Browsing by Author "Sharad Nema"

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Agroforestry a model for ecological sustainability
(Elsevier, 2021) Abhishek Raj; Manoj Kumar Jhariya; Arnab Banerjee; Ram Swaroop Meena; Sharad Nema; Nahid Khan; Shailesh Kumar Yadav; Gourisankar Pradhan
The success stories of agroforestry systems (AFS) are prevalent in the tropical regions due to its multifarious ecosystem services that resulted into climate and food security along with socioeconomic development of poor farmers. The existence and progressive development of AFS is quite linked with scientific-based practices and management of different models in the varying regions and localities that tells a story about tree crop interaction and makes synergies among soil nutrients loads, perennial trees, herbaceous crops, and livestocks. Overall, a healthy relationship among various components of agroforestry models will be helpful for farmers both in terms of economic benefits along with better ecosystem structure and its services. No doubt, agroforestry practices (AFP) is socially acceptable, economically viable and ecologically sound but their scientific-based management practices are still required for making the consistency of models for long term basis in future that is directly linked with farmers rejoice. However, the scope and potential of AFS are inevitable due to its wide adoptability and spreading capacity in various regions of the tropics such as Asia, Africa, and European countries. Carbon (C) storage and sequestration by tree in agroforestry are the greatest phenomenon that helps in mitigating changing climate and global warming that promotes environmental security and ecological sustainability along with enhancing wood biomass for satisfying people’s basic need and national demand. World Agroforestry (ICRAF) mentioned that tropical AFS has a capacity to sequestered between 12 and 228 Mg/ha of C and according to this approximate 1.1-2.2 Pg C could be stored in terrestrial ecosystems up to coming 50 years by the AFS in areas of 585-1215 × 106 ha of the total earth surface. Thus, sustainable practices of agroforestry model not only help in enhancing the forest cover in the current era of ongoing forest degradation but also promote better ecosystem by enhancing soil fertility, efficient nutrient cycling, balancing C between environment and different models, and promoting biodiversity along with food and environmental security. In this context, this chapter presents the potential of agroforestry and its ecosystem services that help in maintaining ecological sustainability at global level. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.
Plan and Policies for Soil Organic Carbon Management Under Agroforestry System
(Springer Nature, 2022) Manoj Kumar Jhariya; Abhishek Raj; Arnab Banerjee; Ram Swaroop Meena; Surendra Singh Bargali; Sandeep Kumar; Sharad Nema; P. Poonam; Prabhat Ranjan Oraon
Soil degradation is a major issue through various countries across the globe. During the present century, it was observed that land degradation has become a predominant phenomenon among different environmental perturbation. As per one estimate, 3 billion people (1/3) across the globe are suffering crisis situation in terms of land degradation. Anthropogenic process such as deforestation and land-use changes causes 30% reduction in C (carbon) stock. Further, faulty and unscientific agricultural practices cause more than 50% depletion of soil organic C. This in turn causes reduction of 5–7 tons C/hectare. Therefore, proper soil management along with maintenance of soil C pool becomes important from the context of arresting further soil degradation. In this connection, 122 countries across the globe have already initiated land restoration and rehabilitation programs. Considering this fact sustainable land-use practices in the form of agroforestry and ecofriendly farming become essential component for well-being of human civilization. Agroforestry has huge potential to provide 50% demand of fuelwood, 60% of small timber, 75% of plywood, 60% of paper pulp raw material, and up to 10% green fodder requirement with a ground coverage of 29.38 million hectare (8.94% of country’s area). This in turn contributes up to 38% of C sink to the total sink of forest and other vegetation of the country. Proper policy and planning are essential requirement to properly manage soil C and maintain the long-term soil sustainability. Key policy issues include 4p1000; Bonn Challenge has been initiated throughout the world for proper management of soil health and sustainability. For C management and maintenance of soil fertility practices such land degradation neutrality, sustainable land management is the effective measure. In this perspective, key policy agenda includes Agenda 2030 Target 15.3 on Land Degradation Neutrality which has already been initiated for public awareness regarding soil resources. Further, more than 60 countries are working in the field of integrated soil fertility management for soil organic C buildup through agroforestry. Agroforestry implementation through National Agroforestry Policy 2014 is a masterstroke for India to implement agroforestry practices under diverse land use prioritizing 20 multipurpose tree species under policy perspective. Overall, suitable policy and planning on case-to-case basis are required to formulate to achieve the 2030 goal of sustainable development. © The Editor(s)(if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.