Browsing by Author "Simranjit Kaur"

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Interplay between food-associated oxidative stress and NDG disorders
(Elsevier, 2024) Lakshay Kapil; Vishal Kumar; Sanchit Arora; Simranjit Kaur; Sonima Prasad; Charan Singh; Arti Singh
Food-associated oxidative stress has a significant impact on the pathophysiology of many diseases and is often influenced by dietary patterns, food preferences, and nutrient intake. Unhealthy eating practices also cause the creation of free radicals, which interact with polyunsaturated fatty acids to create lipid peroxides. When these peroxides degrade, a chain of events begins that includes the production of the recognized mutagen malondialdehyde (MDA). Lipid peroxides have been demonstrated to reduce membrane permeability and flexibility, which may lead to cell damage. These changes are probably more pronounced in long-lived, primarily postmitotic cells like neurons, which may result in a variety of illnesses. In the study, several micro- and macronutrients, their origins, and associated dysfunctions are highlighted along with the mechanism underlying food-associated oxidative stress. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Response of the plant core microbiome to Fusarium oxysporum infection and identification of the pathobiome
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Zhiguang Qiu; Jay Prakash Verma; Hongwei Liu; Juntao Wang; Bruna D. Batista; Simranjit Kaur; Arthur Prudêncio de Araujo Pereira; Catriona A. Macdonald; Pankaj Trivedi; Tim Weaver; Warren C. Conaty; David T. Tissue; Brajesh K. Singh
Plant core microbiomes consist of persistent key members that provide critical host functions, but their assemblages can be interrupted by biotic and abiotic stresses. The pathobiome is comprised of dynamic microbial interactions in response to disease status of the host. Hence, identifying variation in the core microbiome and pathobiome can significantly advance our understanding of microbial–microbial interactions and consequences for disease progression and host functions. In this study, we combined glasshouse and field studies to analyse the soil and plant rhizosphere microbiome of cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum) in the presence of a cotton-specific fungal pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (FOV). We found that FOV directly and consistently altered the rhizosphere microbiome, but the biocontrol agents enabled microbial assemblages to resist pathogenic stress. Using co-occurrence network analysis of the core microbiome, we identified the pathobiome comprised of the pathogen and key associate phylotypes in the cotton microbiome. Isolation and application of some negatively correlated pathobiome members provided protection against plant infection. Importantly, our field survey from multiple cotton fields validated the pattern and responses of core microbiomes under FOV infection. This study advances key understanding of core microbiome responses and existence of plant pathobiomes, which provides a novel framework to better manage plant diseases in agriculture and natural settings. © 2022 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Synthetic community improves crop performance and alters rhizosphere microbial communities
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Simranjit Kaur; Eleonora Egidi; Zhiguang Qiu; Catriona A. Macdonald; Jay Prakash Verma; Pankaj Trivedi; Juntao Wang; Hongwei Liu; Brajesh K. Singh
Introduction: Harnessing synthetic communities (SynCom) of plant growth-promoting (PGP) microorganisms is considered a promising approach to improve crop fitness and productivity. However, biotic mechanisms that underpin improved plant performance and the effects of delivery mode of synthetic community are poorly understood. These are critical knowledge gaps that constrain field efficacy of SynCom and hence large-scale adoption by the farming community. Material & Methods: In this study, a SynCom of four PGP microbial species was constructed and applied to either as seed dressing (treatment T1, applied at the time of sowing) or to soil (treatment T2, applied in soil at true leaf stage) across five different cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) cultivars. The impact of SynCom on plant growth, rhizosphere microbiome and soil nutrient availability, and how this was modified by plant variety and mode of applications, was assessed. Results: Results showed that the seed application of SynCom had the strongest positive impact on overall plant fitness, resulting in higher germination (14.3%), increased plant height (7.4%) and shoot biomass (5.4%). A significant increase in the number of flowers (10.4%) and yield (8.5%) was also observed in T1. The soil nitrate availability was enhanced by 28% and 55% under T1 and T2, respectively. Results further suggested that SynCom applications triggered enrichment of members from bacterial phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria in the rhizosphere. A shift in fungal communities was also observed, with a significant increase in the relative abundance of fungi from phyla Chytridiomycota and Basidiomycota in SynCom treatments. A structural equation model suggested that SynCom directly increased crop productivity but also indirectly via impacting the alpha diversity of bacteria. Conclusion: Overall, this study provides mechanistic evidence that SynCom applications can shift rhizosphere microbial communities and improve soil fertility, plant growth, and crop productivity, suggesting that their use could contribute toward sustainable increase in farm productivity. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment published by Global Initiative of Crop Microbiome and Sustainable Agriculture and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.
Unearthing the power of microbes as plant microbiome for sustainable agriculture
(Elsevier GmbH, 2024) Arpan Mukherjee; Bansh Narayan Singh; Simranjit Kaur; Minaxi Sharma; Ademir Sérgio Ferreira de Araújo; Arthur Prudêncio de Araujo Pereira; Raj Morya; Gerardo Puopolo; Vânia Maria Maciel Melo; Jay Prakash Verma
In recent years, research into the complex interactions and crosstalk between plants and their associated microbiota, collectively known as the plant microbiome has revealed the pivotal role of microbial communities for promoting plant growth and health. Plants have evolved intricate relationships with a diverse array of microorganisms inhabiting their roots, leaves, and other plant tissues. This microbiota mainly includes bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoans, and viruses, forming a dynamic and interconnected network within and around the plant. Through mutualistic or cooperative interactions, these microbes contribute to various aspects of plant health and development. The direct mechanisms of the plant microbiome include the enhancement of plant growth and development through nutrient acquisition. Microbes have the ability to solubilize essential minerals, fix atmospheric nitrogen, and convert organic matter into accessible forms, thereby augmenting the nutrient pool available to the plant. Additionally, the microbiome helps plants to withstand biotic and abiotic stresses, such as pathogen attacks and adverse environmental conditions, by priming the plant's immune responses, antagonizing phytopathogens, and improving stress tolerance. Furthermore, the plant microbiome plays a vital role in phytohormone regulation, facilitating hormonal balance within the plant. This regulation influences various growth processes, including root development, flowering, and fruiting. Microbial communities can also produce secondary metabolites, which directly or indirectly promote plant growth, development, and health. Understanding the functional potential of the plant microbiome has led to innovative agricultural practices, such as microbiome-based biofertilizers and biopesticides, which harness the power of beneficial microorganisms to enhance crop yields while reducing the dependency on chemical inputs. In the present review, we discuss and highlight research gaps regarding the plant microbiome and how the plant microbiome can be used as a source of single and synthetic bioinoculants for plant growth and health. © 2024 Elsevier GmbH