Browsing by Author "Shivam Tiwari"

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Effects of SARS-Cov-2 infection and rhino-orbital mucormycosis on concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers in Indian populations
(IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2022) Ajay Kumar Yadav; Shivam Tiwari; Bhupendra Kumar; Abhay Kumar Yadav; Ashish Ashish; Nitish Kumar Singh; Manpreet Kaur; Shivani Mishra; Shani Vishwakarma; Surendra Pratap Mishra; Rajendra Prakash Maurya; Nargis Khanam; Pooja Dubey; Janhavi Yadav; Royana Singh; Sayeed Mehbub Ul Kadir
Rhino-orbital mucormycosis is a rare life threatening invasive fungal infection that has recently shown a very high mortality rate in India during COVID-19 pandemic. We have designed the present study to find out associations between COVID-19 induced rhino-orbital mucormycosis and concentrations of inflammatory markers, i.e. D-dimer, Ferritin, IL-6, CRP and PCT, in blood serum of Indian population. There were four groups in the study, viz. control group with healthy subjects, treatment group-1 with patients suffering from SARS-COV-2 infection, treatment group-2 with patients suffering from both SARS-COV-2 infection and rhino-orbital mucormycosis, and treatment group-3 with patients suffering from rhino-orbital mucormycosis after SARS-COV-2 infection recovery. Inflammatory markers were quantified with standard protocols, and recorded data were subjected to statistical analyses. We found that patients suffering from SARS-COV-2 infection were more susceptible to rhino-orbital mucormycosis, as they had higher concentrations of inflammatory markers in their blood than the other subjects. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and renal disorders were the associated comorbidities with the patients. We also found higher concentrations of inflammatory markers in males than the females, indicating towards their higher susceptibility in developing rhino-orbital mucormycosis than females. Present study therefore suggests that the frequent occurrence of rhino-orbital mucormycosis in India during second wave of COVID-19 was possibly due to indiscriminate use of corticosteroids by COVID-19 patients. Subjects with previous history of comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders and renal diseases are the most susceptible population groups for developing infection. Moreover, males are at higher risk of developing mucormycosis than the females. © 2022 Innovative Publication, All rights reserved.
Efficient Herbicide Delivery through a Conjugate Gel Formulation for the Mortality of Broad Leaf Weeds
(American Chemical Society, 2022) Reshu Bhardwaj; Om Prakash; Shivam Tiwari; Preeti Maiti; Sandipta Ghosh; Ram Kumar Singh; Pralay Maiti
Carfentrazone-ethyl is embedded in guar gum to prepare a polymer-herbicide conjugate gel formulation for a sustained release of the active ingredient (a.i.). The sprayable gel formulation was optimized at 0.5% (w/v) concentration. Strong interactions of the prepared composition of the polymer-herbicide conjugate system are shown through spectroscopic techniques, depicting the peak broadening of hydrophilic -OH bonds in the herbicide at 1743 cm-1, shifting to 1730 cm-1in the polymer-herbicide sample. There is a broadening and shifting of the peak at 329 nm for the n → π∗ transition at 335 nm in the polymer-herbicide conjugate system in UV spectra. Differential scanning calorimetric measurements show a lowering of endothermic melting peaks to 242 and 303 °C in the polymer-herbicide conjugate. X-ray diffraction studies showed a sharp diffraction peak of the pure polymer at a 2θ of ∼20.3°, while broadening and shifting of the peak position to a 2θ of ∼20.8° were observed after adding the herbicide. Diffusion of the active ingredient in the polymer-herbicide conjugate resulted in much greater coverage (most of the weed leaf stomata (>95%)) than conventional spraying. The efficacy of both the polymer-herbicide formulation and herbicide at different doses in weed nurseries showed significantly higher weed mortality in Anagallis arvensis (95.4%), Chenopodium album (∼97%), and Ageratum conyzoides (93.16%) treated with the polymer-herbicide formulation @ 20 g a.i. ha-1. Narrow SPAD readings range of A. arvensis (0.1-30.6) and that of C. album (0-5) were observed in the polymer-herbicide formulation @ 20 g a.i. ha-1was at par with the conventional formulation @ 30 g a.i. ha-1. Less regeneration in a weed nursery of A. arvensis (27%), C. album (77%), and A. conyzoides (49%) treated with gel formulations @ 20 g a.i. ha-1was observed, which was significantly lower than those in conventional herbicides. © 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Metabolomic profiling of colostrum bar for identification of functional compounds using high resolution mass spectroscopy
(Springer, 2024) Shivam Tiwari; Amrita Poonia; Vasundhara Rao
In this era of hectic lifestyle no one have ample time to take care of their health and generally people miss some nutrients daily. This study has shown that, how to use low price ingredients such as colostrum (unutilized part of dairy farm), flax seed, moringa leaves powder, fresh dates, and gram flour to formulate functional colostrum bar to tackle nutrients deficiency. Optimization process was performed on the basis of sensory attributes, and further functional compounds profiling was done by High Resolution Accurate Mass Spectroscopy, which identified about 980 compounds in total, 60 of which could be positively identified. Phenolic substances, including chlorogenic acid as well as caffeic acid, which have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, were prominent. The optimized sample (E4) also contained flavonoids with different classes which includes, N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine (Flavonoid glycosides), Aspalathin, Quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside (flavonoid-3-o-glycosides), glucosiduronic acid, Quercetin (Flavanols), Kaempferol (Flavonols), Luteolin (flavones), Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside, Rutin (flavonoid glycoside), Apigenin 6-C-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-8-C-beta-D-xylopyranoside (flavanone) and Myricetin 3-O-β-D-Galactopyranoside (glycosyloxyflavone). By increasing the utilization of colostrum, possibly improving the socio-economic status of farmers, and providing a health-promoting product that fits with consumer trends towards more sustainable and healthier food options. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.) © Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India) 2024.
Metabolomic profiling of colostrum bar for identification of functional compounds using high resolution mass spectroscopy
(Springer, 2025) Shivam Tiwari; Amrita Poonia; Vasundhara Rao
In this era of hectic lifestyle no one have ample time to take care of their health and generally people miss some nutrients daily. This study has shown that, how to use low price ingredients such as colostrum (unutilized part of dairy farm), flax seed, moringa leaves powder, fresh dates, and gram flour to formulate functional colostrum bar to tackle nutrients deficiency. Optimization process was performed on the basis of sensory attributes, and further functional compounds profiling was done by High Resolution Accurate Mass Spectroscopy, which identified about 980 compounds in total, 60 of which could be positively identified. Phenolic substances, including chlorogenic acid as well as caffeic acid, which have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, were prominent. The optimized sample (E4) also contained flavonoids with different classes which includes, N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine (Flavonoid glycosides), Aspalathin, Quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside (flavonoid-3-o-glycosides), glucosiduronic acid, Quercetin (Flavanols), Kaempferol (Flavonols), Luteolin (flavones), Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside, Rutin (flavonoid glycoside), Apigenin 6-C-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-8-C-beta-D-xylopyranoside (flavanone) and Myricetin 3-O-β-D-Galactopyranoside (glycosyloxyflavone). By increasing the utilization of colostrum, possibly improving the socio-economic status of farmers, and providing a health-promoting product that fits with consumer trends towards more sustainable and healthier food options. © Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India) 2024.
The Impact of Inflammatory Cytokines on Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Preliminary Investigation
(Springer Nature, 2025) Shivani Mishra; Ashish Ashish; Sangeeta Rai; Chetan Sahni; Shivam Tiwari; Bhupendra Kumar; Royana Singh
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), defined as two or more consecutive miscarriages before 20 weeks of gestation, affects 1–2% of couples worldwide. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 play critical roles in early pregnancy, while anti-inflammatory cytokines like TGF-β and IL-10 promote immune tolerance to prevent harmful inflammatory responses that play important role in placental and fetal development. This aim of the study is to analyse the levels of inflammatory cytokines in blood serum from RPL patients and healthy women (control). The measured cytokines included TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β, CRP, ferritin, IL-1β and IL-4, IFN-γ and IL-17. Using an unpaired t-test and Pearson correlation, significant difference observed between the groups. The results had significantly elevated CRP levels with decreased levels of TGF-β and ferritin (p < 0.05), whereas, IL-1β and IL-4 also found raised indicating a link between systemic inflammation and recurrent miscarriages. IL-4 and CRP increase further suggest potential oxidative stress role in RPL cases. However, no significant differences observed in IL-10, IL-6, or TNF-α level between the groups. This study highlights immune dysregulation as possible contributors to early pregnancy loss, with significant increases in CRP, IL-1β, and IL-4 levels indicating an imbalanced immune response at the maternal–fetal interface. These cytokine elevations may disrupt immune tolerance, suggesting the need for further exploration into cytokine interactions in pregnancy and their potential as an investigatory biomarker and therapeutic target in RPL. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Society for Reproductive Investigation 2025.
Understanding the effect of CNTs on the piezoelectric properties of PVDF and PVDF-TrFE: combined experimental and simulation study
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025) Aditya Iyer; Shivam Tiwari; Dipesh Kumar Dubey; Anurag Upadhyaya; Somajit Dey; Pralay Maiti; Prabal Kumar Maiti
Fluoropolymers like poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and their copolymers have gained wide recognition in the diverse field of energy due to their better piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties. Electrospun nanofibers of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) or PVDF-TrFE were prepared using an electrospinning process. Carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were added to the polymer matrix and their effect was studied through morphological, structural, and thermal analysis. PVDF-TrFE with the addition of CNT nanofillers provided enhancement in the piezoelectric coefficient value by about 20%. Building upon these promising experimental findings, atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were done to have a microscopic understanding of the measured piezoelectric response of β phase crystalline PVDF and gain valuable insights into the observed piezoelectric enhancements. The piezoelectric response was quantified by calculating the piezoelectric d33 coefficient. Investigations were done by applying a constant electric field and sinusoidal alternating electric field of order 0.01 V nm−1 to 0.2 V nm−1. A negative piezoelectric effect was observed and the β-phase PVDF crystal showed an increase in magnitude of d33 by about 12% upon addition of CNTs and this was attributed to increased specific polarizability near the CNT surface. © 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Unravelling the Significance of NLRP3 and IL-β1 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Potentially Malignant Oral Disorders: A Diagnostic and Prognostic Exploration
(Springer, 2024) Trupti Jain; Akhilesh Chandra; Surendra Pratap Mishra; Mahesh Khairnar; Shivangni Rajoria; R. Maheswari; R. Keerthika; Shivam Tiwari; Rahul Agrawal
Background: Nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), an inflammasome, is reported to be dysregulated or aberrantly expressed in chronic inflammation, leading to a myriad of inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. This study aimed to explore the expression and role of NLRP3 protein and the secreted cytokine IL-β1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and potentially malignant oral disorders (PMOD). Material & Methods: Tissue NLRP3 expression was quantified using sandwich ELISA in 30 cases each of OSCC, PMOD, and normal oral mucosa. Serum IL-β1 level was also measured by ELISA to determine their correlation. In surgically treated OSCC cases, pathological parameters such as tumor size, depth of invasion (DOI), pTNM stage, and perineural & lymphovascular invasion were assessed and correlated with NLRP3 & IL-β1 levels to investigate their roles in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. Results: Tissue NLRP3 expression was markedly elevated in OSCC, with significant IL-β1 levels observed in the serum of both OSCC and PMOD cases. Both markers showed a pronounced increase with the severity of dysplasia, indicating a strong association (p = 0.003%). The expression levels of tissue NLRP3 and serum IL-β1 were positively correlated with DOI and tumor size. Furthermore, their elevated levels, alongside higher histological grades, indicate roles in the dedifferentiation and progression of tumor cells. Conclusion: The findings indicated that increased expression of NLRP3 and IL-β1 in PMOD correlates with higher transformation rates, along with tumor progression and dedifferentiation in OSCC. Consequently, these markers hold promise as valuable targets for prognostic assessment, diagnostics, and therapeutic strategies in OSCC. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.