Browsing by Author "Shiv Shankar Patel"

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An Overview of Predacious Fungi for the Management of Root-Knot Disease in Vegetables
(Springer Nature, 2023) Vandana Sahu; Ashwani Kumar Patel; Shiv Shankar Patel
Plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) are ubiquitous in agricultural soils. They damage a range of vegetables as well as other agricultural crops worldwide. Some predaceous fungi, which act as nematode’s natural enemies, are one of the best pest management remedies. Some of these microbes create traps, resulting in the eelworms getting trapped and killed. Other predacious fungi behave as parasites inside the nematodes, producing poisons and virulence components that kill the nematodes internally. In order to develop powerful biological control agents against nematodes, it is crucial to understand the underlying principles of microbe-nematode interactions. In addition to focusing on the methods by which predaceous fungi infect worms and the nematode defence against dangerous infections, this book chapter reviews recent developments in our understanding of the interactions between nematodes and predaceous fungi. This chapter comprises important topics for more research and development, including prospective plans for applying our most recent findings to create efficient biocontrol methods for managing root-knot diseases of vegetables. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.
Diagnosis and Detection of Major Airborne Fungal Phytopathogens
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2025) Ravindra Kumar; Seweta Srivastava; Aishwarya Singh Rathore; R. C. Tiwari; Shyam Saran Vaish; Shiv Shankar Patel; S. Dasaratha Kumar; Sunil Kashyap; Udai B. Singh; Gyanendra Pratap Singh
Food safety and security are at risk because agricultural crops are infected by a number of pathogens, including bacteria, fungus, viruses, viroids, and plant viruses. The diminutions in foods caused by these phytopathogenic agents have been persistent concerns related to agriculture for generations all throughout the world. Airborne fungal phytopathogens create significant threats to agricultural ecosystems, causing sizeable economic losses and jeopardizing food security worldwide. When developing management methods, the most crucial factors are thought to be the prompt detection and precise identification of the causative agents linked to crop diseases. The methods and technologies now used in the identification and detection of the main airborne fungal phytopathogens are thoroughly reviewed in this chapter. Firstly, traditional diagnostic techniques such as microscopy, culture-based methods, and air samplers are discussed, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Additionally, molecular techniques, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), etc., are examined for their sensitivity, specificity, and applicability in detecting airborne fungal pathogens. Overall, this chapter aims to provide valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers involved in the management and surveillance of airborne fungal phytopathogens, fostering advancements in disease control strategies and safeguarding global crop production. © 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
Important Plant Parasitic Nematodes (PPNs) of Major Cereals in India and Their Management
(CRC Press, 2025) Shyam Saran Vaish; Shiv Shankar Patel; Vandana Sahu; Ashwani Kumar Patel; Vinod B. Upadhyay
Cereals play an important role in meeting the objective of national food security. Among the different cereals, rice and wheat are considered major crops in India. These widely grown crops are affected by various abiotic and biotic stresses. Among the biotic stresses, plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) cause significant losses and affect their production. Among the PPNs, root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne graminicola L.), Cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera spp.), Seed gall nematode of wheat (Anguina tritici L.), Lance nematode (Hoplolaimus galeatus L.), root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus spp.), Tundu or yellow year rot (Rathaybacter tritici + Anguina tritici), rice root nematode (Hirschmanniella spp.) pose major threat to the cereal production. These nematodes do not produce distinguishable symptoms as produced by other plant pathogens. Yellowing, stunting and wilting eventually leading to plant death are the most common characteristic symptoms that may mislead. Therefore, the suspected plants should be uprooted for the presence of galls, lesions, cysts and nature of root growth, and the rhizosphere soil should also be processed for the presence of predominant plant parasitic nematodes. The objective of management of plant parasitic nematodes can be fulfilled by increasing the number of predators, parasites and pathogens in the soil by cultural practices and or by their introduction into the soil as biological control agents. An integrated approach is of paramount importance for achieving the ultimate goal of sustainable agriculture. Hence, the present topic appears to be very useful for the policy makers, plant protection personnel and students. © 2026 selection and editorial matter, Dinesh Singh, Rashid Pervez, and Anoop Kumar; individual chapters, the contributors.
Multi-environmental evaluation of barley core collection against spot blotch for genetic variability and identification of promising genotypes exhibiting resistance
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2025) Shiv Shankar Patel; Shyam Saran Vaish; Sherry Rachel Jacob; Gajendra Pratap Prasad Singh; Vikender Kaur
Background: Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker significantly impedes global barley production by impacting grain, fodder yield, and malt quality. Host resistance presents a sustainable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly method for disease management. The extent of resistance and the number of resistant accessions are limited within barley genetic resources. Therefore, the present studies on the evaluation of the selected barley core collection consisting of 678 genotypes under the multi-environmental conditions have paramount importance. To identify stable resistance resources, the trial was conducted at Varanasi, India. This location is known as the hot spot of spot blotch. Results: The analysis of variance (ANOVA) for determining varying levels of spot blotch resistance among the examined genotypes revealed a significant genotypic variation among the accessions against the disease based on the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). After correlating the disease severity with the elevated minimum temperatures and humidity levels, it was found to be higher during the first cropping season (2021–2022) with a mean AUDPC value of 852.89 ± 6.48 over the second cropping season (2022–2023) that showed a mean AUDPC of 761.10 ± 6.78. Average AUDPC scores across four test environments revealed that none of the evaluated genotypes showed a completely resistant reaction (AUDPC < 285) to spot blotch. Two genotypes (EC0667513-sel and EC0667512-sel) of six-row barley exhibited moderately resistant (MR) reaction (AUDPC < 355) under the natural field conditions; however, among these two, only EC0667513-sel was found to be MR during the validation under the artificial epiphytotic conditions. Further comparison of the performance and stability among these two MR genotypes through GGE biplot analysis indicated that EC0667512-sel was specifically adapted to certain environments, but was inconsistent overall. In contrast, EC0667513-sel indicated a good mean performance and higher stability across all environments. Conclusion: The GGE biplot effectively analyzed genotype-environment interactions and identified optimal evaluation sites and stable resistant genotypes for spot blotch resistance. These findings provide valuable insights for future breeding programs focused on integrating resistance traits into new barley varieties. © The Author(s) 2025.