Browsing by Author "Satish Kumar Sanwal"

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Breeding strategies for improved multistress-resilient crops
(Springer Nature, 2025) B. M. Lokeshkumar; Sanchika Snehi; Krishanu; S. Dasaratha Kumar; Kuram Tirumala Ravikiran; Rahul Kumar; Mukesh Choudhary; Suneetha Kota; Arvind Kumar; Anita Mann; Satish Kumar Sanwal; Nitish Ranjan Prakash
Multiple stresses including abiotic and biotic, affecting crop plants are more common nowadays in the era of climate change. These stresses include several abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, cold, heat, mineral deficiency, mineral toxicity, and waterlogging and biotic stresses such as diseases, pests, insects, and weeds. Breeding suitable cultivars with the capacity to endure multiple stresses are need of the hour. The approaches in the past were conventional pedigree-based selection, backcross-assisted introgression and transfer, and recombination breeding. However, in the recent past, the marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB) approach has been used successfully to transfer multiple abiotic and biotic stress-tolerant oligogenic/major QTLs from donor genotypes into elite lines. Presently, with the advent of robust and cheaper genotyping costs, the capability to analyze big data, high computational efficiency, and the use of rapid generation techniques (Speed Breeding), genomic selection has emerged as a major player in breeding. Genomic selection breeding pipelines are very robust in predicting the performance of genotypes. The present chapter summarizes a thorough understanding of conventional and molecular breeding approaches to develop multistress-tolerant crop varieties. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. All rights reserved.
Discerning Genes to Deliver Varieties: Enhancing Vegetative- and Reproductive-Stage Flooding Tolerance in Rice
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Sanchika Snehi; K. T. Ravi Kiran; Sanket R. Rathi; Sameer Upadhyay; Suneetha Kota; Satish Kumar Sanwal; B. M. Lokeshkumar; Arun Balasubramaniam; Nitish Ranjan Prakash; Pawan Kumar Singh
Flooding in rice fields, especially in coastal regions and low-lying river basins, causes significant devastation to crops. Rice is highly susceptible to prolonged flooding, with a drastic decline in yields if inundation persists for more than 7 d, especially during the reproductive stage. Although the SUB1 QTL, which confers tolerance to complete submergence during the vegetative stage, has been incorporated into breeding programs, the development of alternative sources is crucial. These alternatives would broaden the genetic base, mitigate the influence of the genomic background, and extend the efficacy of SUB1 QTL to withstand longer submergence periods (up to approximately 21 d). Contemporary breeding strategies predominantly target submergence stress at the vegetative stage. However, stagnant flooding (partial submergence of vegetative parts) during the reproductive phase inflicts severe damage on the rice crop, leading to reduced yields, heightened susceptibility to pests and diseases, lodging, and inferior grain quality. The ability to tolerate stagnant flooding can be ascribed to several adaptive traits: accelerated aerenchyma formation, efficient underwater photosynthesis, reduced radial oxygen loss in submerged tissues, reinforced culms, enhanced reactive oxygen species scavenging within cells, dehydration tolerance post-flooding, and resistance to pests and diseases. A thorough investigation of the genetics underlying these traits, coupled with the integration of key alleles into elite genetic backgrounds, can significantly enhance food and income security in flood-prone rice-growing regions, particularly in coastal high-rainfall areas and low-lying river basins. This review aims to delineate an innovative breeding strategy that employs genomic, phenomic, and traditional breeding methodologies to develop rice varieties resilient to various dimensions of flooding stress at both the vegetative and reproductive stages. © 2025 China National Rice Research Institute
QTL-Meta-analysis and Candidate Gene(s) for Anaerobic Germination Potential in Rice
(Springer, 2025) Sanchika Snehi; Pawan Kumar Singh; R. Beena; Suneetha Kota; Satish Kumar Sanwal; Kajal T.Ravi Kiran; Chandrappa Anilkumar; Krishnendu Chattopadhyay; Nitish Ranjan Prakash; Rameswar Prasad Sah
Anaerobic germination (also known as germination stage oxygen deficiency) tolerance is an important trait for tailoring direct-seeded rice varieties. In the present study, a meta-analysis of QTLs governing anaerobic germination we identified 21 Meta-QTLs with < 1 cM (~ 250 kb) confidence interval, 10 with 1–4 cM (~ 250–1000 kb), and 15 with > 4 cM (> 1000 kb). Gene ontology (GO) analysis identified trehalose biosynthetic process (GO: 0005992), negative regulation of translation (GO: 0017148), protein and amino acid phosphorylation (GO: 0006468), cation transport activity (GO: 0006812), ATP binding (GO: 0005524), inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity (GO: 0022890), protein serine/threonine kinase activity (GO: 0004674), rRNA N-glycosylase activity (GO: 0030598), and nucleoside-triphosphatase activity (GO: 0017111) as significant. We identified 56 differentially expressed genes (21 Meta-QTLs) and designated 13 candidates based on molecular functions and gene ontology. Genes Os02g0304900, Os01g0568400, and Os01g0566500 encode proteins in abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism and signaling pathway which is essential in signaling-, response-, and management of hypoxic stress during anaerobic germination. Another candidate Auxin-responsive SAUR protein influences the auxin distribution within tissues to regulate the coleoptile elongation, possibly in coordination with another gene OsNAC024 maintaining ROS activity in anaerobic germination response. Other probable genes act as a positive regulator of amylase (Os03g0665200), enhance proline content, lower hydrogen peroxide levels, and increase antioxidant enzyme activities (Os01g0568400), lipid transfer, metabolism, and storage (Os04g0554800; Os08g0131300), and in sugar signaling. These candidates can be validated in independent populations and targeted for haplotype-based genomic and marker-assisted breeding for direct-seeded rice. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.