Browsing by Author "Shakeel Ahmad"

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CEPC Technical Design Report: Accelerator
(Springer, 2024) Waleed Abdallah; Tiago Carlos Adorno de Freitas; Konstantin Afanaciev; Shakeel Ahmad; Ijaz Ahmed; Xiaocong Ai; Abid Aleem; Wolfgang Altmannshofer; Fabio Alves; Weiming An; Rui An; Daniele Paolo Anderle; Stefan Antusch; Yasuo Arai; Andrej Arbuzov; Abdesslam Arhrib; Mustafa Ashry; Sha Bai; Yu Bai; Yang Bai; Vipul Bairathi; Csaba Balazs; Philip Bambade; Yong Ban; Tripamo Bandyopadhyay; Shau-Shan Bao; Desmond P. Barber; Ayse Bat; Varvara Batozskaya; Subash Chandra Behera; Alexander Belyaev; Michele Bertucci; Xiao-Jun Bi; Yuanjie Bi; Tianjian Bian; Fabrizio Bianchi; Thomas Biekötter; Michela Biglietti; Shalva Bilanishvili; Deng Binglin; Denis Bodrov; Anton Bogomyagkov; Serge Bondarenko; Stewart Boogert; Maarten Boonekamp; Marcello Borri; Angelo Bosotti; Vincent Boudry; Mohammed Boukidi; Igor Boyko; Ivanka Bozovic; Giuseppe Bozzi; Jean-Claude Brient; Anastasiia Budzinskaya; Masroor Bukhari; Vladimir Bytev; Giacomo Cacciapaglia; Hua Cai; Wenyong Cai; Wujun Cai; Yijian Cai; Yizhou Cai; Yuchen Cai; Haiying Cai; Huacheng Cai; Lorenzo Calibbi; Junsong Cang; Guofu Cao; Jianshe Cao; Antoine Chance; Xuejun Chang; Yue Chang; Zhe Chang; Xinyuan Chang; Wei Chao; Auttakit Chatrabhuti; Yimin Che; Yuzhi Che; Bin Chen; Danping Chen; Fuqing Chen; Fusan Chen; Gang Chen; Guoming Chen; Hua-Xing Chen; Huirun Chen; Jinhui Chen; Ji-Yuan Chen; Kai Chen; Mali Chen; Mingjun Chen; Mingshui Chen; Ning Chen; Shanhong Chen; Shanzhen Chen; Shao-Long Chen; Shaomin Chen; Shiqiang Chen; Tianlu Chen; Wei Chen; Xiang Chen; Xiaoyu Chen; Xin Chen; Xun Chen; Xurong Chen; Ye Chen; Ying Chen; Yukai Chen; Zelin Chen; Zilin Chen; Hoping Chen; Chunhui Chen; Hok Chuen Cheng; Huajie Cheng; Shan Cheng; Tongguang Cheng; Yunlong Chi; Pietro Chimenti; Wen Han Chiu; Guk Cho; Ming-Chung Chu; Xiaotong Chu; Ziliang Chu; Guglielmo Coloretti; Andreas Crivellin; Hanhua Cui; Xiaohao Cui; Zhaoyuan Cui; Brunella D'anzi; Ling-Yun Dai; Xinchen Dai; Xuwen Dai; Antonio De Maria; Nicola De Filippis; Christophe De La Taille; Francesca De Mori; Chiara De Sio; Elisa Del Core; Shuangxue Deng; Wei-Tian Deng; Zhi Deng; Ziyan Deng; Bhupal Dev; Tang Dewen; Biagio Di Micco; Ran Ding; Siqin Ding; Yadong Ding; Haiyi Dong; Jianing Dong; Jing Dong; Lan Dong; Mingyi Dong; Xu Dong; Yipei Dong; Yubing Dong; Milos Dordevic; Marco Drewes; Mingxuan Du; Qianqian Du; Xiaokang Du; Y Anyan Du; Yong Du; Yunfei Du; Chun-Gui Duan; Zhe Duan; Yahor Dydyshka; Ulrik Egede; Walaa Elmetenawee; Yun Eo; Ka Yan Fan; Kuanjun Fan; Yunyun Fan; Bo Fang; Shuangshi Fang; Yuquan Fang; Ada Farilla; Riccardo Farinelli; Muhammad Farooq; Angeles Faus Golfe; Almaz Fazliakhmetov; Rujun Fei; Bo Feng; Chong Feng; Junhua Feng; Xu Feng; Zhuoran Feng; Luis Roberto Flores Castillo; Etienne Forest; Andrew Fowlie; Harald Fox; Hai-Bing Fu; Jinyu Fu; Benjamin Fuks; Yoshihiro Funakoshi; Emidio Gabrielli; Nan Gan; Li Gang; Jie Gao; Meisen Gao; Wenbin Gao; Wenchun Gao; Yu Gao; Yuanning Gao; Zhanxiang Gao; Yanyan Gao; Kun Ge; Shao-Feng Ge; Zhenwu Ge; Li-Sheng Geng; Qinglin Geng; Chao-Qiang Geng; Swagata Ghosh; Antonio Gioiosa; Leonid Gladilin; Ti Gong; Stefania Gori; Quanbu Gou; Sebastian Grinstein; Chenxi Gu; Gerardo Guillermo; Joao Guimaraes da Costa; Dizhou Guo; Fangyi Guo; Jiacheng Guo; Jun Guo; Lei Guo; Xia Guo; Xin-Heng Guo; Xinyang Guo; Yun Guo; Yunqiang Guo; Yuping Guo; Zhi-Hui Guo; Alejandro Gutierrez-Rodriguez; Seungkyu Ha; Noman Habib; Jan Hajer; Francois Hammer; Chengcheng Han; Huayong Han; Jifeng Han; Liang Han; Liangliang Han; Ruixiong Han; Yang Han; Yezi Han; Yuanying Han; Tao Han; Jiankui Hao; Xiqing Hao; Chuanqi He; Dayong He; Dongbing He; Guangyuan He; Hong-Jian He; Jibo He; Jun He; Longyan He; Xiang He; Xiao-Gang He; Zhenqiang He; Klaus Heinemann; Sven Heinemeyer; Yuekun Heng; Maria A. Hem Andez-Ruiz; Jiamin Hong; Yuenkeung Hor; George W.S. Hou; Xiantao Hou; Xiaonan Hou; Zhilong Hou; Suen Hou; Caishi Hu; Chen Hu; Dake Hu; Haiming Hu; Jiagen Hu; Jun Hu; Kun Hu; Shouyang Hu; Yongcai Hu; Yu Hu; Zhen Hu; Zhehao Hua; Jianfei Hua; Chao-Shang Huang; Fa Peng Huang; Guangshun Huang; Jinshu Huang; Ke Huang; Liangsheng Huang; Shuhui Huang; Xingtao Huang; Xu-Guang Huang; Yanping Huang; Y Onggang Huang; Y Ongsheng Huang; Zimiao Huang; Chen Huanyuan; Changgi Huh; Jiaqi Hui; Lihua Huo; Talab Hussain; Kyuyeong Hwang; Ara Ioannisian; Munawar Iqbal; Paul Jackson; Shahriyar Jafarzade; Haeun Jang; Seoyun Jang; Daheng Ji; Qingping Ji; Quan Ji; Xiaolu Ji; Jingguang Jia; Jinsheng Jia; Xuewei Jia; Zihang Jia; Cailian Jiang; Han Ren Jiang; Houbing Jiang; Jun Jiang; Xiaowei Jiang; Xin Jiang; Xuhui Jiang; Yongcheng Jiang; Zhongjian Jiang; Cheng Jiang; Ruiqi Jiao; Dapeng Jin; Shan Jin; Song Jin; Yi Jin; Junji Jis; Sunghoon Jung; Goran Kacarevic; Eric Kajfasz; Lidia Kalinovskaya; Aleksei Kamp; Wen Kang; Xian-Wei Kang; Xiaolin Kang; Biswajit Karmakar; Zhiyong Ke; Rijeesh Keloth; Alamgir Khan; Hamzeh Khanpour; Khanchai Khosonthongkee; Bobae Kim; Dongwoon Kim; Mi Ran Kim; Minsuk Kim; Sungwon Kim; On Kim; Michael Klasen; Sanghyun Ko; Ivan Koop; Vitaliy Komienko; Bryan Kortman; Gennady Kozlov; Shiqing Kuang; Mukesh Kumar; Chia Ming Kuo; Tsz Hong Kwok; François Sylvain Ren Lagarde; Pei-Zhu Lai; Imad Laktineh; Xiaofei Lan; Zuxiu Lan; Lia Lavezzi; Justin Lee; Junghyun Lee; Sehwook Lee; Ge Lei; Roy Lemmon; Yongxiang Leng; Sze Ching Leung; Hai Tao Li; Bingzhi Li; Bo Li; Changhong Li; Chao Li; Cheng Li; Chunhua Li; Cui Li; Dazhang Li; Dikai Li; Fei Li; Gang Li; Gaosong Li; Haibo Li; Haifeng Li; Hai-Jun Li; Haotian Li; Hengne Li; Honglei Li; Huijing Li; Jialin Li; Jingyi Li; Jinmian Li; Jun Li; Leyi Li; Liang Li; Ling Li; Mei Li; Meng Li; Minxian Li; Pei-Rong Li; Qiang Li; Shaopeng Li; Shenghe Li; Shu Li; Shuo Li; Teng Li; Tiange Li; Tong Li; Weichang Li; Weidong Li; Wenjun Li; Xiaoling Li; Xiaomei Li; Xiaonan Li; Xiaoping Li; Xiaoting Li; Xin Li; Xinqiang Li; Xuekang Li; Yang Li; Yanwei Li; Yiming Li; Ying Li; Ying-Ying Li; Yonggang Li; Yonglin Li; Yufeng Li; Yuhui Li; Zhan Li; Zhao Li; Zhiji Li; Lingfeng Li; Jing Liang; Jinhan Liang; Zhijun Liang; Guangrui Liao; Hean Liao; Jiajun Liao; Libo Liao; Longzhou Liao; Yi Liao; Yipu Liao; Ayut Limphirat; Tao Lin; Weiping Lin; Yufu Lin; Yugen Lin; Beijiang Liu; Bo Liu; Danning Liu; Dong Liu; Fu-Hu Liu; Hongbang Liu; Huangcheng Liu; Hui Liu; Huiling Liu; Jia Liu; Jiaming Liu; Jianbei Liu; Jianyi Liu; Jingdong Liu; Jinhua Liu; Kai Liu; Kang Liu; Kun Liu; Mengyao Liu; Peng Liu; Pengcheng Liu; Qibin Liu; Shan Liu; Shidong Liu; Shuang Liu; Shubin Liu; Tao Liu; Tong Liu; Wei Liu; Xiang Liu; Xiao-Hai Liu; Xiaohui Liu; Xiaoyu Liu; Xin Liu; Xinglin Liu; Xingquan Liu; Yang Liu; Yanlin Liu; Yao-Bei Liu; Yi Liu; Yiming Liu; Yong Liu; Yonglu Liu; Yu Liu; Yubin Liu; Yudong Liu; Yulong Liu; Zhaofeng Liu; Zhen Liu; Zhenchao Liu; Zhi Liu; Zhi-Feng Liu; Zhiqing Liu; Zhongfu Liu; Zuowei Liu; Mia Liu; Xiaoyang Liu; Xinchou Lou; Cai-Dian Lu; Jun-Xu Lu; Qiu Zhen Lu; Shang Lu; Wenxi Lu; Xiaohan Lu; Yunpeng Lu; Zhiyong Lu; Xianguo Lu; Wei Lu; Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev; Sultim Lubsandorzhiev; Arslan Lukanov; Jinliang Luo; Tao Luo; Xiaoan Luo; Xiaofeng Luo; Xiaolan Luo; Jindong Lv; Feng Lyu; Xiao-Rui Lyu; Kun-Feng Lyu; Ande Ma; Hong-Hao Ma; Jun-Li Ma; Kai Ma; Lishuang Ma; Na Ma; Renjie Ma; W Eihu Ma; Xinpeng Ma; Y Anling Ma; Y An-Qing Ma; Y Ongsheng Ma; Zhonghui Ma; Zhongjian Ma; Yang Ma; Mousam Maity; Lining Mao; Yanmin Mao; Yaxian Mao; Aurelien Martens; Caccia Massimo Luigi Maria; Shigeki Matsumoto; Bruce Mellado; Davide Meloni; Lingling Men; Cai Meng; Lingxin Meng; Zhenghui Mi; Yuhui Miao; Mauro Migliorati; Lei Ming; Vasiliki A. Mitsou; Laura Monaco; Arthur Moraes; Karabo Mosala; Ahmad Moursy; Lichao Mu; Zhihui Mu; Nickolai Muchnoi; Daniel Muenstermann; Pankaj Munbodh; William John Murra; Jérôme Nanni; Dmitry Nanzanov; Changshan Nie; Sergei Nikitin; Feipeng Ning; Guozhu Ning; Jia-Shu Niu; Juan-Juan Niu; Yan Niu; Edward Khomotso Nkadimeng; Kazuhito Ohmi; Katsunobu Oide; Hideki Okawa; Mohamed Ouchemhou; Qun Ouyang; Daniele Paesani; Carlo Pagani; Stathes Paganis; Collette Pakuza; Jiangyang Pan; Juntong Pan; Tong Pan; Xiang Pan; Papia Panda; Saraswati Pandey; Mila Pandurovic; Rocco Paparella; Roman Pasechnik; Emilie Passemar; Hua Pei; Xiaohua Peng; Xinye Peng; Yuemei Peng; Jialun Ping; Ronggang Ping; Souvik Priyam Adhya; Baohua Qi; Hang Qi; Huirong Qi; Ming Qi; Sen Qian; Zhuoni Qian; Congfeng Qiao; Guangyou Qin; Jiajia Qin; Laishun Qin; Liqing Qin; Qin Qin; Xiaoshuai Qin; Zhonghua Qin; Guofeng Qu; Antonio Racioppi; Michael Ramsey-Musolf; Shabbar Raza; Vladimir Rekovic; Jing Ren; Jurgen Reuter; Tania Robens; Giancarlo Rossi; Manqi Ruan; Leonid Rumyantsev; Min Sang Ryu; Renat Sadykov; Minjing Sang; Juan Jose Sanz-Cillero; Miroslav Saur; Nishil Savla; Michael A. Schmidt; Daniele Sertore; Ron Settles; Peng Sha; Ding-Yu Shao; Ligang Shao; Hua-Sheng Shao; Xin She; Chuang Shen; Hong-Fei Shen; Jian-Ming Shen; Peixun Shen; Qiuping Shen; Zhongtao Shen; Shuqi Sheng; Haoyu Shi; Hua Shi; Qi Shi; Shusu Shi; Xiaolei Shi; Xin Shi; Yukun Shi; Zhan Shi; Ian Shipsey; Gary Shiu; Chang Shu; Zang-Guo Si; Andrei Sidorenkov; Ivan Smiljanc; Aodong Song; Huayang Song; Jiaojiao Song; Jinxing Song; Siyuan Song; Weimin Song; Weizheng Song; Zhi Song; Shashwat Sourav; Paolo Spruzzola; Feng Su; Shengsen Su; Wei Su; Shufang Su; Yanfeng Sui; Zexuan Sui; Michael Sullivan; Baiyang Sun; Guoqiang Sun; Hao Sun; Hao-Kai Sun; Junfeng Sun; Liang Sun; Mengcheng Sun; Pengfei Sun; Sichun Sun; Xianjing Sun; Xiaohu Sun; Xilei Sun; Xingyang Sun; Xin-Yuan Sun; Yanjun Sun; Yongzhao Sun; Yue Sun; Zheng Sun; Narumon Suwonjandee; Elsayed Tag Eldin; Biao Tan; Bo Tang; Chuanxiang Tang; Gao Tang; Guangyi Tang; Jian Tang; Jingyu Tang; Liang Tang; Ying'ao Tang; Junquan Tao; Abdel Nasser Tawfik; Geoffrey Taylor; Valery Telnov; Saike Tian; Riccardo Torre; Wladyslaw Henryk Trzaska; Dmitri Tsybychev; Yanjun Tu; Shengquan Tuo; Michael Tytgat; Ghalib Ul Islam; Nikita Ushakov; German Valencia; Jaap Velthuis; Alessandro Vicini; Trevor Vickey; Ivana Vidakovic; Henri Videau; Raymond Volkas; Dmitry Voronin; Natasa Vukasinovic; Xia Wan; Xuying Wan; Xiao Wang; Anqing Wang; Bin Wang; Chengtao Wang; Chuanye Wang; Ci Wang; Dayong Wang; Dou Wang; En Wang; Fei Wang; Guanwen Wang; Guo-Li Wang; Haijing Wang; Haolin Wang; Jia Wang; Jian Wang; Jianchun Wang; Jianli Wang; Jiawei Wang; Jin Wang; Jin-Wei Wang; Joseph Wang; Kechen Wang; Lechun Wang; Lei Wang; Liguo Wang; Lijiao Wang; Lu Wang; Meng Wang; Na Wang; Pengcheng Wang; Qian Wang; Qun Wang; Shu Lin Wang; Shudong Wang; Taofeng Wang; Tianhong Wang; Tianyang Wang; Tong Wang; Wei Wang; Xiaolong Wang; Xiaoning Wang; Xiao-Ping Wang; Xiongfei Wang; Xujian Wang; Yaping Wang; Yaqian Wang; Yi Wang; Yiao Wang; Yifang Wang; Yilun Wang; Yiwei Wang; You-Kai Wang; Yuanping Wang; Yuexin Wang; Yuhao Wang; Yu-Ming Wang; Yuting Wang; Zhen Wang; Zhigang Wang; Weiping Wang; Zeren Simon Wang; Biao Wang; Hui Wang; Lian-Tao Wang; Zihui Wang; Zirui Wang; Daihui Wei; Shujun Wei; Wei Wei; Xiaomin Wei; Yuanyuan Wei; Yingjie Wei; Liangjian Wen; Xuejun Wen; Yufeng Wen; Martin White; Peter Williams; Zef Wolffs; William John Womersk; Baona Wu; Bobing Wu; Guaniian Wu; Jinfei Wu; Lei Wu; Lina Wu; Linghui Wu; Minlin Wu; Peiwen Wu; Qi Wu; Qun Wu; Tianya Wu; Xiang Wu; Xiaohong Wu; Xing-Gang Wu; Xuehui Wu; Yaru Wu; Yongcheng Wu; Yuwen Wu; Zhi Wu; Xin Wu; Lei Xia; Ligang Xia; Shang Xia; Benhou Xiang; Dao Xiang; Zhiyu Xiang; Bo-Wen Xiao; Chu-Wen Xiao; Dong Xiao; Guangyan Xiao; Han Xiao; Meng Xiao; Ouzheng Xiao; Rui-Qing Xiao; Xiang Xiao; Yichen Xiao; Ying Xiao; Yu Xiao; Y Unlong Xiao; Zhenjun Xiao; Hengyuan Xiao; Nian Xie; Yuehong Xie; Tianmu Xin; Ye Xing; Zhizhong Xing; Da Xu; Fang Xu; Fanrong Xu; Haisheng Xu; Haocheng Xu; Ji Xu; Miaofu Xu; Qingjin Xu; Qingnian Xu; Wei Xu; Weixi Xu; Xinping Xu; Zhen Xu; Zijun Xu; Zehua Xu; Yaoyuan Xu; Feifei Xue; Baojun Yan; Bin Yan; Fen Yan; Fucheng Yan; Jiaming Yan; Liang Yan; Luping Yan; Qi-Shu Yan; Wenbiao Yan; Yupeng Yan; Haoyue Yan; Dong Yang; Fengying Yang; Guicheng Yang; Haijun Yang; Jin Min Yang; Jing Yang; Lan Yang; Li Yang; Li Lin Yang; Lili Yang; Litao Yang; Mei Yang; Qiaoli Yang; Tiansen Yang; Xiaochen Yang; Yingjun Yang; Yueling Yang; Zhengyong Yang; Zhenwei Yang; Youhua Yang; Xiancong Yang; De-Liang Yao; Shi Yao; Lei Ye; Lingxi Ye; Mei Ye; Rui Ye; Yecheng Ye; Vitaly Yermolchyk; Kai Yi; Li Yi; Yang Yi; Di Yin; Peng-Fei Yin; Shenghua Yin; Ze Yin; Zhongbao Yin; Zhang Yinhong; Hwi Dong Yoo; Zhengyun You; Charles Young; Boxiang Yu; Chenghui Yu; Fusheng Yu; Jie-Sheng Yu; Jinqing Yu; Lingda Yu; Zhao-Huan Yu; Felix Yu; Bingrong Yu; Changzheng Yuan; Li Yuan; Xing-Bo Yuan; Youiin Yuan; Junhui Yue; Qian Yue; Baobiao Yue; Un Nisa Zaib; Riccardo Zanzottera; Hao Zeng; Ming Zeng; Jian Zhai; Jiyuan Zhai; Xin Zhe Zhai; Xi-Jie Zhan; Ben-Wei Zhang; Balun Zhang; Di Zhang; Guangyi Zhang; Hao Zhang; Hong-Hao Zhang; Huaqiao Zhang; Hui Zhang; Jialiang Zhang; Jianyu Zhang; Jianzhong Zhang; Jiehao Zhang; Jielei Zhang; Jingru Zhang; Jinxian Zhang; Junsong Zhang; Junxing Zhang; Lei Zhang; Liang Zhang; Licheng Zhang; Liming Zhang; Linhao Zhang; Luyan Zhang; Mengchao Zhang; Rao Zhang; Shulei Zhang; Wan Zhang; Wenchao Zhang; Xiangzhen Zhang; Xiaomei Zhang; Xiaoming Zhang; Xiaoxu Zhang; Xiaoyu Zhang; Xuantong Zhang; Xueyao Zhang; Yang Zhang; Yanxi Zhang; Yao Zhang; Ying Zhang; Yixiang Zhang; Yizhou Zhang; Yongchao Zhang; Yu Zhang; Yuan Zhang; Yujie Zhang; Yulei Zhang; Yumei Zhang; Yunlong Zhang; Zhandong Zhang; Zhaoru Zhang; Zhen-Hua Zhang; Zhenyu Zhang; Zhichao Zhang; Zhi-Qing Zhang; Zhuo Zhang; Cong Zhang; Tianliang Zhang; Guang Zhao; Hongyun Zhao; Jie Zhao; Jingxia Zhao; Jingyi Zhao; Ling Zhao; Luyang Zhao; Mei Zhao; Minggang Zhao; Mingrui Zhao; Qiang Zhao; Ruiguang Zhao; Tongxian Zhao; Yaliang Zhao; Ying Zhao; Yue Zhao; Zhiyu Zhao; Zhuo Zhao; Alexey Zhemchugov; Hongjuan Zheng; Jinchao Zheng; Liang Zheng; Ran Zheng; Shanxi Zheng; Xu-Chang Zheng; Wang Zhile; Weicai Zhong; Yi-Ming Zhong; Chen Zhou; Daicui Zhou; Jianxin Zhou; Jing Zhou; Ning Zhou; Qi-Dong Zhou; Shiyu Zhou; Shun Zhou; Sihong Zhou; Xiang Zhou; Xingyu Zhou; Yang Zhou; Yong Zhou; Yu-Feng Zhou; Zusheng Zhou; Demin Zhou; Dechong Zhu; Hongbo Zhu; Huaxing Zhu; Jingya Zhu; Kai Zhu; Pengxuan Zhu; Ruilin Zhu; Xianglei Zhu; Yingshun Zhu; Y Ongfeng Zhu; Xiao Zhuang; Xuai Zhuang; Mikhail Zobov; Zhanguo Zong; Cong Zou; Hongying Zou
The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China, fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners. The complex comprises four accelerators: a 30 GeV Linac, al.l GeV Damping Ring, a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV, and a Collider operating at varying energy modes (Z, W, H, and tt). The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface, while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed ina100 km circumference underground tunnel, strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider (SPPC). The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs fketory. In its baseline design with synchrotron radiation (SR) power of30 MW per beam, it can achieve a luminosity of 5 x1034 cm-2s-1 per interaction point (IP), resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab 1 for two IPs over a decade, producing 2.6millionHiggsbosons. IncreasingtheSRpowerto 50MWperbeam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons, facilitating precise measurements ofHiggs coupling at sub-percent levels, exceeding the precision expected from the HLLHCbyanorderofmagnitude. This Technical Design Report(TDR) follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report (Pre-CDR, 2015) and the Conceptual Design Report (CDR, 2018), comprehensively detailing the machine's layout, performance metrics, physical design and analysis, technical systems design, R&D and prototyping efforts, and associated civil engineering aspects. Additionally, it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline, establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection procedures. Construction is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028, pending government approval, with an estimated duration of 8 years. The commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s. © 2024 The authors.
Correction to: CEPC Technical Design Report: Accelerator (Radiation Detection Technology and Methods, (2024), 8, 1, (1-1105), 10.1007/s41605-024-00463-y)
(Springer, 2024) Waleed Abdallah; Tiago CarlosAdorno de Freitas; Konstantin Afanaciev; Shakeel Ahmad; Ijaz Ahmed; Xiaocong Ai; Abid Aleem; Wolfgang Altmannshofer; Fabio Alves; Weiming An; Rui An; Daniele Paolo Anderle; Stefan Antusch; Yasuo Arai; Andrej Arbuzov; Abdesslam Arhrib; Mustafa Ashry; Sha Bai; Yu Bai; Yang Bai; Vipul Bairathi; Csaba Balazs; Philip Bambade; Yong Ban; Triparno Bandyopadhyay; Shou-Shan Bao; Desmond P. Barber; Ays¸e Bat; Varvara Batozskaya; Subash Chandra Behera; Alexander Belyaev; Michele Bertucci; Xiao-Jun Bi; Yuanjie Bi; Tianjian Bian; Fabrizio Bianchi; Thomas Bieko¨tter; Michela Biglietti; Shalva Bilanishvili; Deng Binglin; Denis Bodrov; Anton Bogomyagkov; Serge Bondarenko; Stewart Boogert; Maarten Boonekamp; Marcello Borri; Angelo Bosotti; Vincent Boudry; Mohammed Boukidi; Igor Boyko; Ivanka Bozovic; Giuseppe Bozzi; Jean-Claude Brient; Anastasiia Budzinskaya; Masroor Bukhari; Vladimir Bytev; Giacomo Cacciapaglia; Hua Cai; Wenyong Cai; Wujun Cai; Yijian Cai; Yizhou Cai; Yuchen Cai; Haiying Cai; Huacheng Cai; Lorenzo Calibbi; Junsong Cang; Guofu Cao; Jianshe Cao; Antoine Chance; Xuejun Chang; Yue Chang; Zhe Chang; Xinyuan Chang; Wei Chao; Auttakit Chatrabhuti; Yimin Che; Yuzhi Che; Bin Chen; Danping Chen; Fuqing Chen; Fusan Chen; Gang Chen; Guoming Chen; Hua-Xing Chen; Huirun Chen; Jinhui Chen; Ji-Yuan Chen; Kai Chen; Mali Chen; Mingjun Chen; Mingshui Chen; Ning Chen; Shanhong Chen; Shanzhen Chen; Shao-Long Chen; Shaomin Chen; Shiqiang Chen; Tianlu Chen; Wei Chen; Xiang Chen; Xiaoyu Chen; Xin Chen; Xun Chen; Xurong Chen; Ye Chen; Ying Chen; Yukai Chen; Zelin Chen; Zilin Chen; Boping Chen; Chunhui Chen; Hok Chuen Cheng; Huajie Cheng; Shan Cheng; Tongguang Cheng; Yunlong Chi; Pietro Chimenti; Wen Han Chiu; Guk Cho; Ming-Chung Chu; Xiaotong Chu; Ziliang Chu; Guglielmo Coloretti; Andreas Crivellin; Hanhua Cui; Xiaohao Cui; Zhaoyuan Cui; Brunella D’Anzi; Ling-Yun Dai; Xinchen Dai; Xuwen Dai; Antonio De Maria; Nicola De Filippis; Christophe De La Taille; Francesca De Mori; Chiara De Sio; Elisa Del Core; Shuangxue Deng; Wei-Tian Deng; Zhi Deng; Ziyan Deng; Bhupal Dev; Tang Dewen; Biagio Di Micco; Ran Ding; Siqin Ding; Yadong Ding; Haiyi Dong; Jianing Dong; Jing Dong; Lan Dong; Mingyi Dong; Xu Dong; Yipei Dong; Yubing Dong; Milos Dordevic; Marco Drewes; Mingxuan Du; Qianqian Du; Xiaokang Du; Yanyan Du; Yong Du; Yunfei Du; Chun-Gui Duan; Zhe Duan; Yahor Dydyshka; Ulrik Egede; Walaa Elmetenawee; Yun Eo; Ka Yan Fan; Kuanjun Fan; Yunyun Fan; Bo Fang; Shuangshi Fang; Yuquan Fang; Ada Farilla; Riccardo Farinelli; Muhammad Farooq; Angeles Faus Golfe; Almaz Fazliakhmetov; Rujun Fei; Bo Feng; Chong Feng; Junhua Feng; Xu Feng; Zhuoran Feng; ZhuoranFeng; Luis Roberto Flores Castillo; Etienne Forest; Andrew Fowlie; Harald Fox; Hai-Bing Fu; Jinyu Fu; Benjamin Fuks; Yoshihiro Funakoshi; Emidio Gabrielli; Nan Gan; Li Gang; Jie Gao; Meisen Gao; Wenbin Gao; Wenchun Gao; Yu Gao; Yuanning Gao; Zhanxiang Gao; Yanyan Gao; Kun Ge; Shao-Feng Ge; Zhenwu Ge; Li-Sheng Geng; Qinglin Geng; Chao-Qiang Geng; Swagata Ghosh; Antonio Gioiosa; Leonid Gladilin; Ti Gong; Stefania Gori; Quanbu Gou; Sebastian Grinstein; Chenxi Gu; Gerardo Guillermo; Joao Guimaraes da Costa; Dizhou Guo; Fangyi Guo; Jiacheng Guo; Jun Guo; Lei Guo; Xia Guo; Xin-Heng Guo; Xinyang Guo; Yun Guo; Yunqiang Guo; Yuping Guo; Zhi-Hui Guo; Alejandro Gutie´rrez-Rodríguez; Seungkyu Ha; Noman Habib; Jan Hajer; Francois Hammer; Chengcheng Han; Huayong Han; Jifeng Han; Liang Han; Liangliang Han; Ruixiong Han; Yang Han; Yezi Han; Yuanying Han; Tao Han; Jiankui Hao; Xiqing Hao; XiqingHao; Chuanqi He; Dayong He; Dongbing He; Guangyuan He; Hong-Jian He; Jibo He; Jun He; Longyan He; Xiang He; Xiao-Gang He; Zhenqiang He; Klaus Heinemann; Sven Heinemeyer; Yuekun Heng; María A. Herna´ndez-Ruíz; Jiamin Hong; Yuenkeung Hor; George W. S. Hou; Xiantao Hou; Xiaonan Hou; Zhilong Hou; Suen Hou; Caishi Hu; Chen Hu; Dake Hu; Haiming Hu; Jiagen Hu; Jun Hu; Kun Hu; Shouyang Hu; Yongcai Hu; Yu Hu; Zhen Hu; Zhehao Hua; Jianfei Hua; Chao-Shang Huang; Fa Peng Huang; Guangshun Huang; Jinshu Huang; Ke Huang; Liangsheng Huang; Shuhui Huang; Xingtao Huang; Xu-Guang Huang; Yanping Huang; Yonggang Huang; Yongsheng Huang; Zimiao Huang; Chen Huanyuan; Changgi Huh; Jiaqi Hui; Lihua Huo; Talab Hussain; Kyuyeong Hwang; Ara Ioannisian; Munawar Iqbal; Paul Jackson; Shahriyar Jafarzade; Haeun Jang; Seoyun Jang; Daheng Ji; Qingping Ji; Quan Ji; Xiaolu Ji; Jingguang Jia; Jinsheng Jia; Xuewei Jia; Zihang Jia; Cailian Jiang; Han Ren Jiang; Houbing Jiang; Jun Jiang; Xiaowei Jiang; Xin Jiang; Xuhui Jiang; Yongcheng Jiang; Zhongjian Jiang; Cheng Jiang; Ruiqi Jiao; Dapeng Jin; Shan Jin; Song Jin; Yi Jin; Junji Jis; Sunghoon Jung; Goran Kacarevic; Eric Kajfasz; Lidia Kalinovskaya; Aleksei Kampf; Wen Kang; Xian-Wei Kang; Xiaolin Kang; Biswajit Karmakar; Zhiyong Ke; Rijeesh Keloth; Alamgir Khan; Hamzeh Khanpour; Khanchai Khosonthongkee; KhanchaiKhosonthongkee; Bobae Kim; Dongwoon Kim; Mi Ran Kim; Minsuk Kim; Sungwon Kim; On Kim; Michael Klasen; Sanghyun Ko; Ivan Koop; Vitaliy Kornienko; Bryan Kortman; Gennady Kozlov; Shiqing Kuang; Mukesh Kumar; Chia Ming Kuo; Tsz Hong Kwok; Franc¸ois Sylvain Ren Lagarde; Pei-Zhu Lai; Imad Laktineh; Xiaofei Lan; Zuxiu Lan; Lia Lavezzi; Justin Lee; Junghyun Lee; Sehwook Lee; Ge Lei; Roy Lemmon; Yongxiang Leng; Sze Ching Leung; Hai Tao Li; Bingzhi Li; Bo Li; Changhong Li; Chao Li; Cheng Li; Chunhua Li; Cui Li; Dazhang Li; Dikai Li; Fei Li; Gang Li; Gaosong Li; Haibo Li; Haifeng Li; Hai-Jun Li; Haotian Li; Hengne Li; Honglei Li; Huijing Li; Jialin Li; Jingyi Li; Jinmian Li; Jun Li; Leyi Li; Liang Li; Ling Li; Mei Li; Meng Li; Minxian Li; Pei-Rong Li; Qiang Li; Shaopeng Li; Shenghe Li; Shu Li; Shuo Li; Teng Li; Tiange Li; Tong Li; Weichang Li; Weidong Li; Wenjun Li; Xiaoling Li; Xiaomei Li; Xiaonan Li; Xiaoping Li; Xiaoting Li; Xin Li; Xinqiang Li; Xuekang Li; Yang Li; Yanwei Li; Yiming Li; Ying Li; Ying-Ying Li; Yonggang Li; Yonglin Li; Yufeng Li; Yuhui Li; Zhan Li; Zhao Li; Zhiji Li; Lingfeng Li; Jing Liang; Jinhan Liang; Zhijun Liang; Guangrui Liao; Hean Liao; Jiajun Liao; Libo Liao; Longzhou Liao; Yi Liao; Yipu Liao; Ayut Limphirat; AyutLimphirat; Tao Lin; Weiping Lin; Yufu Lin; Yugen Lin; Beijiang Liu; Bo Liu; Danning Liu; Dong Liu; Fu-Hu Liu; Hongbang Liu; Huangcheng Liu; Hui Liu; Huiling Liu; Jia Liu; Jiaming Liu; Jianbei Liu; Jianyi Liu; Jingdong Liu; Jinhua Liu; Kai Liu; Kang Liu; Kun Liu; Mengyao Liu; Peng Liu; Pengcheng Liu; Qibin Liu; Shan Liu; Shidong Liu; Shuang Liu; Shubin Liu; Tao Liu; Tong Liu; Wei Liu; Xiang Liu; Xiao-Hai Liu; Xiaohui Liu; Xiaoyu Liu; Xin Liu; Xinglin Liu; Xingquan Liu; Yang Liu; Yanlin Liu; Yao-Bei Liu; Yi Liu; Yiming Liu; Yong Liu; Yonglu Liu; Yu Liu; Yubin Liu; Yudong Liu; Yulong Liu; Zhaofeng Liu; Zhen Liu; Zhenchao Liu; Zhi Liu; Zhi-Feng Liu; Zhiqing Liu; Zhongfu Liu; Zuowei Liu; Mia Liu; Xiaoyang Liu; Xinchou Lou; Cai-Dian Lu; Jun-Xu Lu; Qiu Zhen Lu; Shang Lu; Wenxi Lu; Xiaohan Lu; Yunpeng Lu; Zhiyong Lu; Xianguo Lu; Wei Lu; Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev; Sultim Lubsandorzhiev; Arslan Lukanov; Jinliang Luo; Tao Luo; xiaoan Luo; Xiaofeng Luo; Xiaolan Luo; Jindong Lv; Feng Lyu; Xiao-Rui Lyu; Kun-Feng Lyu; Ande Ma; Hong-Hao Ma; Jun-Li Ma; Kai Ma; Lishuang Ma; Na Ma; Renjie Ma; Weihu Ma; Xinpeng Ma; Yanling Ma; Yan-Qing Ma; Yongsheng Ma; Zhonghui Ma; Zhongjian Ma; Yang Ma; Mousam Maity; Lining Mao; Yanmin Mao; Yaxian Mao; Aure´lien Martens; Caccia Massimo Luigi Maria; Shigeki Matsumoto; Bruce Mellado; Davide Meloni; Lingling Men; Cai Meng; Lingxin Meng; Zhenghui Mi; Yuhui Miao; Mauro Migliorati; Lei Ming; Vasiliki A. Mitsou; Laura Monaco; Arthur Moraes; Karabo Mosala; Ahmad Moursy; Lichao Mu; Zhihui Mu; Nickolai Muchnoi; Daniel Muenstermann; Pankaj Munbodh; William John Murray; Jérôme Nanni; Dmitry Nanzanov; Changshan Nie; Sergei Nikitin; Feipeng Ning; Guozhu Ning; Jia-Shu Niu; Juan-Juan Niu; Yan Niu; Edward Khomotso Nkadimeng; Kazuhito Ohmi; Katsunobu Oide; Hideki Okawa; Mohamed Ouchemhou; Qun Ouyang; Daniele Paesani; Carlo Pagani; Stathes Paganis; Collette Pakuza; Jiangyang Pan; Juntong Pan; Tong Pan; Xiang Pan; Papia Panda; Saraswati Pandey; Mila Pandurovic; Rocco Paparella; Roman Pasechnik; Emilie Passemar; Hua Pei; Xiaohua Peng; Xinye Peng; Yuemei Peng; Jialun Ping; Ronggang Ping; Souvik Priyam Adhya; Baohua Qi; Hang Qi; Huirong Qi; Ming Qi; Sen Qian; Zhuoni Qian; Congfeng Qiao; Guangyou Qin; Jiajia Qin; Laishun Qin; Liqing Qin; Qin Qin; Xiaoshuai Qin; Zhonghua Qin; Guofeng Qu; Antonio Racioppi; Michael Ramsey-Musolf; Shabbar Raza; Vladimir Rekovic; Jing Ren; Ju¨rgen Reuter; Tania Robens; Giancarlo Rossi; Manqi Ruan; Leonid Rumyantsev; Min Sang Ryu; Renat Sadykov; Minjing Sang; Juan Jose´ Sanz-Cillero; Miroslav Saur; Nishil Savla; Michael A. Schmidt; Daniele Sertore; Ron Settles; Peng Sha; Ding-Yu Shao; Ligang Shao; Hua-Sheng Shao; Xin She; Chuang Shen; Hong-Fei Shen; Jian-Ming Shen; Peixun Shen; Qiuping Shen; Zhongtao Shen; Shuqi Sheng; Haoyu Shi; Hua Shi; Qi Shi; Shusu Shi; Xiaolei Shi; Xin Shi; Yukun Shi; Zhan Shi; Ian Shipsey; Gary Shiu; Chang Shu; Zong-Guo Si; Andrei Sidorenkov; Ivan Smiljanić; Aodong Song; Huayang Song; Jiaojiao Song; Jinxing Song; Siyuan Song; Weimin Song; Weizheng Song; Zhi Song; Shashwat Sourav; Paolo Spruzzola; Feng Su; Shengsen Su; Wei Su; Shufang Su; Yanfeng Sui; Zexuan Sui; Michael Sullivan; Baiyang Sun; Guoqiang Sun; Hao Sun; Hao-Kai Sun; Junfeng Sun; Liang Sun; Mengcheng Sun; Pengfei Sun; Sichun Sun; Xianjing Sun; Xiaohu Sun; Xilei Sun; Xingyang Sun; Xin-Yuan Sun; Yanjun Sun; Yongzhao Sun; Yue Sun; Zheng Sun; Narumon Suwonjandee; Elsayed Tag Eldin; Biao Tan; Bo Tang; Chuanxiang Tang; Gao Tang; Guangyi Tang; Jian Tang; Jingyu Tang; Liang Tang; Ying’Ao Tang; Junquan Tao; Abdel Nasser Tawfik; Geoffrey Taylor; Valery Telnov; Saike Tian; Riccardo Torre; Wladyslaw Henryk Trzaska; Dmitri Tsybychev; Yanjun Tu; Shengquan Tuo; Michael Tytgat; Ghalib Ul Islam; Nikita Ushakov; German Valencia; Jaap Velthuis; Alessandro Vicini; Trevor Vickey; Ivana Vidakovic; Henri Videau; Raymond Volkas; Dmitry Voronin; Natasa Vukasinovic; Xia Wan; Xuying Wan; Xiao Wang; Anqing Wang; Bin Wang; Chengtao Wang; Chuanye Wang; Ci Wang; Dayong Wang; Dou Wang; En Wang; Fei Wang; Guanwen Wang; Guo-Li Wang; Haijing Wang; Haolin Wang; Jia Wang; Jian Wang; Jianchun Wang; Jianli Wang; Jiawei Wang; Jin Wang; Jin-Wei Wang; Joseph Wang; Kechen Wang; Lechun Wang; Lei Wang; Liguo Wang; Lijiao Wang; Lu Wang; Meng Wang; Na Wang; Pengcheng Wang; Qian Wang; Qun Wang; Shu Lin Wang; Shudong Wang; Taofeng Wang; Tianhong Wang; Tianyang Wang; Tong Wang; Wei Wang; Xiaolong Wang; Xiaoning Wang; Xiao-Ping Wang; Xiongfei Wang; Xujian Wang; Yaping Wang; Yaqian Wang; Yi Wang; Yiao Wang; Yifang Wang; Yilun Wang; Yiwei Wang; You-Kai Wang; Yuanping Wang; Yuexin Wang; Yuhao Wang; Yu-Ming Wang; Yuting Wang; Zhen Wang; Zhigang Wang; Weiping Wang; Zeren Simon Wang; Biao Wang; Hui Wang; Lian-Tao Wang; Zihui Wang; Zirui Wang; Daihui Wei; Shujun Wei; Wei Wei; Xiaomin Wei; Yuanyuan Wei; Yingjie Wei; Liangjian Wen; Xuejun Wen; Yufeng Wen; Martin White; Peter Williams; Zef Wolffs; William John Womersley; Baona Wu; Bobing Wu; Guanjian Wu; Jinfei Wu; Lei Wu; Lina Wu; Linghui Wu; Minlin Wu; Peiwen Wu; Qi Wu; Qun Wu; Tianya Wu; Xiang Wu; Xiaohong Wu; Xing-Gang Wu; Xuehui Wu; Yaru Wu; Yongcheng Wu; Yuwen Wu; Zhi Wu; Xin Wu; Lei Xia; Ligang Xia; Shang Xia; Benhou Xiang; Dao Xiang; Zhiyu Xiang; Bo-Wen Xiao; Chu-Wen Xiao; Dong Xiao; Guangyan Xiao; Han Xiao; Meng Xiao; Ouzheng Xiao; Rui-Qing Xiao; Xiang Xiao; Yichen Xiao; Ying Xiao; Yu Xiao; Yunlong Xiao; Zhenjun Xiao; Hengyuan Xiao; Nian Xie; Yuehong Xie; Tianmu Xin; Ye Xing; Zhizhong Xing; Da Xu; Fang Xu; Fanrong Xu; Haisheng Xu; Haocheng Xu; Ji Xu; Miaofu Xu; Qingjin Xu; Qingnian Xu; Wei Xu; Weixi Xu; Xinping Xu; Zhen Xu; Zijun Xu; Zehua Xu; Yaoyuan Xu; Feifei Xue; Baojun Yan; Bin Yan; Fen Yan; Fucheng Yan; Jiaming Yan; Liang Yan; Luping Yan; Qi-Shu Yan; Wenbiao Yan; Yupeng Yan; Haoyue Yan; Dong Yang; Fengying Yang; Guicheng Yang; Haijun Yang; Jin Min Yang; Jing Yang; Lan Yang; Li Yang; Li Lin Yang; Lili Yang; Litao Yang; Mei Yang; Qiaoli Yang; Tiansen Yang; Xiaochen Yang; Yingjun Yang; Yueling Yang; Zhengyong Yang; Zhenwei Yang; Youhua Yang; Xiancong Yang; De-Liang Yao; Shi Yao; Lei Ye; Lingxi Ye; Mei Ye; Rui Ye; Yecheng Ye; Vitaly Yermolchyk; Kai Yi; Li Yi; Yang Yi; Di Yin; Peng-Fei Yin; Shenghua Yin; Ze Yin; Zhongbao Yin; Zhang Yinhong; Hwi Dong Yoo; Zhengyun You; Charles Young; Boxiang Yu; Chenghui Yu; Fusheng Yu; Jie-Sheng Yu; Jinqing Yu; Lingda Yu; Zhao-Huan Yu; Felix Yu; Bingrong Yu; Changzheng Yuan; Li Yuan; Xing-Bo Yuan; Youjin Yuan; Junhui Yue; Qian Yue; Baobiao Yue; Un Nisa Zaib; Riccardo Zanzottera; Hao Zeng; Ming Zeng; Jian Zhai; Jiyuan Zhai; Xin Zhe Zhai; Xi-Jie Zhan; Ben-Wei Zhang; Bolun Zhang; Di Zhang; Guangyi Zhang; Hao Zhang; Hong-Hao Zhang; Huaqiao Zhang; Hui Zhang; Jialiang Zhang; Jianyu Zhang; Jianzhong Zhang; Jiehao Zhang; Jielei Zhang; Jingru Zhang; Jinxian Zhang; Junsong Zhang; Junxing Zhang; Lei Zhang; Liang Zhang; Licheng Zhang; Liming Zhang; Linhao Zhang; Luyan Zhang; Mengchao Zhang; Rao Zhang; Shulei Zhang; Wan Zhang; Wenchao Zhang; Xiangzhen Zhang; Xiaomei Zhang; Xiaoming Zhang; Xiaoxu Zhang; Xiaoyu Zhang; Xuantong Zhang; Xueyao Zhang; Yang Zhang; Yanxi Zhang; Yao Zhang; Ying Zhang; Yixiang Zhang; Yizhou Zhang; Yongchao Zhang; Yu Zhang; Yuan Zhang; Yujie Zhang; Yulei Zhang; Yumei Zhang; Yunlong Zhang; Zhandong Zhang; Zhaoru Zhang; Zhen-Hua Zhang; Zhenyu Zhang; Zhichao Zhang; Zhi-Qing Zhang; Zhuo Zhang; Zhiqing Zhang; Cong Zhang; Tianliang Zhang; Guang Zhao; Hongyun Zhao; Jie Zhao; Jingxia Zhao; Jingyi Zhao; Ling Zhao; Luyang Zhao; Mei Zhao; Minggang Zhao; Mingrui Zhao; Qiang Zhao; Ruiguang Zhao; Tongxian Zhao; Yaliang Zhao; Ying Zhao; Yue Zhao; Zhiyu Zhao; Zhuo Zhao; Alexey Zhemchugov; Hongjuan Zheng; Jinchao Zheng; Liang Zheng; Ran Zheng; shanxi zheng; Xu-Chang Zheng; Wang Zhile; Weicai Zhong; Yi-Ming Zhong; Chen Zhou; Daicui Zhou; Jianxin Zhou; Jing Zhou; Ning Zhou; Qi-Dong Zhou; Shiyu Zhou; Shun Zhou; Sihong Zhou; Xiang Zhou; Xingyu Zhou; Yang Zhou; Yong Zhou; Yu-Feng Zhou; Zusheng Zhou; Demin Zhou; Dechong Zhu; Hongbo Zhu; Huaxing Zhu; Jingya Zhu; Kai Zhu; Pengxuan Zhu; Ruilin Zhu; Xianglei Zhu; Yingshun Zhu; Yongfeng Zhu; Xiao Zhuang; Xuai Zhuang; Mikhail Zobov; Zhanguo Zong; Cong Zou; Hongying Zou
In this article all authors name was missing in the springer link. It has been corrected. The original article has been corrected. © The Author(s) 2024.
Correlations and event-by-event fluctuations in high multiplicity events produced in 208Pb-208Pb collisions
(Hindawi Limited, 2018) Shakeel Ahmad; Shaista Khan; Ashwini Kumar; Arpit Singh; A. Ahmad; B.K. Singh
Analysis of high multiplicity events produced in 158A GeV/c 208Pb-208Pb collisions is carried out to study the event-by-event fluctuations. The findings reveal that the method of scaled factorial moments can be used to identify the events having densely populated narrow phase space bins. A few events sorted out by adopting this approach are individually analyzed. It is observed that these events do exhibit large fluctuations in their pseudorapidity, η, and azimuthal angle, φ, distributions arising due to some dynamical reasons. Two-particle Δη-Δφ correlation study applied to these events too indicates that some complex two-dimensional structure of significantly high magnitude is present in these events which might have some dynamical origin. The findings reveal that the method of scaled factorial moments may be used as an effective triggering for events with large dynamical fluctuations. © 2018 Shakeel Ahmad et al.
Event-by-event analysis of high-multiplicity events produced in 158 A GeV/c 208Pb-208Pb collisions
(Institute of Physics Publishing, 2015) Shakeel Ahmad; Anuj Chandra; Ashwini Kumar; O.S.K. Chaturvedi; A. Ahmad; M. Zafar; M. Irfan; B.K. Singh
An extensive analysis of individual high-multiplicity events produced in208Pb-208Pb collisions is carried out by adopting different methods to examine the anomalous behavior of these rare events. A method of selecting the events with densely populated narrow regions or spikes out of a given sample of collision events is discussed. Employing this approach two events with large spikes in their η- and φ-distributions are selected for further analysis. For the sake of comparison, another two events which do not exhibit such spikes are simultaneously analyzed. The findings suggest that systematic studies of particle density fluctuations in one- and two-dimensional phase spaces and a comparison with those obtained from the studies of correlation-free Monte Carlo events, would be useful for identifying the events with large dynamical fluctuations. Formation of clusters or jet-like phenomena in multihadronic final states in individual events is also discussed and the experimental findings are compared with the independent particle emission hypothesis by carrying out Monte Carlo simulations. © CopyrightEPLA, 2015.
Multifractal analysis of heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC energies
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Anuj Chandra; Ashwini Kumar; Sweta K. Singh; Shakeel Ahmad; Bhartendu Kumar Singh
An extensive analysis of HYDJET++ generated heavy-ion collision data at collider energies is carried out using Takagi moment method based multifractal analysis approach, to search for the presence of local density fluctuations. We report first analysis on multifractality in Au-Au collisions for the RHIC energies, sNN=14.5 to 200 GeV and in Pb-Pb collisions at LHC energies, sNN=2.76 to 5.02 TeV in two-dimensional (η−ϕ) phase-space. The generalized dimension Dq for different orders q at different centralities have been calculated using the methodology proposed by Takagi. The calculated Dq values are found to exhibit collision energy as well as centrality dependent behaviour and analysis suggests the multifractal behaviour of charged particle spectra at collider energies. The linear dependence of the Dq values as a function of lnq(q−1) favours the multifractal Bernoulli representation and the values of multifractal specific heat, c, have been extracted from the Dq values to perform a comparative analysis with the available experimental data and other model results at collider energies. A slowly decreasing trend of the c values with increasing beam energy is observed for nuclear collisions at collider energies. In addition to this, the centrality dependent behaviour of the HYDJET++ calculated ’c’ values is observed for A-A collisions at collider energies. Further, Ginzberg-Landau (GL) theory framework is utilised here to analyse the dynamics of the HYDJET++ simulated A-A collisions at considered RHIC and LHC energies. A comparative analysis of the HYDJET++ calculated value of the critical exponent ’ ν ’, with other model calculations and with the reported experimental measurements is also presented. The ’ ν ’ values calculated in the present analysis exhibit approximately a constant value less than the value predicted by GL thoery for the considered RHIC and LHC energies, whereas it is quite close to 1 at LHC energies, agreeing well with the value predicted by 2D Ising model. © 2025 The Authors.
Pseudorapidity window size dependence of multiplicity fluctuations in high-energy collisions with system size and beam energies
(World Scientific, 2022) Ashwini Kumar; Gauri Devi; B.K. Singh; Bushra Ali; Shakeel Ahmad
An investigation of the critical behavior of strongly interacting quantum chromodynamics (QCD) matter has been performed by analyzing fluctuation observables on event-by-event (ebe) basis measured in high-energy collision experiments. The fluctuation analysis is performed using nuclear interactions at different target sizes and at different colliding beam energies as a function of varying width of pseudorapidity interval. For the sake of comparison, ebe multiplicity fluctuations in hadronic and heavy ion collisions (p-H, p-A and A-B) are studied within the framework of the Lund Monte Carlo-based FRITIOF model. Charged particle multiplicity and the variance of the multiplicity distribution are estimated for the interactions involving different target sizes and beam momenta, i.e., p-H, p-CNO, p-AgBr at 200 A GeV/c and 16O-AgBr collisions at 14.6 A, 60 A and 200 A GeV/c. Further, multiplicity fluctuations are quantified in terms of intensive quantity, the scaled variances ω and the strongly intensive quantity ςFB derived from the charged particle multiplicity and the width of the multiplicity distribution. Strongly intensive quantity ςFB is a quantity of great significance to extract information about short-and long-range multiplicity correlations. Furthermore, the collision centrality and centrality bin width-dependent behavior of the multiplicity fluctuation have been examined in the framework of Lund Monte Carlo-based FRITIOF model. Results based on the fluctuation analysis carried out in this study are interpreted in terms of dynamics of collision process and the possibility of related QCD phase transition. © 2022 World Scientific Publishing Company.
Scaling properties of particle density fluctuations at LHC energies
(Institute of Physics, 2024) Arpit Singh; Ashwini Kumar; Anuj Chandra; Sweta Singh; Shakeel Ahmad; B.K. Singh
The availability of high-multiplicity events at LHC energies provides a unique opportunity to examine the nature of phase-transition (PT) in heavy-ion collisions. Within the framework of HYDJET++ model, a systematic study of particle density fluctuations in narrow phase-space bins in Pb-Pb collisions at and 5.02 TeV energies is performed using the method of scaled factorial moments (SFM). The findings reveal the presence of intermittency in the 2-dimensional (2D) phase space distribution of charged particles at the LHC energies. The anomalous fractal dimensions, d q , are observed to increase with the order of the moments q, suggesting the multifractal nature of the charged particle production. The parameter λ q is found to exhibit a monotonically decreasing trend with the order of the moments but with no clear minima in λ q values. Furthermore, the value of the critical exponent is estimated and compared with those predicted by other models reported at RHIC and LHC energies. The value of the critical exponent, ν, obtained in the present study, shows significant departure from the value ∼1.304, as expected for the Ginzberg-Landau (GL) type second-order PT but exhibits a good level of agreement with the results obtained by other models at LHC energies. Copyright © 2024 EPLA.
Stereoselective synthesis of carbohydrate fused pyrano[3,2-c]pyranones as anticancer agents
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018) Priti Kumari; Sonal Gupta; Chintam Narayana; Shakeel Ahmad; Nidhi Vishnoi; Shailja Singh; Ram Sagar
Pyrano[3,2-c]pyranone is an important structural motif present in many natural products exhibiting diverse biological activities. Two series of carbohydrate fused pyrano[3,2-c]pyranone derivatives (n = 20) were efficiently synthesized starting from 2-C-formyl galactal and 2-C-formyl glucal, reacting with various 4-hydroxycoumarins in a very short reaction time (10 min) under microwave assisted conditions. The anticancer activity of these synthesized pyrano[3,2-c]pyranones was determined in detail through cellular assays against MCF-7 (breast), MDA-MB-231 (breast) and HepG2 (liver) cancer cell lines. The newly synthesized pyrano[3,2-c]pyranones were screened for their cell-viability and anti-proliferative activity against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and HepG2 cell lines. Compounds 12, 13 and 14 exhibited high growth inhibitory potencies selectively against MCF-7 cells with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 19.9, 14.5 and 10.9 μM respectively. Compounds 12, 13, 14, 15 and 19 inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells (breast) by 43, 44, 37, 31 and 45% respectively. However, no inhibitory effect was observed for these compounds in the human liver cancer cell line (HepG2) and normal cell lines (HEK293, human embryonic kidney cells). Mechanistic studies showed that these compounds alter the cell morphology and cause G2/M arrest in MCF-7. Further studies showed that compounds 12, 13 and 14 significantly inhibited cell migration which was accompanied by altered microtubule distribution. An enhanced accumulation of these compounds in cells was observed as compared to the 4-hydroxycoumarins precursor in the intracellular uptake assay. These findings confirm that carbohydrate fused pyrano[3,2-c]pyranones are better candidates for anticancer activity. © The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.