Browsing by Author "Santosh Kumar"

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A constitutively expressed pair of rpoE2-chrR2 in azospirillum brasilense Sp7 is required for survival under antibiotic and oxidative stress
(2013) Namrata Gupta; Santosh Kumar; Mukti Nath Mishra; Anil Kumar Tripathi
Extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors (σE) are known to bring about changes in gene expression to enable bacteria to adapt to different stresses. The Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 genome harbours nine genes encoding σE, of which two are adjacent to the genes encoding ChrR-type zinc-binding anti-sigma (ZAS) factors. We describe here the role and regulation of a new pair of rpoE-chrR, which was found in the genome of A. brasilense Sp7 in addition to the previously described rpoE-chrR pair (designated rpoE1-chrR1). The rpoE2-chrR2 pair is also cotranscribed, and their products show protein-protein interaction. The"10 and"35 promoter elements of rpoE2-chrR2 and rpoE1-chrR1 were similar but not identical. Unlike the promoter of rpoE1-chrR1, the rpoE2-chrR2 promoter was neither autoregulated nor induced by oxidative stress. Inactivation of chrR2 or overexpression of rpoE2 in A. brasilense Sp7 resulted in an overproduction of carotenoids. It also conferred resistance to oxidative stresses and antibiotics. By controlling the synthesis of carotenoids, initiation and elongation of translation, protein folding and purine biosynthesis, RpoE2 seems to play a crucial role in preventing and repairing the cellular damage caused by oxidative stress. Lack of autoregulation and constitutive expression of rpoE2-chrR2 suggest that RpoE2-ChrR2 may provide a rapid mechanism to cope with oxidative stress, wherein singlet oxygen (1O2)-mediated dissociation of the RpoE2-ChrR2 complex might release RpoE2 to drive the expression of its target genes. © 2013 SGM.
A Molecular and Spectroscopic Approach to Reclamation of Coal Mine Soil Using Tree Species: a Case Study of Gevra Mining Area, Korba, India
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Preeti Singh; A.K. Ghosh; Santosh Kumar; S.L. Jat; Kumari Seema; Satya Narayana Pradhan; Manoj Kumar
Loss of topsoil and mechanical mixing of soil horizons of mining land causes depletion of huge amounts of carbon (C). Biological reclamation of the soils of mining land helps in soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. Therefore, to quantify the quality and quantity of soil organic carbon sequestered through biological reclamation, a chronosequence study consisting of 8- and 25-year-old reclaimed mine soil substrates planted with three different plant species, viz Azadirachta indica, Gmelina arborea and Dalbergia sissoo was undertaken at Gevra, Chhattisgarh, India. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and mean SOC stock were recorded highest for A. indica (1468.45 mg C kg−1 soil substrate and 334.72 Mg C ha−1 respectively) after 25 years of reclamation. All the three tree species contributed significantly in raising the non-labile SOC pool among which, the contribution of A. indica (88.25%) was found highest. SOC stock (69.82 Mg C ha−1) was found highest for topsoil substrate of 25-year-old re-vegetated site. This increase in SOC in topsoil substrate associated with a higher carbon input and the lower rates of SOC decomposition following revegetation indicated accumulation of more stable SOC forms with time. The nitrogen (N) content (r = − 0.51, p < 0.01) and C/N ratio (r = 0.56, p < 0.05) in the litter were an important controlling factor for TSOC. SOC molecules became more aromatic with a higher degree of substitution by reactive functional groups in the 25-year-old restored minesoil substrates as observed from spectroscopic analysis (E4/E6 and A253nm/A220nm). After 25 years of reclamation, similar Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) absorption bands were observed for all tree species. However, the intensities at 1618- 1651 cm−1 in humic acid (HA) of G. arborea were higher, indicating presence of aromatic C=C, ascribed to the higher complexity of the HA fraction for G. arborea. The results indicated that spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, UV–vis, E4/E6 ratio) were clearly able to distinguish between restored minesoil substrates on the basis of the characteristics of SOC molecules and can be useful to shedding light on SOC dynamics and sequestration processes. © 2022, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo.
Additive Manufacturing Technologies and Post-processing, Design Optimization, and Material Considerations for Reliable Printing
(wiley, 2022) Pankaj K. Singh; Santosh Kumar; Pramod K. Jain
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a process of making three-dimensional components through the CAD model by depositing the materials layer-by-layer, feeding the material in the form of either powder or wire, and using various melting sources available like a laser beam or an electron beam. Over the last few years, because of extensive research by academic institutions, companies, and research organizations around the world, AM technology has reached its pinnacle in both research and commercial production. Subtractive manufacturing methods have been replaced by the AM process because of waste reduction and production flexibility. Nowadays, AM technologies are capable of making sophisticated and almost net-shaped parts in materials such as polymers, metals, ceramics, and composites that may be used directly as functioning parts. When a part is fabricated from an AM process, it may need to go through a few more steps before it can be regarded suitable for use, which is referred to as “post-processing.” Post-processing refers to any process or activity like coating, subtractive manufacturing, and material treatments that must be performed on a printed item as well as any technique used to improve the part further. AM coupled with design optimization allows the computational enhancement of mechanical system performance and also optimizes the structure for the desired outcome. To minimize material costs and improve sustainability, cellular structures are interesting candidates for AM to design lightweight and complicated parts. The potential materials are essential for successful AM, and various processes necessitate different preparation methods. We also go for the various AM materials like polymers, metals, ceramics, and composites. In this chapter, we discussed the different AM technologies, post-processing techniques, design optimization, and considerations of materials for reliable printing. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH, Boschstr. 12, 69469 Weinheim, Germany.
Almost Ricci-Bourguignon soliton on warped product space
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Santosh Kumar; Pankaj Kumar; Buddhadev Pal
The purpose of this article is to study the almost Ricci-Bourguignon soliton on warped product space. Some results for solenoidal and concurrent vector fields are obtained on warped product space with almost Ricci-Bourguignon soliton. We provide the relation between the warped manifold and its base manifold (fiber manifold) for an almost Ricci-Bourguignon soliton. We also generalize the Bochner formula in warped product space. Next, we study the Riemannian map whose total manifold admits an almost Ricci-Bourguignon soliton. We find the condition for a kernel of Riemannian map to become an almost Ricci-Bourguignon soliton. Moreover, we give an example for almost Ricci-Bourguignon soliton on warped product space. © 2023 Polish Scientific Publishers
An extracytoplasmic function sigma factor cotranscribed with its cognate anti-sigma factor confers tolerance to NaCl, ethanol and methylene blue in Azospirillum brasilense Sp7
(2011) Mukti Nath Mishra; Santosh Kumar; Namrata Gupta; Simarjot Kaur; Ankush Gupta; Anil K. Tripathi
Azospirillum brasilense, a plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium, is exposed to changes in its abiotic environment, including fluctuations in temperature, salinity, osmolarity, oxygen concentration and nutrient concentration, in the rhizosphere and in the soil. Since extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors play an important role in stress adaptation, we analysed the role of ECF sigma factor (also known as RpoE or σ E) in abiotic stress tolerance in A. brasilense. An in-frame rpoE deletion mutant of A. brasilense Sp7 was carotenoidless and slowgrowing, and was sensitive to salt, ethanol and methylene blue stress. Expression of rpoE in the rpoE deletion mutant complemented the defects in growth, carotenoid biosynthesis and sensitivity to different stresses. Based on data from reverse transcriptase-PCR, a two-hybrid assay and a pull-down assay, we present evidence that rpoE is cotranscribed with chrR and the proteins synthesized from these two overlapping genes interact with each other. Identification of the transcription start site by 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends showed that the rpoE-chrR operon was transcribed by two promoters. The proximal promoter was less active than the distal promoter, whose consensus sequence was characteristic of RpoE-dependent promoters found in alphaproteobacteria. Whereas the proximal promoter was RpoE-independent and constitutively expressed, the distal promoter was RpoE-dependent and strongly induced in response to stationary phase and elevated levels of ethanol, salt, heat and methylene blue. This study shows the involvement of RpoE in controlling carotenoid synthesis as well as in tolerance to some abiotic stresses in A. brasilense, which might be critical in the adaptation, survival and proliferation of this rhizobacterium in the soil and rhizosphere under stressful conditions. © 2011 SGM.
Assessment of productivity, profitability and energetics of rice-based cropping sequences in irrigated ecosystem of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
(Enviro Media, 2015) Santosh Kumar; J.S. Bohra; Rakesh Kumar; Gargi Goswami; Narendra Kumawat
A field experiment was conducted during 2011 and 2012 at Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh to evaluate effect of cropping sequences on productivity, energetic and economics on rice-based cropping system. Rice-potato-green gram crop sequence recorded the highest system productivity (52.0 kg ha-1 day1) fallowed by rice-vegetable pea-lady's finger and rice-maize (cob) + vegetable pea (1:2)-cowpea fodder crop sequences. However, the highest energy use efficiency was recorded in rice-maize (green cob) + vegetable pea (1:2)-cowpea fodder (2.98) closely followed by rice wheat (2.80) sequence. Rice-green gram and rice-maize (cob) + vegetable pea (1:2)-cowpea fodder produced 185.7 MJ haa and 169.9 MJ ha1 gross output energy, respectively. With substitution of wheat by mustard in rabi and intensification in summer season with green gram recorded the highest energy productivity (258.6 g MJ-1). Gross return (Rs. 259159), net return (Rs. 150227), B: C ratio (2.38) as well as system profitability (Rs. 412 ha-1 day-1) was recorded maximum in rice-potato-green gram crop sequence followed by rice-vegetable pea-lady's finger crop sequence. © Copyright EM International.
Augmenting Salinity Tolerance in Rice Through Genetic Enhancement in the Post-genomic Era
(Springer Nature, 2023) Sanchika Snehi; Santosh Kumar; Sanket R. Rathi; Nitish Ranjan Prakash
Rice is a prime dietary cereal of almost 90% of Asian population and is grown in more than 110 countries. Soil salinity is a major challenge in rice cultivation across the world. More and more land is becoming saline in coastal and inland areas due to irrigation with saline ground water, inherent salt in the parent material of soil, excessive use of fertilizers and chemicals, sea water intrusion, and erratic rainfall. Therefore, a crop with enhanced tolerance to salinity can withstand the situation of high salinity and is a promised approach to manage crop cultivation in such areas. Genetic enhancement of rice to such increased salt content at both seedling and reproductive stage can be sourced from several landraces, wild relatives, and germplasms. Novel genetic approaches such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS), QTL mapping, allele mining, candi- date gene prediction, and marker-assisted gene tagging have been applied to identify, isolate, validate, and characterize genomic loci governing salinity toler- ance in rice. Next-generation breeding strategies, including marker-assisted selec- tion (MAS), have been deployed to transfer salt-tolerant QTL (Saltol) into susceptible cultivars. In the present chapter, we have critically described the physiological, biochemical, and genetic basis of salinity tolerance in rice. The breeding approaches utilizing several methodologies for evaluating genotypes under salinity for practicing selection have also been described. The recent success of genomic-assisted breeding and future proposed use of advanced breeding methods such as genomic selection and haplotype selection has been mentioned in detail. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte 1 Ltd. 2023.
Bacteriophytochrome controls carotenoid-independent response to photodynamic stress in a non-photosynthetic rhizobacterium, Azospirillum brasilense Sp7
(2012) Santosh Kumar; Suneel Kateriya; Vijay Shankar Singh; Meenakshi Tanwar; Shweta Agarwal; Hina Singh; Jitendra Paul Khurana; Devinder Vijay Amla; Anil Kumar Tripathi
Ever since the discovery of the role of bacteriophytochrome (BphP) in inducing carotenoid synthesis in Deinococcus radiodurans in response to light the role of BphPs in other non-photosynthetic bacteria is not clear yet. Azospirillum brasilense, a non-photosynthetic rhizobacterium, harbours a pair of BphPs out of which AbBphP1 is a homolog of AtBphP1 of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. By overexpression, purification, biochemical and spectral characterization we have shown that AbBphP1 is a photochromic bacteriophytochrome. Phenotypic study of the ΔAbBphP1 mutant showed that it is required for the survival of A. brasilense on minimal medium under red light. The mutant also showed reduced chemotaxis towards dicarboxylates and increased sensitivity to the photooxidative stress. Unlike D. radiodurans, AbBphP1 was not involved in controlling carotenoid synthesis. Proteome analysis of the ΔAbBphP1 indicated that AbBphP1 is involved in inducing a cellular response that enables A. brasilense in regenerating proteins that might be damaged due to photodynamic stress. © 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
Band Energy Modulation in an Fe-Mn-ZnO Nanowire-Nanosheet Catalyst for Efficient Overall Water Splitting
(American Chemical Society, 2024) Rajneesh Kumar Mishra; Gyu Jin Choi; Jeong Won Ryu; Ranjana Verma; Dhananjay Mishra; Santosh Kumar; Jay Singh; Yogendra Kumar Mishra; Jin Seog Gwag
Here, we studied a simple, scalable, and in situ hydrothermal method to prepare an Fe-Mn-doped ZnO nanowire-nanosheet on a three-dimensional (3D) Ni-foam substrate for electrocatalytic overall water splitting. Attractively, the doping of Fe and Mn in ZnO plays a significant role in mobilizing the electron from Fe and Mn toward ZnO in the Fe-Mn-doped ZnO nanowire-nanosheet due to different vacuum levels of Fe, Mn, and ZnO, facilitating the development of more active sites on the surface of the catalyst, which plays a crucial role in improving the catalytic performances during overall water splitting. Consequently, the Fe-Mn-doped ZnO nanowire-nanosheet shows a lowermost overpotential of 230 mV and a lowermost Tafel slope of 115.2 mV dec-1 during the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and 248 mV overpotential and a short Tafel slope of 109.1 mV dec-1 during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in a 1.0 M KOH electrolyte. Besides, the Fe-Mn-doped ZnO nanowire-nanosheet depicts low charge transfer and series resistances of 3.7 and 0.41 Ω during the HER and 0.36 and 1.66 Ω during the OER, respectively. Also, it elucidates outstanding durability at −10 mA cm-2 for 12 h (HER) and 10 mA cm-2 for 12 h (OER) using chronopotentiometry and 1000 cycles. In addition, the Fe-Mn-ZnO
Behaviour of ionic liquid adsorbed on the surface of nano silica particles and in confined system of silica matrices
(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Yogendra Lal Verma; Manish Pratap Singh; Santosh Kumar; Ravindra Dhar; Rajendra Kumar Singh
This paper presents studies on behaviour of a solid ionic liquid (IL); 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMMIM][PF6] based ionogels obtained by two different techniques, first by physical confinement of IL into nano porous silica matrix and second by adsorption of IL on the outer surface of nano silica particles. The properties of samples have been investigated using various experimental techniques like N2-sorption measurements, TEM, DSC, TGA, and FTIR. It has been observed that the properties of IL have been affected more in confined geometry of silica pores as compared to the adsorption on the surface of nano silica particles. Loading of IL initially increases size and volume of pores while decrease the surface area by ~ 23 %. However, further increase in loading of IL does not produce significant change. This might be explained on basis of π-π stacking of imidazolium ring and an additional π-π stacking association between imidazolium cations. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results show that stronger interaction of IL with the silica pore wall surface in confined matrix while weaker interaction due to the interfacial interaction of nano silica particles with the ions of the IL in surface adsorbed IL. The interactions and method of confinement of IL have been found to be the key parameters that determine the properties of confined and adsorbed IL. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Biochemical and Molecular Evaluation of Rhizobium spp. and its Growth Promotion Studies with Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. L.)
(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2023) Umakant Banjare; Arun Kumar Patel; Ashish Kumar Pandey; Santosh Kumar; Ramesh Kumar Singh; Prahlad Masurkar; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Sandeep Kumar Gupta
Growth promoting Rhizobium spp are frequently used as biofertilizers for agricultural cropping system. Furthermore, Isolation, screening and biochemical characterization of Rhizobium for a specific plant is necessary to examine ability of isolated bacteria to affect the growth and development of host plant in various ways. The current study was aimed to isolate plant specific rhizobacterial strains which are compatible with lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.L.) plant. 20 bacterial isolates have been isolated from root nodules of lentil from various agro ecological area and their biochemical characterization was performed by different plant growth promotion activities. The result showed that, among 20 isolates, four isolates have vigorous plant growth promoting activities. Four bacterial strains were able to solubilise phosphorous along with hormone production. Moreover, among four bacterial strains, two strongly produced HCN and siderophore in vitro. Subsequently, all selected bacterial isolates were inoculated in lentil seeds of variety HUL57 to study germination percentage and vigour index of the crop. Out of four isolates 26N isolate performed best growth promotion activities on lentil seedlings. Finally, on the basis of performance of bacteria on plant, four isolates were characterized using molecular approach of species identification such as 16S rRNA sequencing. © The Author(s) 2023.
Carbon Sequestration in Revegetated Coal Mine Soil: A Chronosequence Study in the Gevra Opencast Project, Chhattisgarh, India
(wiley, 2024) Preeti Singh; Amlan Kumar Ghosh; Ebhin Masto; Santosh Kumar; Chandini Pradhan
Coal, contributing to over 70% of India’s energy production, is intrinsically linked to significant land degradation, notably from mining operations. One of the adverse effects of coal mining is the greenhouse gas emissions from coal combustion, fallen biomass, and mineralization of exposed soil organic matter (SOM). This degradation often results in a significant reduction of SOM content in disturbed soils, which can potentially be countered by targeted soil restoration and strategic revegetation. This study, based in Gevra Coal Mines, Chhattisgarh, probes into the intricacies of soil carbon (SOC) sequestration, focusing on the roles played by plant litter quality and decomposition rates. Through the analysis of different carbon parameters from soil samples collected under the three native plant species - Azadirachta indica, Dalbergia sissoo, and Gmelina arborea, the research underscores that litter quality, more than quantity, is pivotal to effective carbon sequestration. As vegetation gets restored, a resistant SOC pool accumulates, which further contributes to long-term SOC sequestration. With time, SOC molecules undergo humification, becoming more aromatic and stable. The molecular properties of these molecules play a critical role in defining soil quality in reclaimed areas. Spectroscopic methodologies, such as FT-IR and UV-vis, emerged as valuable tools to discern SOC molecular attributes and their dynamics. Of the tree species studied, D. sissoo demonstrated superiority in both quality and quantity of sequestered carbon. In conclusion, the research reaffirms the indispensable need for robust afforestation measures in coal mining areas. As vegetation gets restored, not only is carbon effectively sequestered, but soil health is gradually revived, emphasizing the role of strategic revegetation in post-mining landscapes. © 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Carotenoid biosynthetic pathways are regulated by a network of multiple cascades of alternative sigma factors in Azospirillum brasilense Sp7
(American Society for Microbiology, 2016) Ashutosh Kumar Rai; Ashutosh Prakash Dubey; Santosh Kumar; Debashis Dutta; Mukti Nath Mishra; Bhupendra Narain Singh; Anil Kumar Tripathi
Carotenoids constitute an important component of the defense system against photooxidative stress in bacteria. In Azospirillum brasilense Sp7, a nonphotosynthetic rhizobacterium, carotenoid synthesis is controlled by a pair of extracytoplasmic function sigma factors (RpoEs) and their cognate zinc-binding anti-sigma factors (ChrRs). Its genome harbors two copies of the gene encoding geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (CrtE), the first critical step in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in bacteria. Inactivation of each of two crtE paralogs found in A. brasilense caused reduction in carotenoid content, suggesting their involvement in carotenoid synthesis. However, the effect of crtE1 deletion was more pronounced than that of crtE2 deletion. Out of the five paralogs of rpoH in A. brasilense, overexpression of rpoH1 and rpoH2 enhanced carotenoid synthesis. Promoters of crtE2 and rpoH2 were found to be dependent on RpoH2 and RpoE1, respectively. Using a two-plasmid system in Escherichia coli, we have shown that the crtE2 gene of A. brasilense Sp7 is regulated by two cascades of sigma factors: one consisting of RpoE1and RpoH2 and the other consisting of RpoE2 and RpoH1. In addition, expression of crtE1 was upregulated indirectly by RpoE1 and RpoE2. This study shows, for the first time in any carotenoid-producing bacterium, that the regulation of carotenoid biosynthetic pathway involves a network of multiple cascades of alternative sigma factors. © 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Catalase expression in Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 is regulated by a network consisting of OxyR and two RpoH paralogs and including an RpoE1→RpoH5 regulatory cascade
(American Society for Microbiology, 2018) Ashutosh Kumar Rai; Sudhir Singh; Sushil Kumar Dwivedi; Amit Srivastava; Parul Pandey; Santosh Kumar; Bhupendra Narain Singh; Anil Kumar Tripathi
The genome of Azospirillum brasilense encodes five RpoH sigma factors: two OxyR transcription regulators and three catalases. The aim of this study was to understand the role they play during oxidative stress and their regulatory interconnection. Out of the 5 paralogs of RpoH present in A. brasilense, inactivation of only rpoH1 renders A. brasilense heat sensitive. While transcript levels of rpoH1 were elevated by heat stress, those of rpoH3 and rpoH5 were upregulated by H2O2. Catalase activity was upregulated in A. brasilense and its rpoH::km mutants in response to H2O2 except in the case of the rpoH5::km mutant, suggesting a role for RpoH5 in regulating inducible catalase. Transcriptional analysis of the katN, katAI, and katAII genes revealed that the expression of katN and katAII was severely compromised in the rpoH3::km and rpoH5::km mutants, respectively. Regulation of katN and katAII by RpoH3 and RpoH5, respectively, was further confirmed in an Escherichia coli twoplasmid system. Regulation of katAII by OxyR2 was evident by a drastic reduction in growth, KatAII activity, and katAII::lacZ expression in an oxyR2::km mutant. This study reports the involvement of RpoH3 and RpoH5 sigma factors in regulating oxidative stress response in alphaproteobacteria. We also report the regulation of an inducible catalase by a cascade of alternative sigma factors and an OxyR. Out of the three catalases in A. brasilense, those corresponding to katN and katAII are regulated by RpoH3 and RpoH5, respectively. The expression of katAII is regulated by a cascade of RpoE1→RpoH5 and OxyR2. © 2018 American Society for Microbiology.
Changing clinico-laboratory profile of encephalitis patients in the eastern Uttar Pradesh region of India
(2012) Girish Chandra Bhatt; V.P. Bondre; G.N. Sapkal; Tanya Sharma; Santosh Kumar; M.M. Gore; K.P. Kushwaha; A.K. Rathi
A cross-sectional study was done on 100 consecutive paediatric patients presenting with acute encephalitis syndrome. The clinico-laboratory features of all patients were recorded in a prestructured performa. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples were tested for: Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus; Chandipura virus; coxsackie virus; dengue virus; enterovirus 76; and West Nile virus. Twenty-two (22.0%) patients were confirmed JE cases and 17% had parasitic or bacteriological aetiology. The remaining 61 cases (61.0%) in which no viral aetiological agent was found were grouped as non-JE cases. Peripheral vascular failure, splenomegaly and hypotonia were distinguishing clinical features found in the non-JE patients. A high mortality of 26.5% was seen in patients with confirmed or presumptive viral encephalitis (22/83). A fatal outcome was independently associated with peripheral vascular failure and pallor at the time of admission. Early recognition of these signs may help clinicians to manage these cases. © 2012, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved.
Character association and path analysis studies for yield and yield attributes in green chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)
(Society for Plant Research, 2017) Ashish Kumar Maurya; M.L. Kushwaha; S.K. Jain; Santosh Kumar
Present investigation was carried out in spring summer season of 2014 using 30 chilli genotypes to elucidate the association of various growth, yield and quality traits to develop a reliable set of traits for indirect selection. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design using three replications. The data were observed from five randomly selected plants from each replication for thirteen quantitative traits. The genotypic coefficients were higher in the magnitudes relative to corresponding estimates of phenotypic coefficients, which indicated high heritability of the traits under study. The fruits yield per plant exhibited highly significant positive correlation with number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight and fruit body length, indicating the useful of these traits for improving upon fruit yield in chilli. Whereas it showed significantly negative correlation with days to 50 percent flowering and days to 50 percent fruiting inferred that early flowering and fruiting plants had higher yield over those having late flowering and fruiting. Path coefficient analysis revealed that the highest direct effect on fruit yield per plant was exerted by average fruit weight followed by number of fruits per plant, showing its more accountability for higher fruit yield. Therefore, it may be possible to improve fruit yield and quality by selecting the accessions on the basis of number of fruits, average fruit weight and fruit body length. © 2017, SPR, All Rights Reserved.
Characterization of Kenmotsu manifolds with a generalized symmetric metric connection
(University of Nis, 2025) Oǧuzhan Bahadır; Mohammad Nazrul Islam Khan; Santosh Kumar; Buddhadev Pal
The objective of the present findings is to analyze Kenmotsu manifolds by using (α, β) type generalized symmetric metric connection. The characterization of Kenmotsu manifold by using certain curvature properties corresponding to the generalized symmetric metric connection is investigated. In the end, an example of Kenmotsu manifold with the generalized symmetric metric connection admitting Q tensor and Weyl conformal curvature tensor is constructed by using partial differential equations. © 2025, University of Nis. All rights reserved.
Characterization of proper curves and proper helix lying on S21 (r)
(Hacettepe University, 2022) Buddhadev Pal; Santosh Kumar
In this paper, we analyse the proper curve γ(s) lying on the pseudo-sphere. We develop an orthogonal frame {V1, V2, V3 } along the proper curve, lying on pseudosphere. Next, we find the condition for γ(s) to become Vk − slant helix in Minkowski space. Moreover, we find another curve β(¯s) lying on pseudosphere or hyperbolic plane heaving V2 =¯V2 for which {¯V1,¯V2,¯V3 }, an orthogonal frame along β(¯s). Finally, we find the condition for curve γ(s) to lie in a plane. © 2022, Hacettepe University. All rights reserved.
Chemistry of clinopyroxenes from subalkaline and alkaline rocks of Phenai Mata Igneous Complex, Baroda District, Gujarat, Western India
(1996) Santosh Kumar
The predominant tholeiitic gabbro-microgranite/granophyre suite has been found in close association with subordinate alkali gabbro-syenite suite at Phenai Mata Igneous Complex (PMIC) (65 Ma). The pyroxene compositions from the selected tholeiitic and alkaline lithotypes of PMIC have been classified and compared to those from alkaline rocks of adjoining complexes. The results indicate that pyroxenes were crystallized in diverse tholeiitic and alkaline parental magmas undergoing differential oxygen fugacity (fO2) and silica activity (aSiO2). The fractionation trend of pyroxenes from tholeiitic rocks of PMIC follows the trend transitional between Ca-poor and Ca-rich augite-ferroaugite trends, though limited iron- enrichment, formed under low fO2. Whereas pyroxenes in alkaline rocks follow the Ca-rich salite-ferrosalite trend at relatively higher fO2, and can be related to those of volcanic and subvolcanic alkaline rocks of adjacent alkaline complex probably representing an analogous alkaline pulse. The pyroxenes of alkaline rocks of PMIC and adjoining area can also be distinguished from those of tholeiitic rocks, having higher Ti and Al contents. An early and strong partitioning of Cr in crystallizing diopside, magnetite and probably chromspinel of tholeiitic and alkaline parental magmas impoverished the pyroxenes (Mg/Mg+Fe′<0.700) of microgranite and syenite in this element during the late stage of crystallization.
Circular RNA and RNA binding proteins act together and regulate glioma
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Sushree Lipsa Lopamudra Dwibedy; Mandakini Singh; Smruti Rekha Biswal; Srinivasan Muthuswamy; Ajay Kumar; Santosh Kumar
Circular RNAs, abbreviated as circRNAs, are exonuclease resistant, endogenously expressed RNA, that do not code for protein, and have a circular loop like structures with covalent closure of 5′ and 3′ ends. Plentiful circRNAs are found in eukaryotes and some of them are evolutionarily conserved. They play a crucial role in diverse cellular functions like cell division, cell cycle regulation, and gene expression. Altered expression of circRNA was observed in various diseases including several cancerous conditions and neurological disorders. Glioma is basically a type of brain tumor, which originates from neuroglia cells and metastasizes to other brain tissues. Glioblastoma is the most malignant variant of this cancer with a higher mortality rate and it is less curable as compared to other cancers. Common treatments available for this disease are chemotherapy and radiotherapy. But they have side effects that they cannot differentiate between normal cells and cancerous cells. Therefore, investigating these cancerous cells at the molecular level will be a more effective way to understand glioma, owing to the specific expression patterns of proteins along with coding and non-coding RNAs. Studies found circRNAs show differential expression in glioblastoma cells and they have diverse functions at various stages and conditions of the cell. This review discusses how circRNA and protein act together and regulate the progression of glioma by directly interacting with each other or via other indirect modes of regulation. The circRNA biomarkers of glioma can be used for diagnosis purpose and interaction between circRNA and RBP play a significant role in glioma regulation and targeting these interactions may act as a possible therapeutic strategy. © 2023