Browsing by Author "Shah Fahad"

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Beneficial elements: New Players in improving nutrient use efficiency and abiotic stress tolerance
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Rajesh Kumar Singhal; Shah Fahad; Pawan Kumar; Prince Choyal; Talha Javed; Dinesh Jinger; Prabha Singh; Debanjana Saha; Prathibha Md; Bandana Bose; H. Akash; N.K. Gupta; Rekha Sodani; Devanshu Dev; Dalpat Lal Suthar; Ke Liu; Matthew Tom Harrison; Shah Saud; Adnan Noor Shah; Taufiq Nawaz
Plant requires seventeen essential mineral elements for proper growth and functioning classified as macro and micro-nutrients. Apart from these, cerium (Ce), cobalt (Co), iodine (I), aluminum (Al), selenium (Se), sodium (Na), lanthanum (La), silicon (Si), titanium (Ti), and vanadium (V) are evolving as pivotal bio-stimulants in plant growth and providing stress tolerance. Although, they are not mandatory for all plants directly but when they are supplemented, promote the plant growth positively and simulate multiple abiotic and biotic stresses tolerance. Though, these elements have crucial role in plant growth, still obscurethe uptake, transport and molecular understanding as much of macro and micronutrients. However, in recent years scientists are giving more emphasis to explore their mechanisms associated with enhancing antioxidant defense, stress responsive proteins accumulation, and transcription factors under variety of stresses. Likely, they are also crosstalk with other essential elements and plant growth regulators (PGRs) (salicylic acid, SA; jasmonic acid, JA), which is crucial for signaling network perception and regulate plant growth. Recent technologies developed in the field of nanotechnology assist in the further understanding of their uptake, transport and functions at cellular level andoptimizing their concentrations for better plant growth. Bio-fortification of crops with beneficial elements provides some cues regarding their importance in plant growth and also in human balance nutrition. To considering the importance of these compound, this review aimed to explore the uptake and transport mechanisms of beneficial elements and their function in plant development. Consequently, we pinpoint the crosstalk’s between PGRs and other mineral elements, which advance their crucial role during plant mineral nutrition and growth signaling. At the end, this review focused on the crucial role and mechanisms associated with these elements under multiple abiotic stresses that open exciting avanues in several directions related to crop stress breeding program. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Carbon mineralization rates and kinetics of surface-applied and incorporated rice and maize residues in entisol and inceptisol soil types
(MDPI, 2021) S. Rakesh; Deepranjan Sarkar; Abhas Kumar Sinha; Shikha; Prabir Mukhopadhyay; Subhan Danish; Shah Fahad; Rahul Datta
Mineralization of carbon (C) is a burning issue that is regulated by soil attributes. It has direct impacts on crop productivity and quantification of organic residues addition in soil. For better understanding and achievement of potential tillage benefits, a comprehensive scientific understanding of C mineralization is very important. Therefore, a laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the C mineralization rates and kinetics of crop residues (rice and maize) when applied on the surface (as zero-tillage, ZT) and incorporation (as conventional tillage, CT) in four different soil types (S1 and S2 of Entisol; S3 and S4 of Inceptisols) of West Bengal state, India. Results showed that after 7 days of incubation, there was a rapid phase of decrease in CO2-C. It continued up to day 14 followed by a sluggish nature of CO2 emission up to day-42, and after that almost levelling off in all subsequent periods up to the end of 126 days of incubation. It was evident from the kinetic models that C mineralization from the residues followed the exponential model: C = C0 (1 − e−kt ). Similar rate constant (k) values were recorded in both placement methods, but the rate of maximum potential mineralizable (C0k) residue C was higher under residue incorporation treatments for both rice and maize residue. However, the rice and maize residues showed almost similar amounts of C mineralized over time when applied on the surface. The future prediction analysis using the equation C = C0 X e−kt suggested that the residues incorporated into the soil release a maximum C irrespective of residue type. We conclude that the residues when incorporated into the soil significantly increase the C footprints through maximum C mineralization; leaving the crop residues on the soil surface reduces the C footprints which helps in achieving sustainability from an environmental perspective. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Consequences of Salinity Stress on the Quality of Crops and Its Mitigation Strategies for Sustainable Crop Production: An Outlook of Arid and Semi-arid Regions
(Springer International Publishing, 2020) Ayman El Sabagh; Akbar Hossain; Celaleddin Barutçular; Muhammad Aamir Iqbal; M. Sohidul Islam; Shah Fahad; Oksana Sytar; Fatih Çiğ; Ram Swaroop Meena; Murat Erman
One of the key tasks of the Sustainable Development Goals connected to Agriculture, Safety and nutritional quality of food is to raise crop production per unit area without compromising the sustainability of agricultural resources and environmental security. Along with environmental constraints, soil salinization has become one of the major threats that restricts agricultural potential and is closely related to mishandling of agricultural resources and overexploitation of water resources, particularly in arid regions. The effect of salinity on the quality of various agricultural crops has not yet been much explored. Presently, this information is very important due to the increasing use of saline water for irrigation worldwide which has given rise to as soil salinity has become a critical around the world and the situation has been worsening over the last 20 years in arid and semi-arid regions particularly in Mediterranean area. Salinity stress significantly affect the nutritional properties and quality traits of crops due to physiological and biochemical alterations in plants at different growth stage. During salinity stress, plants tend to activate different physiological and biochemical mechanisms to cope with the stress through altering their morphology, anatomy, water relations, photosynthesis, protein synthesis, primary and secondary metabolism and biochemical adaptations such as the antioxidative metabolism response. Therefore, it is important for breeders and producers to understand the influence of salinity on the composition of crops, for improvement of protein and oil quality (amino and fatty acid) under the salinity conditions. The aims of present review is to quantify the adverse effects of salinity on quality parameters of crops and management approaches for ameliorating the adverse effects of salinity stress to enhance the yield and grain quality of crops. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.
Drought and salinity stresses in barley: Consequences and mitigation strategies
(Southern Cross Publishing, 2019) Ayman El Sabagh; Akbar Hossain; Md. Shohidul Islam; Celaleddin Barutcular; Saddam Hussain; Mirza Hasanuzzaman; Tauseef Akram; Muhammad Mubeen; Wajid Nasim; Shah Fahad; Narendra Kumar; Ram Swaroop Meena; Ferhat Kizilgeçi; Mehmet Yildirim; Disna Ratnasekera; Hirofumi Saneoka
Recent trends show reductions in crop productivity worldwide due to severe climatic change. Different abiotic stresses significantly affect the growth and development of plants, leading to decreased crop yields. Salinity and drought stresses are the most common abiotic stresses, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, and are major constraints for barley production. The present review attempts to provide comprehensive information related to barley plant responses and adaptations to drought and salinity stresses, including physiological and agronomic, in order to alleviate the adverse effect of stresses in barley. These stresses reduce assimilation rates, as they decrease stomatal conductance, disrupt photosynthetic pigments, reduce gas exchange, enhance production of reactive oxygen species, and lead to decreased plant growth and productivity. This review focuses on the strategies plants use to respond and adapt to drought and salinity stress. Plants utilize a range of physiological and biochemical mechanisms such as adaptation strategies, through which the adverse effects can be mitigated. These include soil management practices, crop establishment, as well as foliar application of anti-oxidants and growth regulators that maintain an appropriate level of water in the leaves to facilitate adjustment of osmotic and stomatal performance. The present review highlighted the adverse effect of drought and salinity stresses barley and their mitigation strategies for sustainable barley production under changing climate. They review also underscored that exogenous application of different antioxidants could play a significant role in the alleviation of salinity and drought stress in plant systems. © 2007-2019 Southern Cross Publishing-Australia.
Glomalin: A Key Indicator for Soil Carbon Stabilization
(Springer Nature, 2021) Jiri Holatko; Jitka Prichystalova; Tereza Hammerschmiedt; Rahul Datta; Ram Swaroop Meena; Marek Sudoma; Vaclav Pecina; Jakub Elbl; Antonin Kintl; Jiri Kucerik; Subhan Danish; Shah Fahad; Oldrich Latal; Martin Brtnicky
In the last decades, many studies were addressed focusing on soil protection that helps sequestration and stabilization of organic carbon in soil aggregates. Soil aggregates are an association of primary soil particles, bacteria, fungi, plant root and soil organic matter. Plant root provides a carbon source for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) present in soil aggregates. AMF produces a glycoprotein glomalin which is hydrophobic, insoluble, and recalcitrant in nature. Glomalin plays a vital role in the stabilization of soil aggregates. Greater stability of soil aggregates leads to a larger amount of protected organic carbon in the soil. Thus, glomalin-related soil protein can be considered as a potential contributor in the stabilization of soil organic carbon. In the present chapter, the different aspects of glomalin composition, production, role in soil, recalcitrant nature, potential role in soil carbon locking up and stabilization are summarized and discussed. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.
Nitrogen Fixation of Legumes Under the Family Fabaceae: Adverse Effect of Abiotic Stresses and Mitigation Strategies
(Springer Singapore, 2020) Ayman El Sabagh; Akbar Hossain; M. Sohidul Islam; Shah Fahad; Disna Ratnasekera; Ram Swaroop Meena; Allah Wasaya; Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir; Muhammad Ikram; Muhammad Mubeen; Maham Fatima; Wajid Nasim; Arzu Çığ; Fatih Çığ; Murat Erman; Mirza Hasanuzzaman
Nitrogen (N) is an essential element of the building blocks of almost all plant structures and a vital component of chlorophyll, enzymes, and proteins. It is used in relatively large amounts than other plant nutrients. Therefore, N has been recognized as the most limiting nutrient in crop production systems. Several transformation processes are involved in the nitrogen cycle. Among them, biological nitrogen fixation is an environmentally friendly natural resource for sustainable agricultural systems. Recently, the reports directed to a decrease in agricultural dependence on symbiotic nitrogen fixation due to abiotic stresses. Therefore, abiotic stresses are a topic that increasingly occupies the attention of the world is still a matter of debate. Although physiological mechanisms are affected in more intense abiotic stresses, most research efforts have focused on the study of these processes. In legume plants being grown under symbiotic conditions, one of the primary effects of abiotic stresses is a decline in the rates of symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). In the present chapter, we summarize our current understanding of the factors that are affected by SNF in legumes. Finally, an overview of the available resources and applications of the physiological system for understanding the complex responses of legumes to abiotic stresses is provided. The overall conclusion was that all physiological mechanisms are important in understanding the regulation of N2 fixation and its response to abiotic stresses. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.
Optimizing nutrient use efficiency, productivity, energetics, and economics of red cabbage following mineral fertilization and biopriming with compatible rhizosphere microbes
(Nature Research, 2021) Deepranjan Sarkar; Ardith Sankar; O. Siva Devika; Sonam Singh; Shikha; Manoj Parihar; Amitava Rakshit; R.Z. Sayyed; Abdul Gafur; Mohammad Javed Ansari; Subhan Danish; Shah Fahad; Rahul Datta
Conventional agricultural practices and rising energy crisis create a question about the sustainability of the present-day food production system. Nutrient exhaustive crops can have a severe impact on native soil fertility by causing nutrient mining. In this backdrop, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of bio-priming intervention in red cabbage production considering nutrient uptake, the annual change in soil fertility, nutrient use efficiency, energy budgeting, and economic benefits for its sustainable intensification, among resource-poor farmers of Middle Gangetic Plains. The compatible microbial agents used in the study include Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Bacillus subtilis. Field assays (2016–2017 and 2017–2018) of the present study revealed supplementing 75% of recommended NPK fertilizer with dual inoculation of T. harzianum and P. fluorescens increased macronutrient uptake (N, P, and K), root length, heading percentage, head diameter, head weight, and the total weight of red cabbage along with a positive annual change in soil organic carbon. Maximum positive annual change in available N and available P was recorded under 75% RDF + P. fluorescens + B. subtilis and 75% RDF + T. harzianum + B. subtilis, respectively. Bio-primed plants were also higher in terms of growth and nutrient use efficiency (agronomic efficiency, physiological efficiency, apparent recovery efficiency, partial factor productivity). Energy output (26,370 and 26,630 MJ ha−1), energy balance (13,643 and 13,903 MJ ha−1), maximum gross return (US $ 16,030 and 13,877 ha−1), and net return (US $ 15,966 and 13,813 ha−1) were considerably higher in T. harzianum, and P. fluorescens treated plants. The results suggest the significance of the bio-priming approach under existing integrated nutrient management strategies and the role of dual inoculations in producing synergistic effects on plant growth and maintaining the soil, food, and energy nexus. © 2021, The Author(s).