Browsing by Author "Shubham Kashyap"

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Etiology of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in Adults in a Tertiary Care Center in Eastern Uttar Pradesh
(American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2025) Tulika Kumari Rai; Jaya Chakravarty; Shubham Kashyap; Sumeet Chatterjee; Vishwa Deepak Tiwari; Urvashi Geeta Rai; Mayank Gangwar; Santhanam Sundar; Gopal Nath
Seasonal outbreaks of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) with high case fatality rates have been commonly reported among adults in India. With an increase in Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) vaccination, the etiology of AES is also changing. However, most studies on AES in India have focused only on children and on JEV. This study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University between 2020 and 2022 to determine the etiology of AES in adults. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were collected from patients 18 years or older with fever and altered sensorium for #15 days. We did IgM ELISA for dengue, chikungunya, West Nile virus, scrub typhus, leptospirosis from serum, CSF-IgM for JEV, and CSF–polymerase chain reaction for herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus, enterovirus, and cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) for tuberculous meningitis (TBM). The most common cause of AES identified in our study was TBM (16.7%), followed by leptospirosis (15.1%) and scrub typhus (11.9%). The high occurrence of TBM in our study highlights the importance of CSF-CBNAAT for all AES patients. As leptospirosis and scrub typhus are easily treatable, early detection and treatment of these infections should be recommended. © © 2025 American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
Iron Isomaltoside-Induced Anaphylaxis
(Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2022) Upinder Kaur; Amit Singh; Indrajeet S. Gambhir; Shubham Kashyap; Anup Singh; Sankha S. Chakrabarti
[No abstract available]
Sperm cell driven microrobots-Emerging opportunities and challenges for biologically inspired robotic design
(MDPI AG, 2020) Ajay Vikram Singh; Mohammad Hasan Dad Ansari; Mihir Mahajan; Shubhangi Srivastava; Shubham Kashyap; Prajjwal Dwivedi; Vaibhav Pandit; Uma Katha
With the advent of small-scale robotics, several exciting new applications like Targeted Drug Delivery, single cell manipulation and so forth, are being discussed. However, some challenges remain to be overcome before any such technology becomes medically usable; among which propulsion and biocompatibility are the main challenges. Propulsion at micro-scale where the Reynolds number is very low is difficult. To overcome this, nature has developed flagella which have evolved over millions of years to work as a micromotor. Among the microscopic cells that exhibit this mode of propulsion, sperm cells are considered to be fast paced. Here, we give a brief review of the state-of-the-art of Spermbots-a new class of microrobots created by coupling sperm cells to mechanical loads. Spermbots utilize the flagellar movement of the sperm cells for propulsion and as such do not require any toxic fuel in their environment. They are also naturally biocompatible and show considerable speed of motion thereby giving us an option to overcome the two challenges of propulsion and biocompatibility. The coupling mechanisms of physical load to the sperm cells are discussed along with the advantages and challenges associated with the spermbot. A few most promising applications of spermbots are also discussed in detail. A brief discussion of the future outlook of this extremely promising category of microrobots is given at the end. © 2020 by the authors.