Browsing by Author "Satyam Raj"

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Assessment of Trend for Area, Production, Productivity and Post-harvest losses of Onion and Potato in Uttar Pradesh, India
(AESSRA, 2024) Preeti Lata Singh; P.K. Singh; O.P. Singh; Shiva Seth; Debashish Kumar; Satyam Raj
Uttar Pradesh is the major producer of horticultural crops, especially vegetables. The study was carried out to evaluate the trends in area, production, and productivity of onion and potato farming. This analysis was based on secondary data collected from 2001-2002 through 2021-2022. The study period was split into two sub-periods: period-I (2001-2010), period-II (2011-2022), and the overall period (2001-2022). The compound growth rate of area, production, and productivity was analysed at the national level as well as for Uttar Pradesh. It was found that in India, the growth rates in area, production, and productivity for onion was 6.84, 9.57, and 2.55 percent respectively and for Potato it was 3.23, 4.85 and 1.57 percent respectively. The CAGR of area, production & productivity of Onion in Uttar Pradesh for onion was 0.83, 2.91, and 2.04 percent respectively and for potato it was 2.29, 2.90 and 0.60 percent respectively. At farm level, total post-harvest loss for potato and onion was 7.84 and 6.98 kg/qt respectively. © 2024 AESSRA. All rights reserved.
Economic Analysis of Paddy Cultivation in Kapilvastu District of Nepal
(Agri Bio Research Publishers, 2024) P.K. Singh; O.P. Singh; Sipora Mahto; Satyam Raj
Rice is the staple food in Nepal being the major source of livelihood and income for around 2/3rd of the farm households. The present study was carried out in wards 5 and 6 of Kapilvastu district of Nepal to estimate the cost and returns from the cultivation of paddy, resource use efficiency and to know the major input constraints perceived by the paddy growers. The primary data were collected through household survey using interview schedule. The cost of cultivation per hectare for paddy was found to be Nepali Rupees (NRs) 140233.91 (INR 87646.19) and the gross and net returns were NRs 158163 (INR 98851.87) and NRs 17929.09 (INR 11205.68), respectively. The benefit-cost ratio was found to be 1.13. This showed that paddy farming was profitable in the study area. The resource use efficiency analysis showed that expenditure on seed, irrigation and fertilizer had significant impact on the total return from the cultivation of paddy. A unit increase in the expenditure on seed, fertilizer and irrigation would result into-6.62, 7.23 and 10.35 unit increase in total returns from paddy cultivation. Analysis of constraints was done using Garret’s ranking technique which showed that high seed and fertilizer costs were the major input constraints followed by high labour cost, timely unavailability of fertilizer, timely unavailability of labour, fluctuating market prices of inputs and timely unavailability of seeds. It was suggested that subsidy should be given on seed and fertilizer and it should be made available on time. Similarly, farmers should be encouraged to cultivate crops that give high returns. © 2024, Agri Bio Research Publishers. All rights reserved.
Isolation and identification of Rhizospheric and Endophytic Bacteria from Cucumber plants irrigated with wastewater: Exploring their roles in plant growth promotion and disease suppression
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Kumar Shreshtha; Satyam Raj; Arun Kumar Pal; Pooja Tripathi; Krishna Kumar Choudhary; Debasis Mitra; Anju Rani; Sergio de los Santos-Villalobos; Vijay Tripathi
Wastewater contains various emerging contaminants, including heavy metals, residues of pesticides, and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, irrigation with wastewater can enhance heavy metal contamination in soil and adversely affect plant growth. To mitigate this problem, plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) can improve plant growth under heavy metal stress. This study aimed to isolate and characterize rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria from the rhizosphere soil and roots of a cucumber plant irrigated with municipal wastewater. A total of 121 morphologically distinct bacterial isolates from the rhizosphere and 90 bacterial isolates from the endophytic region were isolated and tested for heavy metal resistance and in vitro plant growth-promoting characteristics, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, phosphate solubilization, Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) production, and siderophore production. Most of the bacteria analyzed from the rhizospheric and endophytic regions showed various plant growth-promoting characteristics and were tolerant to different heavy metals at various concentrations. Bacterial strains R1 (Proteus sp.) and E2 (Bacillus sp.) were antagonistic to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici. Wastewater irrigation increases heavy metal-resistant bacteria in cucumber plants, which can alleviate heavy metal stress. Additionally, Proteus sp. and Bacillus sp. isolates are potential candidates for removing heavy metal-contaminated soil and could be potential biofertilizer candidates for selected plants and biocontrol agents. © 2024 The Author(s)