Browsing by Author "Shiv Vendra Singh"

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Biochar enhances carbon stability and regulates greenhouse gas flux under crop production systems
(Elsevier, 2024) Anamika Barman; Anurag Bera; Priyanka Saha; Saptaparnee Dey; Suman Sen; Ram Swaroop Meena; Shiv Vendra Singh; Amit Kumar Singh
Soil carbon is crucial for food security, ecosystem functioning, greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation, and environmental sustainability in extreme climate vulnerabilities. The GHG emissions usually rise along with agronomic practices, anthropogenic activities, paddy cultivation, fertilizer use, and livestock. In this context, biochar, a rich carbon source, produced by the process of pyrolysis of biomass, is a stable form of carbon that enhances soil organic carbon sequestration. Due to the presence of carbon in an aromatic state, biochar is critical for carbon sequestration and resistant to microbial decomposition. Recently, surplus biomass or crop residues from various production systems have gained a lot of attention due to their serious implications for environmental sustainability. Instead of increasing ecological pollution by burning, surplus crop residues from various agricultural production systems can be converted to biochar by pyrolysis, which offers safe and sustainable disposal of excess crop residues of crop production systems along with GHG mitigation co-benefits. Thus, biochar application may provide a long-term solution to combating climate change with other benefits. However, there is limited knowledge available about the effect of biochar application on carbon stability and GHG emissions fluxes under crop production systems. © 2024 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Biochar Production for Green Economy: Agricultural and Environmental Perspectives
(Elsevier, 2024) Shiv Vendra Singh; Sandip Mandal; Ram Swaroop Meena; Sumit Chaturvedi; K. Govindaraju
Biochar Production for Green Economy: Agricultural and Environmental Perspectives addresses the advancements and developments for the efficient diversification of biochar toward achieving improved agricultural and environmental benefits. This comprehensive and cohesive volume is the first to address the potential multi-and transdisciplinary opportunities of effective biochar production and use. Including the potential applicability of not only crop waste biochar but weeds, agroforestry, agroindustry, municipal waste, as well chapters explore surface modified, enriched or tailored biochar for soil amendment, GHGs mitigation, bioremediation of organic, inorganic, metals and other emerging pollutants, as well as soil remediation. It also covers the trending multidisciplinary approaches of nanotechnology, surface chemistry and thermal decomposition advancements being adopted for capacity enhancement and versatile applicability in the field of agriculture, environment science and green energy synthesis. Composition and characteristics of tailored biochar, their interactions, and transformation into the soil and water ecosystem are illustrated. This book is a valuable resource for those pursuing biochar related areas as well as those seeking environmentally sustainable solutions to crop, soil or water issues. © 2024 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Biochar's multifaceted role in bioremediation of emerging contaminants and heavy metals in complex rhizospheric ecosystem
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Shiv Vendra Singh; Shivangi Raghuvanshi; Yogeshwar V. Singh; Krishna Kumar Yadav; Amel Gacem; Tony Manoj K. Nandipamu; Mohammad Khalid; Rashida Hameed; Rashmi Sharma; Debarati Datta; Saurabh Ghosh; Arpna Kumari; Ajay Kumar Singh; Biswajit Pramanick; Xiuxiu Zhang; Chongqing Wang; Maha Awjan Awjan Alreshidi
Rising prevalence of emerging contaminants (ECs) and priority heavy metals (PHMs) poses grave threats to the health of the environment and humankind, majorly resulting from human activity such as mining, disposal of industrial wastes, and use of chemicals. These pollutants drastically reduce soil biodiversity, fertility, and crop yield, rendering agricultural goods hazardous. Biochar has recently received attention as a sustainable bioremediation solution for ECs and PHMs through diverse physical, chemical, and biological processes. Biochar has demonstrated significant bioremediation efficiency for PAHs, antibiotics, microplastics, and pesticides varied from 50 to 95% and 60–90% for PHMs in a wide range of ecosystems. The interactive mechanisms of complexation, precipitation, ion exchange, surface sorption, and electrostatic interaction, hydrophobic interaction electron donor and acceptor interaction altogether enhance contaminant immobilization and biodegradation. Furthermore, biochar has been shown to aid in the breakdown of contaminants while lowering the transportation and accessibility of heavy metals. Besides remediation, biochar improves the rhizospheric environment by enhancing plant growth, nutrient uptake, and soil vitality. Its ability to remove both heavy metals and organic pollutants from wastewater and soil matrices, and its influence on their bioavailability and transport, show the dual nature of biochar in restoring environments. This manuscript attempts to provide in-depth insight into the challenges that ECs and PHMs pose, the role of biochar in their removal, and delicate soil-plant-biochar interactions. The work here discusses these interacting effects, thus giving insight into the potential of biochar in the immobilization of ECs and PHMs through many interspecific reactions, and also the soil-plant-biochar interactions and possibilities for successful remediation. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd
Crop waste conversion into biochar: an overview
(Elsevier, 2024) Rini Labanya; Parmanand Sahu; Sandip Mandal; Shiv Vendra Singh; Ram Swaroop Meena
The level of CO2 in the atmospheric carbon pool can be reduced to some extent by utilizing biochar technology which is realized by adding a recalcitrant form of carbon in the soil. Utilizing biochar effectively may make it possible to control soil health and encourage fertility. Millions of tonnes of biomass and crop waste that aren't used as animal feed might be converted into biochar to boost the carbon content of the soil. The high surface area, cation exchnage capacity, high water-holding capacity, pore size; volume, and distribution, as well as molecular structure of biochar, among other chemical, physical, and biological characteristics, can increase nutrient availability and microbial communities for enhancing soil quality. Biochar also reduces the greenhouse gas emission from crop fields and acts as natural filtration media for water and air purification. It can also be effectively used for soil health remediation and reclamation of degraded soils. Biochar has high adsorption properties which help in the removal of heavy metals from wastewater. Thus, biochar has a diverse arena of applications and can be easily derived from any lignocellulosic biomass. © 2024 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Effective Use of Nanomaterials to Maintain Soil Fertility and Reduce Heavy Metal Toxicity in Soil
(CRC Press, 2024) Biswajit Pramanick; Anurag Bera; Priyanka Saha; Anamika Barman; Shiv Vendra Singh; Rishav Kumar; Sagar Maitra; Akbar Hossain
The advent of nanotechnology has enabled scientists to devise strategies for the preparation of smart fertilizers that can not only improve the growth and productivity of plants, but also protect the plants from the adverse effects of abiotic and biotic stresses. Development of nanocomposites have been attempted to ensure the supply of essential nutrients to the plants by improving the soil fertility. This has been attempted through the deployment of nanoparticle-based smart delivery systems. Among the abiotic stresses, heavy metal stress has been known to significantly effect plant performance, thereby impacting the yield. In this connection, carbon-based nano-adsorbents (carbon nanotubes, carbon nanoparticles and graphene) and metal-based nano-adsorbents (magnetic nanoparticles) are the two primary categories of nano-adsorbents that can be used for nullifying the effect of heavy metals present in soil. Therefore, these nano-adsorbents can be used to treat polluted soils under in-situ or ex-situ conditions, thereby improving soil health and fertility. This chapter presents the application of environment-friendly nanomaterials to reduce heavy metal toxicity in the soil. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Swarnendu Roy and Akbar Hossain; individual chapters, the contributors.
Microbial dynamics and carbon stability under biochar-amended soils
(Elsevier, 2024) Shreyas Bagrecha; Kadagonda Nithinkumar; Nilutpal Saikia; Ram Swaroop Meena; Artika Singh; Shiv Vendra Singh
Biochar is a potentially valuable soil amendment that can improve soil quality and mitigate climate change through the sequestration of carbon in the soil. It is a carbon-rich and fine-grained material that is produced by allowing organic matter to high temperatures in the absence of oxygen. This chapter delves into the intricate interplay among soil microbial dynamics, biochar, and carbon stability, focusing on significant microbial groups involved in carbon cycling processes. Additionally, it examines the influence of biochar on the composition, diversity, and functional capabilities of microbial communities. Apart from that, biochar effects on enzymatic processes and the breakdown and stabilization of soil organic carbon. Overall, this chapter offers valuable insights into the complex interplay among biochar, soil microbes and carbon stability, thereby shedding light on the potential of biochar in sustainable soil health management tool for climate change mitigation and agricultural sustainability. The chapter findings make a valuable contribution to our comprehension of the microbial dynamics included in carbon sequestration mechanisms, thereby establishing a foundation for subsequent investigations and the implementation of practical strategies in the field of agro-environmental management. © 2024 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Occurrence of emerging contaminants in soils and impacts on rhizosphere
(Elsevier, 2024) Shiv Vendra Singh; Nidhi Luthra; Sayantika Bhattacharya; Anurag Bera; Diksha Pande; Debarati Datta; Rashmi Sharma; Shakti Om Pathak
Emerging contaminants (ECs) encompass both natural and synthetic chemicals that are present or transformed to new chemical compounds across the globe. These pollutants are frequently found in water bodies at very low concentration being contributed by various types of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, cleaning agents, daily use plastic products, industrial effluents, residual pesticides, nanomaterials, narcotics, etc. The polyfluoroalkyl substances, micro/nanoplastics, biphenyl, phthalate esters, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, nanoparticles, etc. are being broadly covered under such categories that are imposing negative effects on freshwater sources, rhizosphere soil quality, and human and earth ecosystem. Since contamination has become a challenge for environmental protection, a variety of municipal, national, international, and intergovernmental environmental protection groups are developing policies to control ECs. Despite mounting evidence of the rising risks posed by new pollutants is becoming available, research and understanding are relatively restricted while very less is known about their buildup in rhizosphere and plants bioaccumulation. This chapter primarily emphasizes the diversity of ECs accumulating into the rhizosphere, their fates/transport, and claimed significant impact on rhizospheric health. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Preface
(Elsevier, 2024) Shiv Vendra Singh; Sandip Mandal; Ram Swaroop Meena; Sumit Chaturvedi; K. Govindaraju
[No abstract available]
Sustainable management and diversification of problematic wastes: prospects and challenges
(Elsevier, 2024) Anamika Barman; Sougata Roy; Priyanka Saha; Saptaparnee Dey; Shashank Patel; Deepak Kumar Meena; Anurag Bera; Shiv Vendra Singh; Sandip Mandal; Suprava Nath; Shreyas Bagrecha
In recent times, there has been a significant focus on challenging forms of waste due to their significant impact on the environment’s sustainability. Various categories of problematic waste exist, including agro-industrial, municipal solid waste, plastic waste, and electronic waste. The exploration of these different waste types and their subsequent treatment is of great interest, as they hold the potential to serve as secondary raw materials or be employed for generating energy in waste management processes. Amidst a range of thermochemical conversion methods, the processes of pyrolysis and gasification applied to problematic wastes blended with different types of biomasses have emerged as promising technologies. These technologies offer the potential to establish an ecologically sound waste management system, leading to substantial reductions in pollution while simultaneously maximizing the recovery of energy and materials. The outputs obtained from the conversion of these waste materials include syngas, biochar, and fuel, which can be effectively utilized for various purposes in an environmentally sustainable manner. Consequently, subjecting problematic wastes to thermal degradation and transforming them into useful resources presents a viable long-term strategy for addressing climate change alongside other advantages. Nonetheless, there exists limited understanding regarding the thermal degradation of problematic wastes and the processes involved in their conversion. © 2024 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.