic and show excellent fluorescence properties. Onion tissues demonstrate the translocation of the dye inside cells having high affinity for the nuclei and cell walls. Toxicological effects on the growth of Vigna radiata (mung beans) have been studied methodically. Bioimaging of the transverse cross-section of the dye-treated plant root shows a significant difference from the control. In animal cells, dose-dependent decrease in cell viability of MG-63 cells was observed with MG. CQD showed good fluorescence in both cytoplasm and nucleus of MG63 cells. In addition, CQDs were employed as a great tool for bioimaging of the histopathologically adverse effects of MG in Golden hamster animal model. This study showed CQDs could be used as an alternative non-site specific fluorescent probe for cell and tissue imaging for better visualization of cell and tissue architectural changes. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Shift and longtime light induces endometrioid adenocarcinoma via activation of PKC-α/Akt pathway in female golden hamster: Involvement of altered Aanat and Bmal1 rhythm
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Megha Das; Chandana Haldar; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav
Female night-workers get exposed to frequent light shifts, hence have altered circadian rhythm and are at high risk of endometrial cancer; the underlying mechanism however is still not clear. We, therefore examined the effect of long light exposure (16L:8D, LD1) and regular shift (8 h) in long nighttime (LD2) on endometrial changes of female golden hamsters. Morphometric analysis, scanning electron microscopy imaging, alcian blue staining, and cytological nuclear atypia of endometrial stromal cells confirmed the incidence of endometrial adenocarcinoma in LD2 exposed hamsters. But, less severe pathomorphological alterations were noted in uterus of LD1 exposed hamsters. Altered Aanat and Bmal1 mRNA, melatonin rhythm, downregulation of important marker gene of adenocarcinoma like Akt, 14-3-3, and PR protein expression and upregulation PKCα, pAkt-S473 and vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF) were observed in LD2 exposed hamsters suggesting the endometrial adenocarcinoma. Further, our western blot analysis supported the immunohistochemical localization of PR, PKCα, and VEGF in uterine tissues along low progesterone. Overall, our data indicates that light shift and long light exposure potentially induced endometrioid adenocarcinoma via activation of PKC-α/Akt pathway in female hamsters. Therefore, duration of light is essential for female normal uterine function. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Studies on Regulation of Global Protein Profile and Cellular Bioenergetics of Differentiating SH-SY5Y Cells
(Springer, 2022) Anuj Pandey; Sana Sarkar; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Smriti Singh Yadav; Saripella Srikrishna; Mohammad Haris Siddiqui; Devendra Parmar; Sanjay Yadav
The SH-SY5Y cells differentiated by sequential exposure of retinoic acid (RA) and brain-derived neurotrophic growth factor (BDNF) are a well-employed cellular model for studying the mechanistic aspects of neural development and neurodegeneration. Earlier studies from our lab have identified dramatic upregulation (77 miRNAs) and downregulation (17 miRNAs) of miRNAs in SH-SY5Y cells differentiated with successive exposure of RA + BDNF and demonstrated the essential role of increased levels of P53 proteins in coping with the differentiation-induced changes in protein levels. In continuation to our earlier studies, we have performed unbiased LC–MS/MS global protein profiling of naïve and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and analyzed the identified proteins in reference to miRNAs identified in our earlier studies to identify the cellular events regulated by both identified miRNAs and proteins. Analysis of LC–MS/MS data has shown a significant increase and decrease in levels of 215 and 163 proteins, respectively, in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Integrative analysis of miRNA identified in our previous studies and protein identified in the present study is carried out to discover novel miRNA-protein regulatory modules to elucidate miRNA-protein regulatory relationships of differentiating neurons. In silico network analysis of miRNAs and proteins deregulated upon SH-SY5Y differentiation identified cell cycle, synapse formation, axonogenesis, differentiation, neuron projection, and neurotransmission, as the topmost involved pathways. Further, measuring mitochondrial dynamics and cellular bioenergetics using qPCR and Seahorse XFp Flux Analyzer, respectively, showed that differentiated cells possess increased mitochondrial dynamics and OCR relative to undifferentiated cells. In summary, our studies have identified a novel set of proteins deregulated during neuronal differentiation and establish the role of miRNAs identified in earlier studies in the regulation of proteins identified by LC–MS/MS-based global profiling of differentiating neurons, which will help in future studies related to neural development and neurodegeneration. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.