Browsing by Author "Shalini Verma"

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Effect of Aegle marmelos leaf extract on N-methyl N-nitrosourea-induced hepatocarcinogensis in Balb/c mice
(2013) Shalini Verma; Theeshan Bahorun; Ranjan Kumar Singh; Okezie I. Aruoma; Arvind Kumar
Context and objective: Tobacco smoke and nitrostable foods containing N-methyl N-nitrosourea (MNU) are among the primary causes of liver cancer. To substantiate the beneficial claims ascribed to Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa (Rutaceae), the hepatoprotective potential of its leaf extract was studied using an MNU-induced hepatocarcinogenesis model in Balb/c mice. Materials and methods: After dose selection, 40 mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups: I (control), II (intraperitoneally (i.p.) primed with 50 mg/kg MNU), III (100 mg/kg A. marmelos hydroalcoholic extract (HEAM) i.p.) and IV (MNU + HEAM, i.p.). Inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6), anti-inflammatory (IL-4) cytokine expression, apoptosis (Bcl-2) and tumor-related (p53, c-jun) genes were assessed at mRNA level. HEAM effects on hematological parameters were examined. Results and discussion: HEAM treatment decreased IL-1β, IL-6, Bcl-2 and c-jun respectively expressions by 90, 25, 53 and 30%, respectively. p53 and IL-4 expression was up-regulated by 1.5- and 2-fold. MNU decreased hemoglobin concentration (25%), lymphocyte count (42%) and increased leukocyte (100%), platelet (4-fold), neutrophil (43%), monocyte (10-fold) and eosinophil (10-fold) counts in Group II mice while HEAM modulated the same parameters by -7%, -21%, +24%, +3-fold, +12%, +3-fold and +4-fold, respectively, in MNU-induced mice compared to control. HEAM protective effect was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy where the MNU-induced peak at 1252 cm-1 was normalized. DNA fragmentation data suggest apoptosis as one of the protective mechanisms of HEAM. Conclusion: The hepatoprotective, anti-carcinogenic and immunomodulatory effects of A. marmelos extract indicate potential beneficial effects in cancer therapy. © 2013 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. All rights reserved.
Effect of cadmium on lipid peroxidation, superoxide anion generation and activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice seedlings
(2001) Kavita Shah; Ritambhara G Kumar; Shalini Verma; R.S Dubey
When seedlings of two rice cvs Ratna and Jaya were grown in sand cultures for a period of 5-20 days in the presence of 100 and 500 μM Cd(NO3)2 in the medium, elevated levels of lipid peroxides, increase in superoxide anion generation and a concomitant increase in the activities of guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were noticed in Cd-grown seedlings compared to controls. Cd was freely absorbed by the rice plants and its level in rice shoots increased in parallel with its concentration in the growth medium. Under 500 μM Cd treatment about 1.4-1.6 times increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels indicating enhanced lipid peroxidation was noted in shoots of 20 days grown seedlings whereas under similar conditions nearly 0.8-1.7 times increase in superoxide anion (O2-) generation was observed in the seedling. With increase in Cd level in situ a marked elevation in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase activities were observed. The increase in peroxidase activity was greater than SOD under Cd treatment. About 8-17 times higher level of peroxidase activity was recorded in the shoot of seedlings grown for 10 days under 500 μM Cd(NO3)2 compared to control grown seedlings. Higher level of peroxidase activity was observed in shoots than roots whereas higher SOD activity was noted in roots than shoots under both controls and Cd treatments. The activity of catalase increased in seedlings grown at moderately toxic Cd (100 μM) level whereas a highly toxic Cd (500 μM) level led to a marked inhibition in catalase activity. Results suggest that Cd induces oxidation stress in growing rice plants and that SOD and peroxidase could serve as important components of antioxidant defense mechanisms in rice to combat metal induced oxidative injury. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Fermented papaya preparation modulates the progression of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea induced hepatocellular carcinoma in Balb/c mice
(Elsevier Inc., 2016) Jhoti Somanah; Srishti Ramsaha; Shalini Verma; Ashok Kumar; Poornima Sharma; Ranjan Kumar Singh; Okezie I. Aruoma; Emmanuel Bourdon; Theeshan Bahorun
Aim and main method The medicinal properties of fermented papaya preparation (FPP) derived from Carica papaya fruit was investigated in order to determine its ability to modulate the progression of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea induced hepatocellular carcinoma in Balb/c mice. Key findings As well as reducing the physical symptoms associated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma, supplementation of Balb/c mice with 500 mg FPP/kg BW for 92 days normalized the blood cell count, led to an increased activity of several key antioxidant enzymes (SOD: + 20%, CAT: + 81%, GPx: + 66.1%, GR: + 54.4%; P < 0.001 vs. MNU control), increased the ferrous reducing antioxidant potential (+ 36.7%, P < 0.001 vs. MNU control) and reduced the extent of lipid peroxidation in the liver by 44.3% (P < 0.001 vs. MNU control). Significance Results demonstrated the ability of FPP to preserve the integrity of liver against oxidative damage and protect hepatocytes against irreversible DNA structural modifications induced by MNU, highlighting its potential role as an immune-defense modulator during hepatocarcinoma. © 2016 Elsevier Inc.
Lead toxicity induces lipid peroxidation and alters the activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice plants
(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2003) Shalini Verma; R.S. Dubey
When seedlings of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars were raised in sand cultures under 500 and 1000 μM Pb(NO3)2 in the medium, lengths as well as weights of roots and shoots decreased with increase in Pb concentration. Pb-treated seedlings showed elevated levels of lipid peroxides with a concomitant increase in the activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase compared to controls. Though Pb was readily absorbed by growing seedlings, its localization was greater in roots than shoots. The level of Pb accumulation in seedlings was far higher than the supplied one. Seedlings grown for 5-20 days in presence of 1000 μM Pb(NO3)2 showed about 21 -177% increase in the level of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) in shoots indicating enhanced lipid peroxidation compared to controls. With increase in the level of Pb treatment in situ peroxidases showed more increase in activity than SOD. Under both controls as well as Pb treatments roots maintained higher activity of these enzymes than shoots. About 87-100% increase in SOD activity, 1.2-5.6 times increase in guaiacol peroxidase activity and 1.2-1.9 times increase in ascorbate peroxidase activity was observed in the roots of seedlings grown for 15 days in presence of 1000 μM Pb in the medium. Under similar treatment conditions about 128-196% increase in glutathione reductase activity was recorded in roots and 69-196% increase in shoots compared to control grown seedlings. Pb treatment resulted in a decline in catalase activity in roots whereas in shoots catalase activity increased in seedlings grown at moderately toxic Pb (500 μM) level whereas a highly toxic Pb (1000 μM) level led to a marked inhibition in enzyme activity. Two catalase isoforms were detected in roots and three in shoots of the seedlings. A highly toxic Pb (1000 μM) level led to decrease in the intensity of two preexisting catalase isoforms in shoots. Results suggest that Pb induces oxidative stress in growing rice plants and that SOD, peroxidases and GR could serve as important components of antioxidative defense mechanism against Pb induced oxidative injury in rice. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Modulation of hepatocarcinogenesis in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea treated Balb/c mice by mushroom extracts
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016) Srishti Ramsaha; Vidushi S. Neergheen-Bhujun; Shalini Verma; Ashok Kumar; Rahul Kumar Bharty; Amit Kumar Chaudhary; Poornima Sharma; Ranjan Kumar Singh; Priya Huzar Futty Beejan; Kang Kyung-Sun; Theeshan Bahorun
The hepatoprotective potential of edible mushrooms from Mauritius, namely Pleurotus sajor-caju and Agaricus bisporus was evaluated using an N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis Balb/c mice model. Mushroom extracts restored normal weight in MNU treated mice over a 3 month supplementation period. Blood parameter analyses indicated a clear modulation of hemoglobin concentration, leukocyte, platelet, lymphocyte, neutrophil, monocyte and eosinophil counts in MNU-induced mice (p < 0.05). Mushroom extract supplementation effectively reduced oxidative damage in MNU-primed mice, which was marked by a significant decrease in the extent of lipid peroxidation (p < 0.05) and a concomitant increase in the enzymatic antioxidant levels, primarily catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and peroxidase, and FRAP values (p < 0.05). DNA protective effects of the extracts were confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, where, the MNU-DNA interaction, as evidenced by an intense peak at 1254 cm-1, was normalized. The findings demonstrate hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory and anti-carcinogenic effects and suggest the use of mushrooms as potential dietary prophylactics in cancer chemoprevention. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016.
N-methyl N-nitroso Urea induced altered DNA structure initiate hepatocarcinogenesis
(2012) Shalini Verma; Theeshan Bahorun; Arvind Kumar
The status of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2 and key transcription factor NFκB in hepatic milieu of N-methyl N-nitroso Urea (MNU) primed Balb/c mice was assessed using RT-PCR and Western blot. Haematoxyline & Eosin (H&E) based histology was performed to evaluate the morphological changes in the cancerous liver cells in respect to control. Laser spectroscopy was used to study the alteration in DNA structure. 40week MNU treatment induced increased expressions of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) of Bcl-2 at mRNA level and NFκB and IL-1β at protein level. Alteration in hepatocytes was clearly demonstrated in H&E stained liver sections compared to control. MNU primed liver DNA samples revealed an interference of MNU in nucleic acid bases and structure, reflected by a peak shift at 1456cm -1 and shoulder formation at 1357cm -1 compared to control DNA samples. This study emphasizes that MNU, a harmful industrial and environmental pollutant, potentially activates inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) in hepatic cells with increased expression of NFκB which might be responsible for hepatocarcinogenesis in Balb/c mice. The outcome sets the basis for further studies on the mitigating effects of dietary biofactors on MNU. © 2012 Elsevier Inc..