Browsing by Author "Shani Vishwakarma"

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Assessment of depression anxiety and stress levels among patients with epilepsy in a case control study
(Discover, 2025) Shani Vishwakarma; Abhishek Pathak; Anil Kumar Maurya; Nitish Kumar Singh; Ashish Ashish; Royana Singh
Introduction: People with epilepsy frequently experience depression, anxiety, and stress, which can significantly impact their quality of life and overall well-being. This study aimed to identify psychiatric comorbidities in individuals with epilepsy by assessing their prevalence and comparing them with a healthy control group. Methodology: This case-control study was conducted in the department of Anatomy, and patients were recruited from the Out-Patient Department of Neurology, from August 2022 to February 2024. The total number of participants was 388, including 194 Cases. 194 healthy controls were matched for age and sex, with participants under the age of 18 excluded. Psychiatric comorbidity was evaluated using standardized assessment tools and analyzed with Chi-square and one-way ANOVA. Results: The study involved 194 patients and 194 healthy controls, with a mean age of 25.11 ± 10.28 years. Among the patients, 58.2% were female and 41.8% were male. A significant difference in depression levels was found between patients on monotherapy and polytherapy (p = 0.003). However, no significant differences were found in anxiety (p = 0.214) and stress (p = 0.139). There are no significant links between depression, anxiety, stress and antiepileptic drugs. Patients with epilepsy exhibited significantly higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress compared to healthy controls, with a statistical significance of p = 0.001. Conclusion: The study highlights the elevated levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among patients with epilepsy. Clinicians and healthcare practitioners should adopt comprehensive and holistic assessment methods to address and mitigate these psychiatric comorbidities in epilepsy patients. © The Author(s) 2025.
Cytokine profiles and metabolic dysregulation in endometriosis: insights into diagnostic and therapeutic targets
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Ashish Ashish; Sangeeta Rai; Shivani Mishra; Anil Kumar Maurya; Abhay Kumar Yadav; Shani Vishwakarma; Royana Singh
Introduction: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder marked by the ectopic growth of endometrial-like tissue, affecting 10–15% of women of reproductive age. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) drive inflammation and disease progression, while anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β, IL-10) maintain immune balance. Metabolic markers like homocysteine, folic acid, and vitamin B12 may influence immune regulation and contribute to endometriosis pathophysiology. Methodology: Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β, CRP, Ferritin, IL-4, IFN-γ, Homocysteine, Folic Acid, and Vitamin B12 were quantified using ELISA kits. Unpaired t-tests and Pearson correlation were used to assess immune-metabolic differences between endometriosis patients and healthy controls. Results: TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, homocysteine, ferritin, and reduced IFN-γ and CRP levels in the case group compared to controls (p < 0.05). TNFα (p = 0.0008), IL-1β (p = 0.0005), and homocysteine (p < 0.0001) were notably higher in cases. IFN-γ (p < 0.0001) and CRP (p < 0.0001) were significantly lower in cases. IL-6 (p = 0.0020), IL-10 (p = 0.0051), ferritin (p = 0.0338), and folate (p = 0.0134) also showed significant differences. TGF-β, IL-4, and Vit-B12 levels did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). These findings suggest altered cytokine and biochemical profiles in disease pathophysiology. Conclusion: The study highlights significant alterations in inflammatory cytokines and metabolic markers in endometriosis patients compared to healthy controls. Elevated pro-inflammatory and altered anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, along with metabolic imbalance, suggest immune-metabolic dysregulation in disease pathogenesis. These findings may aid in identifying potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for endometriosis. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2025.
Dissecting the paternal founders of Mundari (Austroasiatic) speakers associated with the language dispersal in South Asia
(Springer Nature, 2021) Prajjval Pratap Singh; Shani Vishwakarma; Gazi Nurun Nahar Sultana; Arno Pilvar; Monika Karmin; Siiri Rootsi; Richard Villems; Mait Metspalu; Doron M. Behar; Toomas Kivisild; George van Driem; Gyaneshwer Chaubey
The phylogenetic analysis of Y chromosomal haplogroup O2a-M95 was crucial to determine the nested structure of South Asian branches within the larger tree, predominantly present in East and Southeast Asia. However, it had previously been unclear that how many founders brought the haplogroup O2a-M95 to South Asia. On the basis of the updated Y chromosomal tree for haplogroup O2a-M95, we analysed 1437 male samples from South Asia for various novel downstream markers, carefully selected from the extant phylogenetic tree. With this increased resolution of genetic markers, we were able to identify at least three founders downstream to haplogroup O2a-M95, who are likely to have been associated with the dispersal of Austroasiatic languages to South Asia. The fourth founder was exclusively present amongst Tibeto-Burman speakers of Manipur and Bangladesh. In sum, our new results suggest the arrival of Austroasiatic languages in South Asia during last 5000 years. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Society of Human Genetics.
Effects of SARS-Cov-2 infection and rhino-orbital mucormycosis on concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers in Indian populations
(IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2022) Ajay Kumar Yadav; Shivam Tiwari; Bhupendra Kumar; Abhay Kumar Yadav; Ashish Ashish; Nitish Kumar Singh; Manpreet Kaur; Shivani Mishra; Shani Vishwakarma; Surendra Pratap Mishra; Rajendra Prakash Maurya; Nargis Khanam; Pooja Dubey; Janhavi Yadav; Royana Singh; Sayeed Mehbub Ul Kadir
Rhino-orbital mucormycosis is a rare life threatening invasive fungal infection that has recently shown a very high mortality rate in India during COVID-19 pandemic. We have designed the present study to find out associations between COVID-19 induced rhino-orbital mucormycosis and concentrations of inflammatory markers, i.e. D-dimer, Ferritin, IL-6, CRP and PCT, in blood serum of Indian population. There were four groups in the study, viz. control group with healthy subjects, treatment group-1 with patients suffering from SARS-COV-2 infection, treatment group-2 with patients suffering from both SARS-COV-2 infection and rhino-orbital mucormycosis, and treatment group-3 with patients suffering from rhino-orbital mucormycosis after SARS-COV-2 infection recovery. Inflammatory markers were quantified with standard protocols, and recorded data were subjected to statistical analyses. We found that patients suffering from SARS-COV-2 infection were more susceptible to rhino-orbital mucormycosis, as they had higher concentrations of inflammatory markers in their blood than the other subjects. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and renal disorders were the associated comorbidities with the patients. We also found higher concentrations of inflammatory markers in males than the females, indicating towards their higher susceptibility in developing rhino-orbital mucormycosis than females. Present study therefore suggests that the frequent occurrence of rhino-orbital mucormycosis in India during second wave of COVID-19 was possibly due to indiscriminate use of corticosteroids by COVID-19 patients. Subjects with previous history of comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders and renal diseases are the most susceptible population groups for developing infection. Moreover, males are at higher risk of developing mucormycosis than the females. © 2022 Innovative Publication, All rights reserved.
Trace elements and cognitions in elderly population: a case–control study
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Anil Kumar Maurya; Mona Srivastava; Ashish Ashish; Nitish Kumar Singh; Abhay Kumar Yadav; Shani Vishwakarma; Royana Singh
There have been almost no studies with trace elements and psychological battery in cognitively impaired elderly individuals. Such research is crucial to enhance diagnostic accuracy. We aim to identify significant differences in blood serum concentration levels of trace elements, Hindi Mini-Mental State Examination (HMMSE), and psychological battery as Hindi Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (HMDRS) scores between case and control groups in the elderly. A cross-sectional research design was conducted with a total of 240 subjects, comprising 120 each from the case and control groups. Trace elements were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. HMMSE and HMDRS tests were administered to assess cognition scores. The chi-square test, t-test, and appropriate statistics were utilized. Our findings indicate significant differences in demographic factors (age, gender, education level) and clinical levels (p <.001), while caste, habitat, and marital status were not significant (p <.05). Concentration levels of Iron (Fe) and Copper (Cu) was higher, Zinc (Zn), Chromium (Cr), and Selenium (Se) were lower, significantly different (p <.001), but Magnesium (Mg) was not (p <.05). Additionally, third HMMSE and HMDRS were significant (p <.001) between the case and control groups in the elderly. The study suggested that higher levels of Fe and Cu, while lower Zn, Cr, and Se blood serum concentrations increased the risk of cognitive impairments in the elderly population, demonstrated by the HMMSE and HMDRS test scores which were lower in the case group. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2025.
Unveiling the role of trace elements in modulating inflammatory and oxidative pathways in CAG repeat–driven spinocerebellar ataxia
(Academic Press, 2025) Surbhi Singh; Deepika Srivastava Joshi; Abhay Kumar Yadav; Shani Vishwakarma; Janki Makani; Janhavi Yadav; Anil Kumar Maurya; Gulabi Yadav; Chandmayee Mohanty; Anand Kumar; Royana Singh
Spinocerebellar ataxias are genetically inherited neurodegenerative disorders, primarily caused by CAG trinucleotide repeat expansions in genes. While these genetic mutations initiate disease onset, increasing evidence suggests that systemic factors, particularly trace element imbalance, oxidative stress, and immune dysregulation, play critical roles in disease progression. In this study, peripheral blood samples from genetically confirmed SCA patients (n = 15) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 18) were analyzed. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy revealed significant alterations in plasma concentrations of both essential and toxic trace elements, suggesting their involvement in neurotoxicity, redox imbalance, and inflammation. To explore these links, oxidative stress markers, including malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as cytokines such as interleukin-6, interleukin-4, and interleukin-10, were quantified using ELISA. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy of these markers, particularly GPx and IL-10. A strong interconnection was observed among trace element dysregulation, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses, indicating a synergistic role in exacerbating neurodegeneration. Molecular docking revealed that abnormal trace element levels may impair antioxidant enzyme function by disrupting metal-binding interactions, offering mechanistic insight into enzymatic dysfunction. Bioinformatics analyses, including functional enrichment and protein–protein interaction mapping, identified significant associations with mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species metabolism, and cytokine signaling pathways. These findings suggest that SCA pathogenesis is not driven by genetic mutation alone. The combined effects of trace element imbalance, oxidative stress, and inflammation contribute to a complex pathogenic network, reinforcing the importance of targeting both genetic and systemic factors in therapeutic strategies. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd