Browsing by Author "Shipa Rani Dey"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5

Genetic Improvement of Groundnut
(Springer Nature, 2024) Shipa Rani Dey; Monika Sharma; Prasann Kumar; Padmanabh Dwivedi
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a vital oilseed crop known for its high protein content. It also serves as a critical source of fodder for the cattle industry in many developing nations. Nevertheless, the overall productivity of groundnuts is hindered by a range of biotic and abiotic stressors due to their geocarpic growth habit. Prior endeavours to tackle these challenges by creating enhanced groundnut cultivars and integrating resistance and tolerance mechanisms are often needed to be improved due to subpar pod and kernel quality. A promising option resides in biotechnological interventions, particularly the direct or indirect alteration of foreign genes, which can augment overall crop production. The study involved genetically modifying groundnuts using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens system to introduce the AtNHX1 gene, which codes for a vacuolar-type Na+/H+ antiporter, under the supervision of the 35S promoter. The findings demonstrated that transgenic plants harbouring the AtNHX1 gene displayed excessive resistance to elevated salt levels and water scarcity among off-type fauna. Significantly, the genetically modified plants exhibited heightened concentrations of salt and proline in their leaves, suggesting enhanced resistance to stress. The effectiveness of biotechnological interventions, such as gene transformation, is demonstrated by genetically modified groundnut genotypes that possess inherent resistance to stressors and improved yield characteristics. These contemporary molecular biotechnological methods demonstrate heightened resilience to different stresses, ultimately improving crop growth and yield. The stress-tolerant groundnut varieties that have been modified can be used as parent plants in conventional breeding initiatives. This enables the cultivation of cultivars that are immune to bacterial, viral, fungal, and other ailments, as well as resilient to drought and salinity. This chapter explores the historical background and future potential of genetic modification technologies that enhance groundnut varieties against significant biological and environmental challenges. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Genetic Improvement of Mustard
(Springer Nature, 2024) Shipa Rani Dey; Monika Sharma; Prasann Kumar; Padmanabh Dwivedi
Brassica, a commercially crucial oilseed crop, is primarily cultivated in India and certain regions of Russia, Canada, Australia, and China. Due to the increasing demand for edible oils, growers are under growing pressure to increase yields to fulfil the expanding specifications of the food and paint industries. However, many biotic and abiotic stressors hinder mustard’s overall productivity. To achieve significant increases in crop yield, it is essential to enhance the ability of plants to withstand various stress factors by extensively manipulating their genetics through breeding programmes. These efforts rely on the organised gathering, protection, assessment, and utilisation of various genetic resources customised for specific challenges. The lack of germplasm or varieties that can resist crossing has necessitated using genetic engineering techniques to improve Indian mustard crops. Indian mustard has been effectively modified by introducing genes that withstand various biotic stresses. These genes include lectins, which help control aphids; chitinase and glucanase, which aid in disease management; and CODA, LEA, and ion antiporter genes, which help mitigate abiotic stresses. Induced mutagenesis is a technique that expands and exploits advantageous genetic variations to enhance crops more efficiently. It has been effectively utilised to improve the production and efficiency of various crop species. Moreover, antisense and RNAi technologies have been used to boost the seed meal and oil quality. Yellow mustard, scientifically known as Sinapis alba L., falls within the Brassicaceae family. It plays a vital role in improving genetic traits in cash crops of the Brassicaceae family, thus contributing to ongoing efforts in genetic enhancement. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Heavy Metals: Transport in Plants and Their Physiological and Toxicological Effects
(Springer Nature, 2022) Prasann Kumar; E. Lokesh Goud; Priyanka Devi; Shipa Rani Dey; Padmanabh Dwivedi
Heavy metal pollution in the environment is becoming a serious problem and a major concern as it is causes negative effects all over the world. These inorganic pollutants are being discarded in soils, water and the atmosphere as a result of rapidly growing agriculture and metal industries, improper waste disposal, pesticides and fertilisers. This chapter explains how these pollutants enter our environment and cause serious diseases such as cancer by interfering with biological functions and accumulating in various organs. This chapter also describes the toxicological and pharmacokinetic properties of metals and their translocation in the plant, some biochemical properties and physiological effects of such metals in humans as well as in plants. © The Editor(s)(if applicable) and The Author(s),under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
Insights into the Genetic Improvement of Canola
(Springer Nature, 2024) Monika Sharma; Shipa Rani Dey; Prasann Kumar; Padmanabh Dwivedi
The Canola (Brassica napus L.) plant is a vegetable oilseed crop that may be used as a leafy vegetable, a source of edible oil, feed for cattle, a source of protein, and for industrial applications. Even its waste can be recycled and fed to animals or used as an ornamental crop. It is imperative to note that various genetic engineering tools and plant breeding technologies may play an essential role in developing climate-resilient canola with higher nutrient utilisation efficiency (NUE). It has been found that the synthesis of stress metabolites in canola results in an imbalance in hormone levels, which further results in reduced yield and oil content. Crop improvement in canola is possible through modern omics genetic tools such as quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, transcriptomic, qPCR and RNA-sequencing, molecular markers, gene mapping, gene editing, etc. Scientists are very interested in knowing that canola proteins are safe for consumption and that producing them is economically feasible by altering or optimising the protein production chain in canola. This chapter focuses on the advances and limitations in plant transformation strategies for the genetic improvement of canola to achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture, which would benefit consumers, farmers, and the economy. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Toward Sustainable Agriculture: Strategies Involving Phytoprotectants Against Reactive Oxygen Species
(Springer Nature, 2023) Priyanka Devi; Shipa Rani Dey; Lalit Saini; Prasann Kumar; Sonam Panigrahi; Padmanabh Dwivedi
A primary goal of this book chapter is to summarize knowledge on the effects of phytoprotectants of microbial origin (e.g., root growth-promoting rhizobacteria, root growth-promoting mycorrhiza fungi), phytohormones, osmoprotectants, antioxidants, as well as the metabolic compounds like melatonin which are related to reactive oxygen species. It is well-known that increasing environmental stresses have a detrimental effect on a plant’s health as well as its productivity. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has in a recent report outlined the important task of devising strategies to deal with the impact of climate change. Increasing environmental stress and altered weather patterns can be considered as evidence of the effects of climate change on crop production. Among these serious issues are soil salinity, flooding, droughts, pollution, metal and metalloid toxicity, and extreme temperature changes. This is due to the fact that stress factors are more commonly present in plants because of the variability of these conditions combined with plant immobility. It is crucial to increase the adaptability of crop plants to these stresses in order to meet the increased food needs of the population. There are a number of mechanisms that can be used to improve plant tolerance to stress using exogenous phytoprotectants as a means of reducing these stresses. In order to enhance the resistance of plants to these stresses, a wide range of phytoprotectants have been proved to be highly effective. It is the purpose of this chapter to discuss in detail a number of phytoprotectants including osmoprotectants, phytohormones, antioxidants, and nitric oxide. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.