Browsing by Author "Shailesh Kumar Yadav"

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Agroecology Towards Environmental Sustainability
(Springer Singapore, 2021) Shailesh Kumar Yadav; Arnab Banerjee; Manoj Kumar Jhariya; Abhishek Raj; Nahid Khan; Ram Swaroop Meena; Sandeep Kumar
Agroecology refers to the process based on ecological principles to be applied in the agroecosystem for effective soil management and gain sustainable yield. The scientific application leads to a diversified agroecosystem which addresses the issue of environmental sustainability. It also focuses on various ecosystemservices in the form of maintaining soil fertility, proper biogeochemical cycling, and proper nutrient exchange between crop and soil ecosystem. The process ncludes an integrated approach with diversified crops and animal husbandry practices all at a time. Thus, it would be successful to address the issue of food security, crisis, and help to build up climate-resilient agroecosystem. Agroecosystem is also helpful in terms of maintaining a daily livelihood, production of fuel, fodder, food for rural stakeholders, and socioeconomic well-being of people across the globe. Thus, agroecological addresses the sustainable agriculture practice on a large scale to promote eco-friendly, self-sustaining agriculture practices. The aim of this article is to reflect an all-round aspect of agroecologyn along with its roadmap towards environmental sustainability. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.
Agroecosystem Service Management and Environmental Sustainability
(Springer Singapore, 2021) Abhishek Raj; Manoj Kumar Jhariya; Arnab Banerjee; Nahid Khan; Ram Swaroop Meena; Prabhat Ranjan Oraon; Shailesh Kumar Yadav
Agroecosystem means improving the agricultural ecosystem by human-induced management of trees, crops, and livestock in any land use system. Resource conservations, soil health management, minimizing environmental footprints, and climate change mitigation are key services through a healthy agroecosystem. Food demands due to burgeoning populations necessitated agricultural land expansion and intensive agricultural practices. Conversion of forest and other land use systems into agricultural land induces land degradation and leads to an increase in environmental footprints. Deforestation and other unsustainable land use practices ensure soil degradation and environmental pollutions. These unscientific and intensive agroecosystem practices lead to GHG emissions into the atmosphere causes carbon footprints. Thus, strategies for enhancing food production along with maintaining environmental health and quality are a smart choice of the modern day. High synthetic inputs and heavy mechanizations ensure higher production but at the cost of environmental health. Agroecosystem land expansionand practices affect other land use systems and related ecological services. These harsh and unscientific practices affect soil-food-climate security at a global scale. Thus, applying ecology-oriented sustainable agroecosystem practices ensures environmental sustainability and ecological stability. A sustainable modeling of agroecosystem will enhance biodiversity that intensifies uncountable ecosystem services. Agriculture, agroforestry, forestry, rangeland, etc. are different land use practices that build our sustainable environment. Applying eco-modeling and sustainable agroecosystem practices ensure higher production and profitability along with a healthy ecosystem. Climate-resilient agroecosystem practices and their ecological modeling enhance plant biomass productivity and soil health maintenance. These practices ensure soil fertility, higher SOC pools, healthy rhizosphere biology, and microbial populations on which entire biodiversitydepends. Thus, maintaining a healthy and productive agroecosystem is the pillar of a sustainable environment that ensure a healthier world. In lieu of the above, this chapter represents the potential, perspective, and management of the agroecosystem. A principle and practices of sustainable-based agroecosystem are also discussed. A rigorous discussion is also made on climate-resilient agroecosystem practices and modeling for minimizing carbon footprint to ensure environmental sustainability at a global scale. A bit of discussion on soil-foodclimate security through agroecosystem management makes this chapter more informative for policy makers worldwide. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.
Agroforestry a model for ecological sustainability
(Elsevier, 2021) Abhishek Raj; Manoj Kumar Jhariya; Arnab Banerjee; Ram Swaroop Meena; Sharad Nema; Nahid Khan; Shailesh Kumar Yadav; Gourisankar Pradhan
The success stories of agroforestry systems (AFS) are prevalent in the tropical regions due to its multifarious ecosystem services that resulted into climate and food security along with socioeconomic development of poor farmers. The existence and progressive development of AFS is quite linked with scientific-based practices and management of different models in the varying regions and localities that tells a story about tree crop interaction and makes synergies among soil nutrients loads, perennial trees, herbaceous crops, and livestocks. Overall, a healthy relationship among various components of agroforestry models will be helpful for farmers both in terms of economic benefits along with better ecosystem structure and its services. No doubt, agroforestry practices (AFP) is socially acceptable, economically viable and ecologically sound but their scientific-based management practices are still required for making the consistency of models for long term basis in future that is directly linked with farmers rejoice. However, the scope and potential of AFS are inevitable due to its wide adoptability and spreading capacity in various regions of the tropics such as Asia, Africa, and European countries. Carbon (C) storage and sequestration by tree in agroforestry are the greatest phenomenon that helps in mitigating changing climate and global warming that promotes environmental security and ecological sustainability along with enhancing wood biomass for satisfying people’s basic need and national demand. World Agroforestry (ICRAF) mentioned that tropical AFS has a capacity to sequestered between 12 and 228 Mg/ha of C and according to this approximate 1.1-2.2 Pg C could be stored in terrestrial ecosystems up to coming 50 years by the AFS in areas of 585-1215 × 106 ha of the total earth surface. Thus, sustainable practices of agroforestry model not only help in enhancing the forest cover in the current era of ongoing forest degradation but also promote better ecosystem by enhancing soil fertility, efficient nutrient cycling, balancing C between environment and different models, and promoting biodiversity along with food and environmental security. In this context, this chapter presents the potential of agroforestry and its ecosystem services that help in maintaining ecological sustainability at global level. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.
Agroforestry and Its Services for Soil Management and Sustainability
(Springer Singapore, 2021) Nahid Khan; Manoj Kumar Jhariya; Abhishek Raj; Arnab Banerjee; Ram Swaroop Meena; Surendra Singh Bargali; Shailesh Kumar Yadav; Anita Kumawat
Agroforestry systems (AFs) ensure greater biodiversity that intensifies ecosystem services in tangible and intangible ways. Accounting ecosystem services through well-managed agroforestry systems are other important aspects of scientificstudies nowadays. AFs are an integration of trees with crops, and it also includes animal farming with the intensive land management system. In the twenty-first century, land management is one of the major challenges, and AFs have the vast potential to address and recognize these challenges as well as facilitate various services in a sustainable manner. Soil is the largest natural resource that sustains billions of life and supports a variety of flora and fauna. Agroforestry (AF) plays important role in soil health management that ensures ecological stability and environmental sustainability. In AFs interaction between aboveground and belowground components takes place which helps in improving the soil quality and provides shelter to many biota and soil organisms. Through AF soil management and conservation can be done and also the protection of agroecosystem at the regional and local level. The practices of sustainable soil management (SSM)make the pave for achieving the goal of sustainability. Thus, scientific AFs promise the SSM that enhances biodiversity through intensification of ecosystem services at the global scale. Soil fertility enhancement, better nutrient cycling, and higher resource use efficiency along with carbon sequestration for climate change mitigation are important services provided by AFs. AF also reduces carbon and environmental footprints by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and its sequestration and storage into both plants and soils. Thus, an effective policy and good governance are more important in achieving sustainability through adopting better scientific AFs in the tropical world. A future roadmap must be laid onadopting location-specific AF models for maintaining soil health and quality for a better sustainable world. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.
Climate Change Vulnerability and Agroecosystem Services
(Springer Singapore, 2021) Arnab Banerjee; Manoj Kumar Jhariya; Shailesh Kumar Yadav; Nahid Khan; Abhishek Raj; Ram Swaroop Meena; Taher Mechergui
The mega event of climatic perturbations has its severe impact on human health and also on the well-being of the global ecosystem. The major issue of changingclimate has affected various ecosystems globally in terms of acidification of oceans followed by elevated level of carbon dioxide. It has its severe impacts in various forms of habitat degeneration leading to huge loss of biodiversity. Therefore, there is an urgent need to inventory the climatic risks and its vulnerability issues and their subsequent management for developing ecosystem resiliencytoward climate change. Mitigating the changes in the climate solution based upon natural systems needs to be scientifically explored. The present chapter is an attempt to understand the climatic risks and vulnerabilities of ecosystem along with suitable strategies for the effective management of ecosystem change. The chapter concludes by finding the challenging opportunities and research initiatives toward the issue of nexus between climatic changes and ecosystem vulnerability and risks. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.
Eco-restoration of bauxite mining: An ecological approach
(Elsevier, 2021) Shailesh Kumar Yadav; Arnab Banerjee; Manoj Kumar Jhariya; Ram Swaroop Meena; Nahid Khan; Abhishek Raj
Bauxite [Al(OH)3] is a mineral that is used for the extraction of aluminum through surface mining or opencast mining. Different forms of bauxite such as mixed bauxite, karst bauxite and European type usually occur in nature. Global estimate of bauxite deposit lies between 55 and 75 billion tones with major contribution from Africa (32%). India (7.5%) holds seventh position in terms of bauxite deposition. The total land area under bauxite mining is 30 km2 across the globe per annum. Bauxite mining has got severe negative consequences in terms of air, water and soil pollution followed by forest degradation, and change in land use is a major issue. Mainpat area of Northern Chhattisgarh is one of the areas having high bauxite store of the country. Various forms of biological reclamation technologies were adopted for eco-restoration of bauxite mined wasteland. Mixed native species support the succession. This chapter is focused on the eco-restoration practices such as natural regeneration and adoption of seeding technique on large-scale basis, and plantation of fast-growing species at micro scale level is a need for eco-restoration. Species such as Prosopis juilifllora, Pongamia pinnata and Acacia nilotica were used for eco-restoration of bauxite mined wasteland. Success of restoration depends upon continuous monitoring after post mining. Maintenance of heterogeneity is the key factor of restoration. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.
Ecological wisdom for natural resources management and sustainability
(Elsevier, 2021) Abhishek Raj; Manoj Kumar Jhariya; Arnab Banerjee; Ram Swaroop Meena; Nahid Khan; Shailesh Kumar Yadav
Infinitive natural resources (NRs) are wealth of the global system to sustain the nurture and lives on the earth. NRs play a key role to maintain the structure and functions of the ecosystem and services. Sustainable management of NRs is a collective term, which represents as an essentiality to the ecosystem management, and its resilience that links with the human and animals (livestock’s) well-being, and related NR viz., forest, agriculture, agroforestry, soil quality and health, water quality and its readiness along with efficient nutrient availability and its recycling through better farming management practices. Among the all, forests itself represent as a largest NR, harboring valuable flora and fauna including many other micro- and macro-organisms, improving soil quality and health through fertility improvement, mitigating climate change, and global warming through the active absorption of carbon (C) into both vegetation and soils, respectively. Similarly, soil and water are the most important resources that are very essential for the maintaining structure and function along with yield attributes of both agricultural and agroforestry systems. For the perspective of its management, the practices of both scientific management and location specific farming practices can’t be denied and necessitate for the proper and effective utilization of resources like soil, water, nutrients, etc. Similarly, the water availability and its regulation play a key role in availability of essential nutrients to plants and maintain the soil structure and fertility through the provision of home to bacteria, fungi, protozoa, earthworms, etc. Ecological wisdom-based farming system helps in managing NR along with quality production and environmental conservation. Moreover, optimum utilization of cultivatable and forestry land helps in achieving the sustainability concept. To maximize land utilization for agriculture and its outputs that may support sustainability may be mediated by tuneful knowledge exchange among local community stakeholders towards awareness and knowledge generation from ecological perspectives among farmers and forest fringe people. Therefore, a transition from anthropocentric view towards ecology-based views must be prioritized that entails the sound partnership between nature and people through nature provides living conditions for humans by several crops, associated products, timber and nontimber forest products (NTFPs) and in turn human works for sustainability, and eco-harmony to achieve ecological wisdom. Thus, effective policies and its implementation with good governance, scientific research and development, and building effective roadmap for future strategies and ecological and local wisdom-based scientific research are effective tools for sustainable natural resource management (NRM). This chapter reviews highlighted importance of NR and its uncountable benefits to biodiversity. This chapter also highlights the ecological and environmental wisdom-based scientific practices in maintenance and sustainability of NRM through eco-friendly approaches. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.
Environmental education for sustainable development
(Elsevier, 2021) Shailesh Kumar Yadav; Arnab Banerjee; Manoj Kumar Jhariya; Ram Swaroop Meena; Abhishek Raj; Nahid Khan; Sandeep Kumar; Seema Sheoran
Environmental degradation is an alarming issue in the planet. The main reasons behind the problem are industrial revolution and population explosion and high demand of luxury items in the life. Presently, lack of proper education, awareness, knowledge and approach of people towards environment degrades the nature and its resources. Thus, sustainable development appears to be a doom stay approach for various countries across the globe. There is a need of hour to develop a strong environmental education (EE) system with the responsiveness of human towards the nature for sustainability and environmental security. United Nation and various countries are taking active steps in this aspect to develop collaboration with the society. Various initiatives in the form of awareness campaigning and community development programmes are running across various countries of the globe in this connection. This chapter focusses on the major emphasis of EE programmes towards sustainability to develop the awareness and perception on the environmental issues among the students, researcher, policymakers and society. However, success stories rely on the concept of public participation, awareness and knowledge to gain environmental security. Proper policy and planning in-terms of locality and sector-specific approaches are required very much at the present moment. Further the potential role of women along with recognizing traditional culture needs to be recognized for successful implementation of EE on the earth. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.
Riparian conservation and restoration for ecological sustainability
(Elsevier, 2021) Nahid Khan; Manoj Kumar Jhariya; Arnab Banerjee; Ram Swaroop Meena; Abhishek Raj; Shailesh Kumar Yadav
Ecosystem is under the threat of rapid degeneration across the globe. Earth is bestowed with diverse ecosystem services. Among them, some are very unique in nature and also much fragile, and leads to various types of degradation on the earth. Riparian ecosystem is one of the unique examples that sustain diverse life form and various modes of ecological services. Research reports reveal diverse ecosystem services of the riparian ecosystem that includes flood control, habitat for biodiversity, mitigation and adaptation towards climate change, as well as social and its cultural values. Considering these diversified services in the riparian ecosystem has gained sufficient importance on the earth to sustain the life. If the degradation of the earth continues, it will be harmful to the future humankind. Thus, there is need of the riparian system that will have major impacts on the hydrology and biodiversity. This chapter focuses on the issues related to worldwide initiatives towards protection and conservation of these valuable assets of nature. It is covering proper strategies and policies implementation in relation to awareness, sustainable use, as well as protection from anthropogenic encroachment that needs to be done with immediate effect. The continuous monitoring and inventorization of riparian system across the world should be centralized for future research on riparian system. The riparian systems should be on top priority for conservation and restoration of ecological sustainability. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.