Browsing by Author "Somprakas Basu"

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A child with recurrent abdominal pain [6]
(2007) Somprakas Basu; Deepak Kumar; Sarita Chaudhury; C.L.N. Sharma
[No abstract available]
A dangerous pleural effusion
(2010) Somprakas Basu; Shilpi Bhadani; Vijay K. Shukla
Bilothorax is a rare complication of biliary peritonitis and, if not treated promptly, can be lifethreatening. We report a case of a middle-aged woman who had undergone a bilio-enteric bypass and subsequently a biliary leak developed, which finally led to intra-abdominal biliary collection and spontaneous bilothorax. The clinical course was rapid and mimicked venous thromboembolism, myocardial infarction and pulmonary oedema, which led to a delay in diagnosis and management and finally death. We high-light the fact that bilothorax, although a rare complication of biliary surgery, should always be considered as a probable cause of massive effusion and sudden-onset respiratory and cardiovascular collapse in the postoperative period. A chest X-ray and a diagnostic pleural tap can confirm the diagnosis. Once detected, an aggressive management should be instituted to prevent organ failure and death.
A new approach to authorship: A farce since the dawn of time
(2012) Somprakas Basu
[No abstract available]
A prospective, descriptive study to identify the microbiological profile of chronic wounds in outpatients
(HMP Communications, 2009) Somprakas Basu; Tetraj Ramchuran Panray; Tej Bali Singh; Anil K. Gulati; Vijay K. Shukla
Indiscriminate use of antibiotics for infected chronic wounds is a global problem that may contribute to delayed healing and the development of drug-resistant micro-organisms. A prospective, descriptive cohort study of 50 male and female outpatients (mean age 52.50 [± 14.84] years, range 18-90) with 52 chronic wounds was conducted to investigate the microbiological profile and prevalence of drug-resistant strains in chronic nonhealing wounds to develop an evidence-based approach to antibiotic therapy until drug sensitivity reports are available. Mean wound duration was 8.23 (± 12.35) months (range 1.5-72), average wound size was 29.70 (± 37.83) cm, and most patients had a lower extremity wound and diabetes mellitus (n ≤ 20). Pus and tissue samples were cultured and tested. Most (45) wounds contained a single organism and nine different genera were isolated. Of those, 39 were Gram-negative and 11 were Gram-positive (z ≤ 5.50, P ≤<0.001). The most common organisms were Pseudomonas (21 wounds) and Escherichia coli (eight wounds). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more common in patients with diabetes mellitus, in lower extremity ulcers, and in ulcers >20 cm2 (z-test, P <0.05). The presence of two organisms was more commonly observed in postsurgical/traumatic wounds. Ten (10) out of 55 pathogens (18.18%) isolated were drug-resistant, including Pseudomonas (seven), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (one), and extended-spectrum beta lactamase (two - E. coli and Citrobacter). Most (70%) drug-resistant pathogens were obtained from persons with diabetes mellitus. Overall sensitivity to piperacillin and tazobactum combination was high. Because the prevalence of monomicrobial flora in chronic wounds is high, if a wound infection is suspected, empiric therapy should target the most prevalent flora. The high rate of drug-resistant Pseudomonas and MRSA strains should discourage antibiotic use in chronic ulcers before obtaining culture results.
A swollen middle finger in a middle-aged farmer.
(2012) Somprakas Basu; Shilpi Bhadani; Vijay Kumar Shukla
Hand tumors are not common and a swollen finger poses considerable diagnostic dilemma. We present a case of a middle-aged farmer who had presented with a painless swelling of the middle finger of the right hand without any neurovascular deficit or evidence of metastasis. An X-ray of the finger showed cortical expansion and bony erosion of the proximal phalanx. A fine needle aspiration cytological examination was inconclusive. He underwent a digit amputation in view of subsequent morbidity and chances of recurrence following local excision. Biopsy proved it to be a giant cell tumor of the proximal phalanx. Following six months of treatment he is doing well. We herein highlight an unusual tumor of the finger and its diagnostic and treatment challenges.
Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma-Are we forcing a milestone?
(2011) Somprakas Basu; Vijay Kumar Shukla
Survival for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is low and the role of adjuvant therapy remains controversial, with the European studies indicating survival benefit of chemotherapy over chemoradiation, whereas the American reports indicate an undoubted benefit with chemoradiation. Whatever is the mode of adjuvant care, two things are obvious in the management of this disease: surgery is the mainstay of treatment and a complete resection is the only hope of cure. Secondly, irrespective of the adjuvant treatment modality, survival advantage is limited and five-year survival has failed to reach that of other malignancies. The mixed results obtained from the various adjuvant therapy trials indicate that a uniform protocol is yet to be reached. A milestone is said to have been reached when a treatment or a treatment modality revolutionizes the outcome of a disease. As of now the adjuvant treatment in pancreatic adenocarcinoma is still evolving. Maybe a fresh look is needed at the biological aspect of the disease to add a new thought in its management, as has happened with other human malignancies. © 2011 Surgical Associates Ltd.
An appraisal of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF): the dynamic molecule of wound healing and its current clinical applications
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022) Aakansha Giri Goswami; Somprakas Basu; Farhanul Huda; Jayanti Pant; Amrita Ghosh Kar; Tuhina Banerjee; Vijay Kumar Shukla
Angiogenesis is a critical step of wound healing, and its failure leads to chronic wounds. The idea of restoring blood flow to the damaged tissues by promoting neo-angiogenesis is lucrative and has been researched extensively. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key dynamic molecule of angiogenesis has been investigated for its functions. In this review, we aim to appraise its biology, the comprehensive role of this dynamic molecule in the wound healing process, and how this knowledge has been translated in clinical application in various types of wounds. Although, most laboratory research on the use of VEGF is promising, its clinical applications have not met great expectations. We discuss various lacunae that might exist in making its clinical application unsuccessful for commercial use, and provide insight to the foundation for future research. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
An in vivo wound model utilizing bacteriophage therapy of pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms
(Cliggott Publishing Co., 2015) Somprakas Basu; Manav Agarwal; Satyanam Kumar Bhartiya; Gopal Nath; Vijay Kumar Shukla
Bacteriophages have been used as effective therapy against bacterial biofilms on devices such as catheters, in the lungs such as in cystic fibrosis, and even in infected food. Unlike antibiotics, they are bacteria-specific and produce the desired effect without systemic complications; they can develop bacterial resistance, although in ways different from antibiotics. The present study aimed to assess the effect of bacteriophages against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a mouse wound model. P. aeruginosa obtained from laboratory culture of burn wounds were characterized, harvested, and titrated, and biofilms were generated on sterile catheter sections (105 colony forming units/mL). Subcutaneous pockets were created on the backs of 24 male albino mice. Animals were randomized into 4 groups of 6 each. After evaluating a significant phage-bacteria interaction in vitro, 2 biofilm-laden catheter sections were implanted in subcutaneous pockets in mouse groups C and D. Sterile catheter sections only were implanted in group B. Group A had only a subcutaneous pocket without any catheter section. Phage cocktail solutions (10 μL of 107 phage forming units/mL) were injected daily in group D pockets only. Groups B and C received 10 μL of normal saline. After 10 days, the catheter sections were explanted from groups B, C, and D and tissue biopsy was taken from group A pockets and cultured for bacterial and phage colony counts. A significant drop in bacterial counts from 3.87×106 to 3.52×104 was observed in group D when compared with group C (3.87×106 to 3.85×105, P <0.05) A significant rise in the phage counts from 1×107 to 6.81×108 (P <0.05) also was observed in group D when compared with the baseline counts, indicating active phage proliferation and successful bacterial kill in group D. The present laboratory study could be indicative of a new treatment approach for multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, including wound infections.
An invited commentary on “neo-nervegenesis in 3D dynamic responsive implant for inguinal hernia repair. Qualitative study. Int J Surg 2020;76:114-119″
(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Vivek Srivastava; Somprakas Basu
[No abstract available]
Arginase activity in carcinoma of the gallbladder: A pilot study
(2009) Vijay Kumar Shukla; Ashutosh Tandon; Braja Kishor Ratha; Deborshi Sharma; Tej Bali Singh; Somprakas Basu
Carcinoma of the gallbladder is the third most common cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. Recent studies have shown increased arginase activity in various malignancies. The main aim of this study was to evaluate whether arginase activity increases in carcinoma of the gallbladder. The arginase activity was evaluated in serum and gallbladder tissue in 22 patients with histologically proven carcinoma of the gallbladder and 20 patients with cholecystitis using spectrophotometry and western blot assay. The Student's t-test, analysis of variance, and Student-Newman-Keuls test were used for comparison of data and for statistical significance. The mean tissue arginase and serum arginase activity (118.64±17.45 and 15.91±1.91, respectively) in cases of carcinoma of the gallbladder were significantly higher in comparison with cholecystitis (86.37±4.45 and 12.73±0.72, respectively). Subgroup analysis showed stage III gallbladder carcinoma had the maximum tissue arginase activity (142.00±21.68 U/g of tissue) followed by stage II (124.15±19.88) and stage I (108.46±6.73). This significant rise in mean tissue arginase and serum arginase activity in patients with gallbladder cancer probably supports an association between arginase activity and the malignancy. © 2009 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
Association of Methylenetetrahydrafolate Reductase Gene Polymorphism (MTHFR) in Patients with Gallbladder Cancer
(Humana Press Inc., 2016) Ruhi Dixit; Gyanendra Singh; Manoj Pandey; Somprakas Basu; Satyanam Kumar Bhartiya; K.K. Singh; Vijay Kumar Shukla
Purpose: 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme in folate metabolism and plays a major role in DNA methylation. There are two popular MTHFR polymorphisms known as C677T and A1298C which are found to be involved in folate metabolism and lowering the enzyme activity, thus may be linked with cancer development. This study aims to look at the association of these polymorphisms in gallbladder cancer. Methods: Thirty patients each with gallbladder cancer, cholelithiasis, and normal gallbladder were genotyped for the above-given polymorphisms by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Results: C677T MTHFR polymorphism was not associated (χ2 = 2.44, p = 0.85) with an increased likelihood of having gallbladder cancer. A1298C was significantly associated (χ2 = 28.87, p < 0.001) with risk of developing gallbladder cancer. A1298C was significantly correlated with grade (r = 0.337, p < 0.001) and histopathology (r = 0.446, p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study proposed that MTHFR A1298C polymorphism may be associated with risk of developing gallbladder cancer, and there is no association between C677T polymorphism and gallbladder cancer. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
Association of mustard oil as cooking media with carcinoma of the gallbladder
(2013) Ruhi Dixit; Piyush Srivastava; Somprakas Basu; Pradeep Srivastava; Pradeep Kumar Mishra; Vijay Kumar Shukla
Purpose Carcinoma of the gallbladder (CaGB) is a common health problem in Northern India. Exact causative factors are still obscure. Dietary habits are also known to be a major factor in the gallbladder carcinogenesis. Mustard oil is mostly used as cooking media, which is adulterated by sanguinarine, diethylnitrosamine and repeated frying. We tried to find out the association of mustard oil as cooking media with CaGB. Methods Twenty patients each of CaGB (group I) and cholelithiasis (group II) were included in the study. Sanguinarine and diethylnitrosamine (DEN) were extracted from the tissue and blood samples from both groups. Mean and standard error of mean of the concentration of the sanguinarine and DEN were calculated. Mann-Whitney U test was applied to test the level of significance between the two groups. Results The mean concentration of tissue sanguinarine in both groups (I and II) was 195.18 ng/mg and 24.05 ng/mg, respectively, and the difference was statistically highly significant (p<0.001). The estimated concentration of blood sanguinarine was 230.96 ng/mL and 14.0 ng/mL in group I and II, respectively, and the difference was statistically highly significant (p<0.001). The concentration of DEN in the tissue sample was 38.08 ng/mg in CaGB and 2.51 ng/mg in cholelithiasis patient, and these values were statistically highly significant (p<0.001). Similarly, blood DEN concentration was 119.05 ng/mL and 4.22 ng/mL in group I and II, respectively, and the difference was statistically highly significant (p<0.001). Conclusion There is an increase in concentration of sanguinarine and diethylnitrosamine in CaGB blood and tissue in comparison to the cholelithiasis group suggesting an association with carcinoma of the gallbladder. © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012.
Biofilm and wound healing: from bench to bedside
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2023) Aakansha Giri Goswami; Somprakas Basu; Tuhina Banerjee; Vijay Kumar Shukla
The bubbling community of microorganisms, consisting of diverse colonies encased in a self-produced protective matrix and playing an essential role in the persistence of infection and antimicrobial resistance, is often referred to as a biofilm. Although apparently indolent, the biofilm involves not only inanimate surfaces but also living tissue, making it truly ubiquitous. The mechanism of biofilm formation, its growth, and the development of resistance are ever-intriguing subjects and are yet to be completely deciphered. Although an abundance of studies in recent years has focused on the various ways to create potential anti-biofilm and antimicrobial therapeutics, a dearth of a clear standard of clinical practice remains, and therefore, there is essentially a need for translating laboratory research to novel bedside anti-biofilm strategies that can provide a better clinical outcome. Of significance, biofilm is responsible for faulty wound healing and wound chronicity. The experimental studies report the prevalence of biofilm in chronic wounds anywhere between 20 and 100%, which makes it a topic of significant concern in wound healing. The ongoing scientific endeavor to comprehensively understand the mechanism of biofilm interaction with wounds and generate standardized anti-biofilm measures which are reproducible in the clinical setting is the challenge of the hour. In this context of “more needs to be done”, we aim to explore various effective and clinically meaningful methods currently available for biofilm management and how these tools can be translated into safe clinical practice. © 2023, The Author(s).
Cerebral migrational defects and periventricular calcifications in a case of congenital CMV infection
(IOS Press, 2007) Sriparna Basu; Uma Ramchandran; Anna Thapliyal; Somprakas Basu
[No abstract available]
Colonic conduit for esophageal bypass in Celphos-induced tracheoesophageal fistula: Our experience of two cases
(2009) Vivek Srivastava; Mumtaz Ansari; Somprakas Basu; Damayanti Agrawal; T.K. Lahiri; Anand Kumar
[No abstract available]
Complications of wound healing
(Springer-Verlag London Ltd, 2013) Somprakas Basu; Vijay Shukla
Wound healing is an organized, four-phased system involving hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and maturation. However this process is far from simple. It involves a huge orchestration of cells and biochemical molecules in an environment of constantly changing signaling processes, temporally and spatially. A variety of physiological events and environmental agents can divert this healing cascade, alter the wound bed environment and stall healing. The pathology of a non-healing wound is highly complex and differs to a great extent from an acute wound. The resident cells are phenotypically different, senescent and resist apoptosis. The matrix becomes corrupt and shows poor response to growth factors. The growth factors may be inadequately synthesized, trapped or degraded rapidly and may have low receptor population or insensitive receptors. The inflammatory phase remains prolonged and a dynamic process of matrix degradation with attempts to repair exists in the wound environment. The failure to heal may result from various insults like biofilm formation and microbial invasion, defective signaling processes, genetically defective enzymes and wound metabolism, repeated trauma, ischemia, edema, venous hypertension and effect of mechanical forces including pressure. The corrupt matrix leads to poor migration of keratinocytes and epithelization is also delayed. A number of drugs particularly anticancer drugs may also lead to chronicity. Wound bed preparation remains the gold standard of therapy in these indolent cases. A good wound bed preparation may involve enzymatic and surgical debridement, resident fibroblast stimulation and stimulation of growth factor release, addition of extraneous growth factors to the wound, deployment of bioengineered extracellular matrix, collagen and alginates, cultured keratinocyte suspension and even bioengineered dermal preparation in any combination. Stem cell therapy holds promise. The results are encouraging although much work is yet to be done to achieve the best outcome. It should be kept in mind that any attempt in helping a chronic wound to heal should take the patient in consideration as a whole and not a leave narrow focus on the wound only. © 2013 Springer-Verlag London. All rights are reserved.
Duodenojejunal junction web masquerading as Wilkie's syndrome: Report of a case
(2011) Somprakas Basu; Vivek Srivastava; Pramod Kumar Singh; Arvind Srivastava; Vijay Kumar Shukla
Wilkie's syndrome (superior mesenteric artery syndrome) is a rare cause of obstruction to the third part of duodenum due to compression between the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta. Pathologies like malignant growth in the mesenteric root, the presence of a lymph nodal mass compressing the terminal duodenum, dissecting aortic aneurysm, and intestinal malrotation may mimic the condition, but are not true etiologies of the syndrome. A duodenojejunal web causing narrowing of the duodenojejunal junction and mimicking Wilkie's syndrome has not been described before in the literature. We herein report a case of gastroduodenal obstruction due to a web in the duodenojejunal junction in a young female patient, which closely mimicked Wilkie's syndrome but was finally diagnosed postoperatively. We highlight the first case of its kind in an adult and discuss the challenges in both the diagnosis and management. © Springer 2011.
Effect of agonist and antagonist on the in vitro contractility of inflamed vermiform appendix
(Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2017) Phani Bhushan Singh; Pushpakant Tiwary; Sanjeev K Singh; Ratna Pandey; Atanu Roy; Amrita Ghosh Kar; Somprakas Basu; Anil Kumar Tiwari
Introduction: Appendicitis poses a great health problem worldwide. Previous studies demonstrated structural damage to neuronal network and interstitial cell of Cajal in appendicitis. Above observations suggest for the alterations in appendicular motility/contractility in appendicitis. But the mechanisms involved in mediating the contractility in inflamed vermiform appendix is not known till date. Aim: The present in vitro study was performed to find out the mechanisms responsible for contractility in the inflamed human vermiform appendix. Materials and Methods: Contractions of the longitudinal muscle strips of inflamed appendix were recorded in vitro at 37±0.5°C. Control contractions were recorded for 30 min after an initial tension of 0.5 gram. Initially dose-response experiments of agonists (acetylcholine, serotonin and histamine) were performed separately and the dose that produced maximum contraction was determined with each agonist. This maximal dose of agonist was used to elicit contractions in next series of experiments before and after pre-treatment with appropriate antagonists like atropine, ondansetron (5-HT3 antagonist) and chlorpheniramine maleate respectively. Results: Acetylcholine (ACh) and serotonin (5-HT) elicited maximum amplitude of contraction at 10 µM and 1 µM concentration respectively. These contractions were significantly blocked by prior exposure of muscle strips with atropine (100 µM) and ondansetron (10 µM). Histamine produced very low amplitude of contractions in comparison to ACh or 5-HT and did not exhibit dose-response relations. The histamine induced contractions were blocked by H1 antagonist chlorpheniramine maleate (100 µM). Conclusion: The observations suggested that the contractility of longitudinal muscle strips of inflamed vermiform appendix in human beings was predominantly mediated by muscarinic and serotonergic (5-HT3) mechanisms, whereas, histaminergic mechanisms played a minor role in mediating the contractility. © 2017, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All rights reserved.
Effect of Cytomodulin-10 (TGF-ß1 analogue) on wound healing by primary intention in a murine model
(2009) Somprakas Basu; Mohan Kumar; J.P.N. Chansuria; Tej Bali Singh; Raj Bhatnagar; Vijay K. Shukla
Objective: To evaluate the effect of Cytomodulin-10 (CM-10), a transforming growth factor-beta analogue, on wound healing by primary intention. Method: Sixty male albino rats of Charles Foster strain (100-150 g) were used. After intraperitoneal anesthesia, a cutaneous incised wound (4 cm) was created on the back of each rat, which was closed by silk stitches and allowed to heal by primary intention. They were equally divided as test and control. CM-10 was applied to the test wounds daily. At the end of 7, 14 and 21 days of wounding, 10 rats from each group were sacrificed and their wounds were compared. Outcome measures were: 1) breaking force of wounds, 2) histological assessment of healing and 3) evaluation of angiogenesis. Statistical significance was assessed by Student's t-test, ANOVA and Bonferroni correction. Result: There was a significant increase in the breaking force (P < 0.001). Histological examination showed early epithelization, increased collagen deposition and decreased inflammatory cellular infiltrate at 1st week in the test group. The treated wounds also demonstrated earlier remodeling. Angiogenesis score was significantly higher in the test wounds at 1st week (40.6 vs. 30.8; P < 0.001), but not in the subsequent weeks. Conclusion: Cytomodulin is a strong promoter of wound healing by primary intention. It increases tensile strength and induces early epithelization. It also promotes increased collagen deposition, early remodeling and increased angiogenesis. © 2009 Surgical Associates Ltd.
Emergence of Unusual Microorganisms in Microflora of Pilonidal Sinuses: A Multiple Case Series
(Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2023) Tuhina Banerjee; Aradhana Singh; Anurag; Sourav Pal; Somprakas Basu
PURPOSE: Recent reports have noted an emergence of unusual organisms in microflora of pilonidal sinus (PNS); this study was undertaken to identify the primary microbial flora associated with infected primary PNS over a period of 1 year. DESIGN: A prospective multiple case series. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: A case series of 20 patients with primary PNS in a tertiary care center in Varanasi, India, was studied. The study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology and General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, over a period of 1 year (September 2016 to July 2017). METHODS: Purulent exudate (pus) samples were collected from 20 patients with primary PNS from the discharging sinuses by aseptic methods. Samples were assessed for aerobic and anaerobic flora by conventional culture and molecular methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done for bacterial isolates. Bacterial diversity was compared with the demographic and clinical profile of the sinuses by multiple correspondence analysis. RESULTS: Of the total cases, 11 (55%) had purulent discharge, among which all showed polymicrobial flora. The ratio of aerobic to anaerobic organisms was 1:2 (16/32). Escherichia coli (E. coli, 4, 36.36%) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis, 4, 36.36%) were commonly isolated. Bifidobacterium was the most frequent anaerobe. Detailed molecular analysis revealed the presence of Kocuria flava as an unusual pathogen. On statistical analysis, factors like male gender, increased body mass index, absence of hair in sinus, presence of features of hirsutism, and absence of Fusobacteria were closely associated with one another in these PNS cases. CONCLUSIONS: The case series revealed the predominance of anaerobes in primarily infected PNS cases. Bifidobacterium spp and unusual pathogens like K. flava were among the emerging pathogens in infected PNS. Use of better molecular diagnostic facilities in addition to the conventional methods might enhance the verified diversity of microorganisms in such cases. © 2023 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.