Browsing by Author "Shailesh K. Vishwakarma"

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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) as Potential Biocontrol Agents
(Springer, 2022) Shailesh K. Vishwakarma; Talat Ilyas; Deepti Malviya; Zaryab Shafi; Mohammad Shahid; Bavita Yadav; Udai B. Singh; Jai P. Rai; H.B. Singh; Harsh V. Singh
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) belong to the phylum Glomeromycota and form a symbiotic relationship with more than 80% of land plants. They are beneficial for plants in many ways and extensively researched for their potential as biocontrol agents (BCA). First, we outline the origin of the concept, taxonomy and ecological distribution of AMF. Afterwards, current concepts of AMF as BCA against different types of plant pathogens and pests, e.g. nematode, fungi, bacteria, virus and insect along with their mode of action and mechanisms and factors regulating the effects and biochemical and molecular mechanism that regulates plant response to a pathogen, are presented. We further discuss key findings about AMF as BCA. Finally, the best approaches to incorporate this knowledge into sustainable agriculture, as well as the possible benefits of AM, are compiled. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
Bacillus spp.: Nature’s Gift to Agriculture and Humankind
(Springer, 2024) Shailesh K. Vishwakarma; Talat Ilyas; Mohammad Shahid; Deepti Malviya; Sumit Kumar; Sachidanand Singh; Parul Johri; Udai B. Singh; Harsh V. Singh
The productivity of crops is heavily depending on microbial communities present in rhizospheric soil; within the last few decades, PGPR has emerged as significant and promising tools for the sustainable agriculture practices. PGPR related to Bacillus spp. as symbiotic with plant roots or free-living in rhizosphere contribute significantly to the viability, development, and yield of plants under biotic and abiotic challenges. The Bacillus species are rod-shaped, Gram-positive, endosporic, aerobic, or facultative anaerobic and ubiquitous in nature. Many Bacillus species, e.g., B. megaterium, B. circulans, B. coagulans, B. subtilis, B. azotofixans, B. macerans, B. velezensis, etc. are extensively researched for their PGPR actions. Enhancement of nutrient uptake (N, P, K, and other vital minerals) and regulation of plant hormones are direct actions of PGPR, while promoting plant growth by inhibiting plant pathogen and induction of ISR are indirect actions of PGPR. The genus Bacillus holds largest share in microbe-based agricultural and commercial products. Due to the greater efficacy of production of metabolites and spore-forming nature of Bacillus spp., which increases the life span of cells in commercially manufactured products, Bacillus-based biofertilizers are more active than Pseudomonas-based formulations. The Bacillus species are frequently regarded as an ideal candidate for bioformulations because of their rapid growth, ease of handling, and better colonizing abilities. The Bacillus-based bioformulations for broad-spectrum application against several biotic and abiotic issues are also addressed. In this chapter we will discuss about the mechanism of Bacillus-mediated crop protection and their wide application. PGPR traits of Bacillus are discussed in terms of nutrient uptake, siderophore production, stimulation and production of phytohormone and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), antimicrobial compounds, CRY proteins, and abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. Induction of induced systemic resistance (ISR) in Bacillus inoculated plants and its molecular mechanism is also discussed in this chapter. Bacillus-mediated abiotic and biotic stress tolerance in different host, possible mechanisms, and their effects are also discussed. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Biochar-Mediated Suppression of Soil-Borne Pathogens in Agronomically Important Crops: An Outlook
(Springer Nature, 2023) Talat Ilyas; Deepti Malviya; Zaryab Shafi; Mohammad Shahid; Shailesh K. Vishwakarma; Bavita Yadav; Udai B. Singh; Jai P. Rai; Harikesh Bahadur Singh; Harsh V. Singh
Biochar is solid produce acquired by the heating of biological or carbon-based material in the complete or fractional presence of oxygen and is used as a soil amendment. The numerous valuable properties of biochar on the physical, biological, and chemical properties of soil as well as on plant condition and improvement are extensively acknowledged. The amendment of biochar has also been frequently debated for its properties of suppression of diseases. Nevertheless, the principal mechanisms for these properties are extremely complex and generally unidentified. It is anticipated that the composition of plant root exudate that alters the biochemical and microbial properties in the soil and the stimulation of defense mechanisms of plants due to the amendments of biochar are some critical reasons influencing pathogenic dominance. Further comprehensive studies are required for understanding the detailed connections of plant-pathogen coordination with various types of biochar that will support accomplishing maximum aid of biochar addition for the protection of plants from numerous soil-borne pathogens. In this chapter, the perspective of biochar for the regulation of pathogenic diseases is discussed, specifically the communications with plant pathogenic fungi under contradictory environmental circumstances. It is concluded that the amendment of biochar with soil could be an encouraging approach for the combined management of pests and pathogens. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.
Engineering the Plant Microbiome for Biotic Stress Tolerance: Biotechnological Advances
(Springer, 2022) Deepti Malviya; Talat Ilyas; Rajan Chaurasia; Udai B. Singh; Mohammad Shahid; Shailesh K. Vishwakarma; Zaryab Shafi; Bavita Yadav; Sushil K. Sharma; Harsh V. Singh
The transformation of rhizosphere microbiota is essentially the result of a series of events that can enhance the formation of constant and different microbial associations in the plant microbiome/holobiome based on supportive information/communications. Beneficial microbial communities act as influential identities for the elevation of ecological stresses in plants and ultimately decrease the usage of fertilizer and pesticides in order to increase the crop yield. Microbiome has the capability to stimulate the growth of plants, develop resistance to stress, and enhance the health of plants. To accomplish these objectives, it is essential to learn more about the relationship between plant, microbiome, microbial community present in soil, and their resilience to environmental changes. The information acquired will help in understanding the effect of these microorganisms on the biotic resistance, biogeochemical cycles, and productivity of the crops. A comprehensive understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying stress-induced microbiome modifications would also allow for the development of personalized DefenseBiomes and chemicals in order to combat with crop stresses. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
Exploring the Potentiality of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as a Prominent Biocontrol Agent: A Comprehensive Overview
(Springer, 2024) Talat Ilyas; Shailesh K. Vishwakarma; Mohammad Shahid; Deepti Malviya; Sumit Kumar; Sachidanand Singh; Parul Johri; Udai B. Singh; Harsh V. Singh
One of the most potential bacteria for plant growth promotion with minimal adverse reactions is Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The plant growth-promoting (PGP) mechanisms of B. amyloliquefaciens have received a great deal of attention since it is a highly effective biofertiliser and biocontrol agent in agriculture. In this work, we studied B. amyloliquefaciens’s PGP processes as well as the present restrictions on its use in agriculture. Primarily, B. amyloliquefaciens can increase the availability of soil nutrients by increasing the delivery of nitrogen, solubilisation of potassium and phosphate, and the production of siderophores. Subsequently, B. amyloliquefaciens can alter the soil microbial community by increasing the accessibility of minerals and enhancing the environment for plant growth. Additionally, B. amyloliquefaciens can also emit hormones and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) linked to plant cell proliferation and root development, which would enhance plants’ ability to absorb nutrients. B. amyloliquefaciens can also help in increasing the plant resistance to biotic stressors caused by soil pathogens by competing for nutrients and functions, creating compounds such cyclic lipopeptides and VOCs that directly combat pathogens and system resistance in the plants. Similar to this, B. amyloliquefaciens inoculation can stimulate plant growth by altering the host plant’s genetic makeup, chemistry, and physical structure to make it more resilient to abiotic stressors. It is additionally suggested that in future research, greater attention should be made to nitrogen absorption processes of plants using improved methodologies in varied soil conditions and locations. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Microbial Management of Fusarium Wilt in Banana: A Comprehensive Overview
(Springer Nature, 2023) Zaryab Shafi; Talat Ilyas; Mohammad Shahid; Shailesh K. Vishwakarma; Deepti Malviya; Bavita Yadav; Pramod K. Sahu; Udai B. Singh; Jai P. Rai; Harikesh Bahadur Singh; Harsh V. Singh
Globally, the production of bananas (Musa sp. L.) often suffers from various environmental challenges. Among them, biotic stress-induced disease caused by phytopathogenic soil microorganisms is the most threatening factor. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Foc Tropical Race 4 (Foc-TR4) is an important soilborne fungus triggering the severe disease, Fusarium wilt (Panama disease) in bananas. Following infection in a wide variety of bananas, strain Foc-TR4 harshly reduced their cultivation. Herein, we have summarized the present scenario of Fusarium wilt disease. Numerous challenges have been proposed by researchers to control the Panama disease as well as to improve banana production. Primarily aiming at increasing disease tolerance to bananas and improving their cultivation, various management strategies like crop rotation, burning of rice husks, biological soil disinfection, and use of chemical fungicides have been developed. However, these chemical and cultural practices have several drawbacks and therefore not often used. Plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacteria offer one of the most environmentally friendly, effective, safe, and economically sound solution to combat the Panama disease. Apart from growth promotion, this PGPR prevents phyto-pathogen-induced diseases. The recent chapter highlights the utilization of beneficial and antagonistic PGPR and their efficacy against diseases, and bacterial-mediated mechanisms involved in managing Panama disease. Induced systemic resistance (ISR), production of antibiotics, extracellular enzymes, cyanogenic compounds, siderophores, and other antifungal metabolites are the main mechanisms involved in PGPR-induced disease suppression. It will be possible to build or select sustainable management techniques to prevent or aid to minimize Fusarium wilt incidence in banana plantations using the scientific knowledge gathered in this research. The use of indigenous PGP rhizobacteria in plant disease control is gaining popularity as environmental and health concerns underscore the need for a more sustainable agriculture system. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.