Browsing by Author "Soumik Ghosh"

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Abrupt changes in mean temperature over India during 1901–2010
(Springer, 2020) R. Bhatla; Shruti Verma; Soumik Ghosh; Ankita Gupta
Since eternity, the Earth’s temperature has varied or fluctuated; it has its cooling and hot timing dependency on its orbital position as well as the isolation received from the Sun. The global climate continues to change rapidly compared to the speed of the natural variations in climate. Therefore, the spatially complete representations of surface climate are required for many purposes in applied sciences. But in recent centuries, the main matter of concern is that Earth’s normal temperature fluctuation is being influenced by some external factors such as enhanced greenhouse gases because of extreme uses of fossil fuels, severe industrialization, advance urbanization, etc. This study presents a comprehensive surface temperature dataset of Climatic Research Unit (CRU) available since 1901 for India, which is used to document significant changes in Indian temperature over ten decades, during winter season (January and February), pre-monsoon (March–May), monsoon (June–September) and post-monsoon (October–December) to examine the patterns and possible effects of global warming. A strong increasing pattern is observed with the fast growing of the development after 1950 which has shown nearly doubled in the last 50 yrs. The mean temperature during winter for the 2000s shows a consistent pattern of warming over the Himalayan region, northwestern and southern India, and a pattern of the warming observed over northeastern India and extending southwestward across central India during post-monsoon. © 2020, Indian Academy of Sciences.
Acute Cardiac Events After ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Corona Virus Vaccine: Report of Three Cases
(Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2022) Rohit Singh; Sankha Shubhra Chakrabarti; Indrajeet Singh Gambhir; Ashish Verma; Ishan Kumar; Soumik Ghosh; Ashutosh Tiwari; Gourav Chandan; Sasanka Chakrabarti; Upinder Kaur
[No abstract available]
Acute changes in left ventricle end-diastolic pressure in patients undergoing nonprimary percutaneous coronary intervention
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2025) Arjun Tandon; Salini Mukhopadhyay; Soumik Ghosh; A. Lavakumar; Kumar Amit; Vikas Agrawal
Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a critical procedure for managing coronary artery disease (CAD), with nonprimary PCI being increasingly used in elective revascularization. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) is an essential marker of ventricular function, often compromised in CAD patients. While its acute changes have been widely studied in primary PCI, research on nonprimary PCI remains limited. This study investigates the acute changes in LVEDP during nonprimary PCI. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 100 patients undergoing nonprimary PCI at a tertiary hospital. Baseline LVEDP measurements were taken before the procedure, and post-PCI LVEDP changes were recorded. Patients were categorized based on acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), as well as subcategorized on the type of ACS. Statistical analysis included Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The mean LVEDP decreased by 2.49 mmHg in ACS patients but increased by 0.96 mmHg in CCS patients. ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients showed the most significant reduction in LVEDP post-PCI, while non-STEMI (NSTEMI) and unstable angina exhibited smaller decreases. A significant negative correlation was found between LVEDP change and left ventricular ejection fraction. No significant correlation was found between LVEDP change and type and quantity of contrast agent used, number of stents used, serum creatinine level, or coexisting comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: The study highlights that LVEDP decreases more significantly in acute ischemic conditions, such as STEMI, compared to chronic conditions, suggesting that acute myocardial ischemic damage is more reversible with PCI than chronic ischemic damage. The findings indicate that LVEDP is a useful parameter in assessing the success of PCI, particularly in ACS patients, and may help predict procedural outcomes. © 2025 Heart India.
Aspect of ECMWF downscaled Regional Climate Modeling in simulating Indian summer monsoon rainfall and dependencies on lateral boundary conditions
(Springer-Verlag Wien, 2019) Soumik Ghosh; R. Bhatla; R.K. Mall; Prashant K. Srivastava; A.K. Sahai
Climate model faces considerable difficulties in simulating the rainfall characteristics of southwest summer monsoon. In this study, the dynamical downscaling of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast’s (ECMWF’s) ERA-Interim (EIN15) has been utilized for the simulation of Indian summer monsoon (ISM) through the Regional Climate Model version 4.3 (RegCM-4.3) over the South Asia Co-Ordinated Regional Climate Downscaling EXperiment (CORDEX) domain. The complexities of model simulation over a particular terrain are generally influenced by factors such as complex topography, coastal boundary, and lack of unbiased initial and lateral boundary conditions. In order to overcome some of these limitations, the RegCM-4.3 is employed for simulating the rainfall characteristics over the complex topographical conditions. For reliable rainfall simulation, implementations of numerous lower boundary conditions are forced in the RegCM-4.3 with specific horizontal grid resolution of 50 km over South Asia CORDEX domain. The analysis is considered for 30 years of climatological simulation of rainfall, outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), mean sea level pressure (MSLP), and wind with different vertical levels over the specified region. The dependency of model simulation with the forcing of EIN15 initial and lateral boundary conditions is used to understand the impact of simulated rainfall characteristics during different phases of summer monsoon. The results obtained from this study are used to evaluate the activity of initial conditions of zonal wind circulation speed, which causes an increase in the uncertainty of regional model output over the region under investigation. Further, the results showed that the EIN15 zonal wind circulation lacks sufficient speed over the specified region in a particular time, which was carried forward by the RegCM output and leads to a disrupted regional simulation in the climate model. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.
Assessment of Lead-Lag and Spatial Changes in simulating different epochs of the Indian summer monsoon using RegCM4
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Soumik Ghosh; P. Sinha; R. Bhatla; R.K. Mall; Abhijit Sarkar
The present study examines the efficacy of the regional climate model RegCM4 in depicting the onset, active, and break phases of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). The model is driven by National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/NCAR Reanalysis 1 project (NNRP1) data of 28 years (1981–2008) for each monsoon separately. High-resolution gridded rainfall analysis dataset of India Meteorological Department (IMD) and the monsoon epochal report from National Climate Center (NCC) are used for verification. Besides assessment of model performance using qualitative methods, several standard statistical techniques are used to understand the capability of the model in representing monsoonal epochs. A relationship between the SST changes over the Niño-3.4 region and the ISM over all India and the monsoon core region (MCR) is established where a strong dependency in the rainfall variation over the MCR with the SST variation is found than all India rainfall. The performance of the model is satisfactory in portraying the spatial and temporal intraseasonal variability (ISV) of monsoon over MCR and all India regions. It is found that the model performance is higher in simulating the onset and break phases (dry days) than the active phases. The limited skill of the RegCM4 model in representing the active phase is due to the model simulated low temperature and weak pressure gradient over the MCR which prevents the convection and given rise to small and weak active phases over the region. The mechanism from the pre-onset to onset of monsoon, and the monsoon advance between the onset and the monsoon ISV is also well captured by the RegCM4. Weak tropospheric temperature gradient over the Indian subcontinent during the pre-onset period causes delay onset over the Indian subcontinent and the subsequent high tropospheric temperature gradient during the mid of June causes a faster progression of the active/break phases of monsoon. At the same time, simulation of the monsoon phase by the model is heavily regulated by the changes of SST over the Niño-3.4 region. The signal of ENSO variability, forces to the model through the ICBC, modulates the capability of the regional model in identifying the interannual and ISV of monsoon over the MCR region. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
Changes in the mechanism of the South-Asian summer monsoon onset propagation induced by the pre-monsoon aerosol dust storm
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Soumik Ghosh; Abhijit Sarkar; R. Bhatla; R.K. Mall; Swagata Payra; Priyanshu Gupta
A modeling effort is considered to understand the effect of dust aerosol storms in the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) onset propagation over the Indian subcontinent. The study found how the dust aerosol loading during the pre-monsoon period over the Indian subcontinent positively impacts the advancing ISM onset. The heavy loading of dust aerosol from middle east Asia to the northwest (NW) Indian region boosts the temperature gradient over the mid-troposphere. This sudden rise in the mid-tropospheric atmospheric temperature triggers the low-pressure belt over the monsoon trough. It amplifies the Elevated Heat Pump mechanism and loads enough dust for the dust storm over north India. The formation of the monsoon trough over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) pulls the moisture-loaded wind towards the Indian subcontinent and the IGP, followed by the onset of monsoon over Kerala within a week. Due to this storm, the intense heat gradient in the troposphere also induces the monsoon propagation and the monsoon advancement from Kerala to BoB within a short time. However, it makes up for the naturally delayed monsoon on time. Plain language summary: Study shows how the pre-monsoon dust storm modulates the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) propagation over the Indian region. The onset of the monsoon was delayed in a particular year, and the pre-monsoon dust storm over northwest India changed the regular monsoon mechanism and generated an entirely different mechanism. The elevated heat pump theory applies that pushes the monsoon advancement faster than usual. A dust storm over north India causes a sudden rise in the mid-tropospheric temperature gradient and more rapid monsoon advancement than usual. © 2023
Clinical and demographic profile of patients of rheumatic valvular heart disease: A cross‑sectional analysis of Varanasi heart valve registry
(Wolters Kluwer, 2023) Soumik Ghosh; Rajpal Prajapati; Dheeraj Kela; Aqdas Mumtaz; O.M. Shankar
Background: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a preventable structural heart disease involving cardiac valves affecting the young population of productive age-group having considerable morbidity and mortality due to associated complications. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the clinic-demographical characteristics and complications of RHD patients and thus to build up a RHD valvular registry. Materials and Methods: In this study, we enrolled 570 consecutive patients diagnosed with rheumatic valvular affection as defined by echocardiographic criteria, and studied their demographic, valvular pathology, symptomatology, prophylaxis and complication profile. Results: Female patients dominated the population in number, mitral being the most affected valve, mitral stenosis the commonest lesion. Newly diagnosed patients constituting 20% of study population. One-fourth of the patients gave a proper history of acute rheumatic fever and oral prophylaxis was noted to be more compliant than parenteral. Case proportionality ratio for atrial fibrillation was highest with severe MS with AR and for pulmonary hypertension with severe MR with or without MS. Conclusion: RHD is a preventable disease and health professionals and policy making institutions at all levels should strive in unison to mitigate its incidence, disease severity and complications. © 2023 Heart India | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.
Echoes of Recovery: Echocardiographic and Quality of Life Transformations after Percutaneous Atrial Septal Defect Closure
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2025) Arjun Tandon; Pratibha Rai; Soumik Ghosh; Manish Kumar; Vikas Agrawal
Background: Atrial septal defects (ASDs) are among the most common congenital heart diseases in adults and may lead to right heart dilation, pulmonary hypertension, and arrhythmias if left untreated. This study aims to evaluate the short and mid term effects of percutaneous transcatheter closure of secundum ASDs on right ventricular (RV) structure and function, as well as on patient reported quality of life (QoL). Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care center and included 60 adult patients (mean age: 38.26 ± 12.58 years; 80% female) who underwent transcatheter closure of secundum ASDs. Eligible patients demonstrated significant left to right shunting (pulmonary to systemic flow ratio >1.5) with suitable septal anatomy. Exclusion criteria included severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, Eisenmenger physiology, and complex congenital heart disease. Comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography and the 12 item Short Form Health Survey (SF 12) were administered at baseline, 24 h, and 90 days post-procedure. The primary endpoints were echocardiographic indicators of RV remodeling; secondary endpoints focused on changes in QoL domains. Results: The mean ASD diameter was 21.85 ± 4.72 mm. By Day 90, RV basal diameter decreased from 45.00 mm to 36.93 mm (P < 0.001), and RV outflow tract diameter reduced from 28.82 mm to 23.23 mm (P < 0.001). RV fractional area change improved (32.75% to 35.20%, P = 0.022), and myocardial performance index declined from 0.52 to 0.36 (P < 0.001). QoL significantly improved across physical, emotional, and social domains. Conclusions: Percutaneous ASD closure leads to significant right heart remodeling and improved functional and psychosocial outcomes within 3 months. © 2025 Journal of the Indian Academy of Echocardiography & Cardiovascular Imaging.
Effects of rotational delay shiftwork/jetlag on circadian rhythm, stress and inflammatory responses in the diurnal mammal Funambulus pennantii
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2025) Madhumita Mishra; Rajesh Gupta; Deepak Kumar; Sandhya; Soumik Ghosh; Muniyandi Singaravel
Although delay-based shiftwork/jetlag schedules are often considered less disruptive than advances and are increasingly adopted in occupational settings, their long-term impact on physiological homeostasis remains underexplored. In this study, we investigated the consequences of repeated phase delays on circadian alignment, oxidative balance, endocrine function, and systemic inflammation in the diurnal rodent Funambulus pennantii. Animals were kept either under a stable 12:12 hour light-dark (LD) cycle or subjected to a successive delay rotational shift (SDRS) schedule for 28 days. In the SDRS schedule, the light phase was delayed by 8 hours every two days, and every seventh day, animals were returned to the normal LD cycle for rest. SDRS exposure led to marked circadian misalignment, evident from disrupted and desynchronized locomotor activity rhythms. Biochemical analyses revealed reduced serum melatonin and antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT), along with elevated corticosterone levels, indicating stress induction. Moreover, animals under SDRS showed significant increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), highlighting immune activation. Our results highlight that delay-based shift schedules, often considered less harmful, can significantly impair physiological resilience, warranting a re-evaluation of their perceived safety due to their stress and inflammatory effects in diurnal systems. © 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
El Nino/La Nina impact on crop production over different agro-climatic zones of Indo-Gangetic Plain of India
(Springer, 2020) R. Bhatla; Priyanka Varma; Shruti Verma; Soumik Ghosh
Estimates of fluctuation in climatic condition have a large impact on the production of selected crops such as rice (Oryza sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum), maize (Zea mays), pulse, and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) which are the most prominent crops over Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). The influence of El Nino/La Nina on monsoon rainfall directly or indirectly affects the Indian crop over the Agro-Climatic Zones of Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). The detailed analysis has been carried out to show the impact of El Nino/La Nina and its association with crop production over sub-regions of IGP (lower, middle, upper, and trans IGP) during 1966–2009. During El Nino years, the production and yield of Rice and sugarcane have been affected in the middle and upper regions of IGP. The production of wheat decreased during La Nina events in the middle regions of IGP. The rice production has been severely affected by El Nino events over middle and upper IGP regions whereas wheat production increased. The decrease in maize production is observed in the upper and trans regions of IGP during El Nino. Pulse production decreased mainly in the middle, upper, and trans IGP during both events. The sugarcane production was highly affected during La Nina events overall sub-regions of IGP. The correlations among crop production, monsoon rainfall, and sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly of Nino 3.4 region during monsoon season are very insignificant during El Nino events. On other hand, La Nina event shows significant correlation over IGP. It has been noticed that on many occasions, deficit rainfall over IGP during summer monsoon season was responsible for decrease in crop production. Hence, alteration in Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) and sea surface temperature modulation of Nino 3.4 might have caused increase/decrease in the production of the crop. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.
Factors associated with unexplained sudden deaths among adults aged 18-45 years in India – A multicentric matched case–control study
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Manickam Ponnaiah; Tarun Bhatnagar; Rizwan Suliankachi Abdulkader; Rajalakshmi Elumalai; Janani Surya; Kathiresan Jeyashree; Muthusamy Santhosh Kumar; Ranjithkumar Govindaraju; Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj; Hari Krishan Aggarwal; Suresh Balan; Tridip Dutta Baruah; Ayan Basu; Yogita Bavaskar; Ajeet Singh Bhadoria; Ashish Bhalla; Pankaj Bhardwaj; Rachana Bhat; Jaya Chakravarty; Gina Maryann Chandy; Bal Kishan Gupta; Rakesh Kakkar; Ali Hasan Faiz Karnam; Sushila Kataria; Janakkumar Khambholja; Dewesh Kumar; Nithin Kumar; Monaliza Lyngdoh; M. Selva Meena; Kedar Mehta; M.P. Sheethal; Subhasis Mukherjee; Anuj Mundra; Arun Murugan; Seetharaman Narayanan; Balamurugan Nathan; Jutika Ojah; Pushpa Patil; Sunita Pawar; A. Charles Pon Ruban; R. Vadivelu; Rishabh Kumar Rana; S. Nagendra Boopathy; S. Priya; Saroj Kumar Sahoo; Arti Shah; Mohammad Shameem; Karthikeyan Shanmugam; Sachin K. Shivnitwar; Abhishek Singhai; Saurabh Srivastava; Sudheera Sulgante; Arunansu Talukdar; Alka Verma; Rajaat Vohra; Rabbanie Tariq Wani; Bhargavi Bathula; Gayathri Kumari; Divya Saravana Kumar; Aishwariya Narasimhan; N.C. Krupa; Thirumaran Senguttuvan; Parvathi Surendran; Dharsikaa Tamilmani; Alka Turuk; Gunjan Kumar; Aparna Murkherjee; Rakesh Aggarwal; Manoj Vasant Murhekar; Anjan Jyoti Talukdhar; Raj Prathim Das; Pranab Jyoti Bhattacharyya; Pankaj Jyoti Barman; Partha Pratim Das; P.V.M. Lakshmi; Naveen Panday; Ashok Kumar Pannu; Debaprasad Dhibar; Pankaj Kumar Kanauje; Satyajit Singh; Sabah Siddiqui; Nitin Bhajandas Borkar; Mayur Adalja; Sandip Shah Varsha Godbole; Rikin Raj; Nehal Shah; Nilay Suthar; Hemang Purohit; Bhargav Patel; Rutika Pathkjee; Niraj Pandit; Siddharth Shah; Bhavesh Patel; Anuja Agrawal; Deepak Jain; Manish Bansal; Vikas Deswal; Pooja Sharma; Farhana Siraj; Aamir Rashid; Anjum Bashir Fazili; Pradip Kumar Bhattacharya; Hirendra Birua; Manoj Kumar Prasad; Shashi Bhushan Singh; Umendra Kumar Ojha; Ravi Ranjan Jha; L.M. Manuja; S.K. Raghavendra; Vijay Hugar; R. Radha; Pallavi Kesari; Sunil Tapse; Ambrish Avate; Prasanna Kumar; Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan; T. Rekha; A. Basavaprabhu; Mithun Rao; Prithvishree Ravindra; Chythra R. Rao; Jayaraj Mymbilly Balakrishnan; Vikram Palimar; S. Ashwini; Bhavana Hiremath; Rajnikanth Malapur; Ankur Joshi; Manoj Nagar; Atul S. Keche; Arjun Lal Kakrani; Shubhangi Kanitkar; Srikanth Tripathy; Savita Mahajan; Akshada Shinde; Sunil Patil; Vijay Gaikwad; Ganesh Lokhande; Astha Ganeriwal; Ramesh Wasnik; Ashwini Kalantri; Dhiraj Bhandari; Preetam Salunkhe; Abhishek Raut; Star Pala; K.G. Lynrah; Nari Lyngdoh; Rajani Thabah; Manish Kapoor; Sadananda Barik; Chitta Ranjan Mohanty; Sonu Hangma Subba; Satyabrata Guru; Manu Ayyan; Sitanshu Sekhar Kar; Nanda Kishore Maroju; Naveen Kumar; Roselin Mohandas; Charulatha Tamilselvan; Saranya Rajaram; Ankita Kankaria; Moonis Mirza; Preeti Singh Dhoat; Jaspreet Shergill; Manoj Kumar Gupta; Akhil Dhanesh Goel; Amit Kumar Rohila; Durga Shankar Meena; Archana Paliwal; Niti Gahlot; Nikita Sharma; Harkesh Kumar; Dinesh Choudhary; Shyam Lal Meena; Dinesh Bhambhu; Jigyasa Gupta; G. Priya; Sonia Samuel; S. Bagyalakshmi; Sathish Kumar T; Aazmi Mohamed; G. Rathna Kumar; A. Rajesh; V. Rajendran; M. Soorya; P.N. Sridevi; A. Karthika; K. Santha Sheela Kumari; K. Sathish Kumar; Pavithra Gnanavel; Dasarathan Ramesh; Aravind Gunasekaran; R. Kaverikannan; Madhumitha Manohar; P. Sofia; R. Abishek; Jeevithan Shanmugam; Mohan Kumar; Aparnavi Periyasamy; Dhilipan Kumar; G. Selvarani; Thirukumaran Ramasamy; N. Suresh; Kannan Muthuraman Alagappan; Mathavasami Vijayageetha; Sudha Ramalingam; Petchiappan Velammal; Yamini Subramani; Lakshmi Marappa; Viswanathan Pandurangan; T.R. Muralidharan; M. Rajkumar; Senthil Murugan Ramasamy; Bodhare Trupti; Bharath Rajh; Duvuru Amareswar Reddy; Rashmi Upadhyay; Anurag Srivastava; Rakesh Gupta; Ranjan Bhattnagar; Manaswi Chaubey; Soumik Ghosh; Nilesh Kumar; Mohammad Azharuddin; Nafees A. Khan; Mohammad Aslam; Asad Mahmood; R.K. Singh; Priyank Yadav; Aditya Kapoor; Om Prakash Sanjeev; Shyam Sundar; Prasan Kumar Panda; Mukesh Bairwa; Mahendera Singh Gehlot; Pooja Bhadoria; Arup Chakravorty; Sarmistha Chakravorty; Arindam Ray; Aparup Dhua; Amitava Pal; Priyanka Ghosh; Yogiraj Roy; Sinjita Dutta; Subhro Samujjal Basu
Background & objectives: In view of anecdotal reports of sudden unexplained deaths in India’s apparently healthy young adults, linking to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection or vaccination, we determined the factors associated with such deaths in individuals aged 18-45 years through a multicentric matched case–control study. Methods: This study was conducted through participation of 47 tertiary care hospitals across India. Cases were apparently healthy individuals aged 18-45 years without any known co-morbidity, who suddenly (<24 h of hospitalization or seen apparently healthy 24 h before death) died of unexplained causes during 1st October 2021-31st March 2023. Four controls were included per case matched for age, gender and neighborhood. We interviewed/perused records to collect data on COVID-19 vaccination/infection and post-COVID-19 conditions, family history of sudden death, smoking, recreational drug use, alcohol frequency and binge drinking and vigorous-intensity physical activity two days before death/interviews. We developed regression models considering COVID-19 vaccination ≤42 days before outcome, any vaccine received anytime and vaccine doses to compute an adjusted matched odds ratio (aOR) with 95 per cent confidence interval (CI). Results: Seven hundred twenty nine cases and 2916 controls were included in the analysis. Receipt of at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine lowered the odds [aOR (95% CI)] for unexplained sudden death [0.58 (0.37, 0.92)], whereas past COVID-19 hospitalization [3.8 (1.36, 10.61)], family history of sudden death [2.53 (1.52, 4.21)], binge drinking 48 h before death/interview [5.29 (2.57, 10.89)], use of recreational drug/substance [2.92 (1.1, 7.71)] and performing vigorous-intensity physical activity 48 h before death/interview [3.7 (1.36, 10.05)] were positively associated. Two doses lowered the odds of unexplained sudden death [0.51 (0.28, 0.91)], whereas single dose did not. Interpretation & conclusions: COVID-19 vaccination did not increase the risk of unexplained sudden death among young adults in India. Past COVID-19 hospitalization, family history of sudden death and certain lifestyle behaviors increased the likelihood of unexplained sudden death. © 2023 Indian Journal of Medical Research, published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow for Director-General, Indian Council of Medical Research.
How climate change is affecting the summer monsoon extreme rainfall pattern over the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India: present and future perspectives
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Manas Pant; R. Bhatla; Soumik Ghosh; Sushant Das; R.K. Mall
The Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), the source of grains for around 40% Indian population, is known as the breadbasket of India. The Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) plays a vital role in the agricultural activities in this region. The rapid urbanization, land use and land cover change have significantly impacted the region’s agriculture, water resources, and socioeconomic facets. The present study has investigated the observed and regional modeling aspects of ISMR characteristics, associated extremes over the IGP, and future perspectives under the high-emission RCP8.5-scenario. Future projections suggest a 10–20% massive decrease during pre-monsoon (March–May) and earlier ISM season months (i.e., June and July). A significant 40–70% decline in mean monsoon rainfall during the June–July months in the near future (NF; 2041–2060) has been projected compared to the historical period (1986–2005). An abrupt increase of 80–170% in mean monsoon rainfall during the post-monsoon (October–December) in the far future (FF; 2080–2099) is also projected. The distribution of projected extreme rainfall events shows a decline in moderate or rather heavy events (5 or more) in NF and FF. Further, an increase in higher rainfall category events such as very heavy (5–10) and extremely heavy rainfall (5 or more) events in NF and FF under the warmer climate is found. However, the changes are less prominent during FF compared to the NF. The mean thresholds for extremely heavy rainfall may increase by 1.9–4.9% during NF and FF. Further, the evolution patterns of various quantities, such as tropospheric temperature gradient (TG), specific humidity, and mean sea level pressure, have been analyzed to understand the physical processes associated with rainfall extremes. The strengthening in TG and enhanced atmospheric moisture content in NF and FF support the intensification in projected rainfall extremes over IGP. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Ironing Out the Link: Ferritin and Coronary Artery Disease- a Two-year Perspective on Disease Burden and Prognosis
(Sciendo, 2025) Soumik Ghosh; Rajpal Prajapati; Chandra Kishore; Amit K. Gauraw; Arjun Tandon
Purpose: This study evaluates the association between serum ferritin levels, coronary artery disease (CAD) severity, and survival outcomes over two years. It also examines correlations between ferritin and clinical parameters, including age and creatinine. Methods: A total of 300 CAD patients underwent coronary angiography (CAG). Serum ferritin levels were categorized as low (<30 μg/L), normal (30-300 μg/L for males and 30-200 μg/L for females), and high (>300 μg/L for males and >200 μg/L for females). CAD severity was classified into non-critical, single-vessel, dual-vessel, and triple-vessel disease. Survival outcomes were recorded as alive, deceased, or lost to follow-up. Statistical analyses included Pearson's correlation, Chi-square tests, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Results: The mean age was 59.03 ± 9.42 years, with 71.66% males. Hypertension and diabetes were present in 51.66% and 35.33% of patients, respectively. Ferritin levels showed a weak negative correlation with age (r = -0.122, P = 0.035) and a positive correlation with creatinine (r = 0.281, P = 0.001). Elevated ferritin levels were significantly associated with dual-vessel disease (50%) and mortality (P = 0.001). Deceased patients had higher ferritin levels (142.0 μg/L vs. 90.45 μg/L in survivors; P = 0.001). Conclusions: Ferritin is strongly associated with CAD severity and mortality, particularly in dual-vessel disease. Its potential role in early risk stratification suggests clinical relevance. Further research should explore ferritin's mechanistic link to CAD progression and its integration into prognostic models. © 2025 Soumik Ghosh et al., published by Sciendo.
Low-tech, high-value: Electrocardiographic markers of left ventricular dysfunction in non-ischemic cardiomyopathy
(Brawijaya University, 2025) Soumik Ghosh; Arjun Tandon; A. Lava Kumar; Srashti Kulshreshtha; Kumar Amit; Vikas Agrawal
Background: Electrocardiography (ECG) is a widely accessible, cost-effective diagnostic tool, particularly valuable in resource-limited settings where echocardiography is unavailable. Identifying ECG parameters that reflect left ventricular (LV) systoli c dysfunction could enable earlier detection and intervention in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM). Objective: To evaluate the correlation between ECG parameters—QTc duration, QRS duration, morphology, voltage, and axis— and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in NICM patients with reduced ejection fraction (REF), and to assess their potential as surrogate markers of LV systolic function. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 140 NICM patients (LVEF ≤40%) confirmed by echocardiography and angiography. Clinical, biochemical, and ECG data were collected. Pearson’s correlation and ANOVA were used to assess associations between ECG variables, mitral regurgitation (MR) severity, hemoglobin levels, and LVEF. Result: QTc duration showed a significant inverse correlation with LVEF (r = –0.428, p = 0.001). Hemoglobin levels were positively correlated with LVEF (r = 0.175, p = 0.039). The presence of mitral regurgitation was associated with lower LVEF (p = 0.029), with a trend toward further decline as severity increased. Conclusion: Prolonged QTc was strongly associated with reduced LVEF in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. As ECG is inexpensive and widely available, QTc may provide a simple surrogate marker to aid in identifying LV dysfunction, especial ly in resource-limited settings. Larger prospective studies with outcome data are needed to validate its prognostic role. © 2025, Brawijaya University. All rights reserved.
Navigating risks and rewards in percutaneous transcatheter mitral commissurotomy: A multicenter hemodynamic analysis of safety and efficacy in symptomatic mitral stenosis
(Slovak Society of Cardiology, 2025) Soumik Ghosh; Tusharkanti Patra; Arjun Tandon; Vikas Agrawal
Aims: This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of Percutaneous Transcatheter Mitral Commissurotomy (PTMC) in treating symptomatic rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS), using invasive hemodynamic parameters. PTMC, a less invasive alternative to surgical mitral valvotomy, is widely used for severe MS but involves risks like mitral regurgitation (MR) and procedural complications. We aimed to assess PTMC’s safety through changes in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and efficacy via reductions in left atrial pressure (LAP) in a multicenter cohort. Methods: This prospective, two-year study included 328 patients undergoing PTMC at IPGIMER- SSKM, Kolkata, and IMS-BHU, Varanasi, India. Patients were symptomatic, over 18 years old, and had severe MS (MVA ≤1.5 cm2) with favorable valve morphology. Exclusions included left atrial thrombus, significant MR, and additional valve disease. PTMC was performed with a 24-28 mm Accura balloon catheter. Outcomes were grouped by procedural safety (LVEDP increase <50%) and efficacy (LAP reduction ≥50%). Results: The mean participant age was 37.92 years, with 72.2% female. Procedures were both safe and efficacious in 26.83% of cases, and safe but inefficacious in 32.32%. Older patients were more likely to have unfavorable outcomes (p=0.0012), with no significant gender-based differences. Conclusion: PTMC effectively reduces LAP in severe MS but involves risks, particularly for older patients with complex valve morphology. PTMC is beneficial when performed in experienced centers, but careful patient selection and further long-term studies are essential to enhance procedural outcomes. Fig. 1, Tab. 3, Ref. 15, on-line full text (Free, PDF), www.cardiologyletters.sk © 2025, Slovak Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved.
Percutaneous transcatheter occlusion of large pulmonary arteriovenous fistula with Amplatzer Septal Occluder in a young cyanotic girl
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2024) K. Arun Kumar; Soumik Ghosh; Neeraj Awasthy; Om Shankar
For most instances, percutaneous transcatheter intervention has replaced surgical procedure as the preferred treatment for pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas (PAVFs). Despite its efficacy in interventional occlusions of small- to medium-sized PAVFs, 'classic' devices such as detachable balloons and intravascular coils are not recommended for bigger fistulas due to the potential risk of embolization to the systemic circulation. This case report is a unique case of a 17-year-old cyanotic girl who had a large symptomatic solitary PAVF that was effectively closed with a 26 mm Amplatzer Septal Occlude (ASO) device. The PAVF was located in the lower right lobe of the lung. The position of the device in situ occluding the feeding channel was verified by computed tomography pulmonary angiography and postprocedure echocardiography, which also revealed the obliteration of the right-to-left shunt. © 2024 Heart India.
Performance of regional climate model in simulating Indian summer monsoon over Indian homogeneous region
(Springer, 2020) R. Bhatla; Shruti Verma; Soumik Ghosh; R.K. Mall
The performance and validation of regional climate model (RegCM-4.3) simulation of Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) have been conducted with a futuristic view of climate change study with the convective parameterization schemes (CPSs) over the different homogeneous regions of India. The dynamical downscaling of RegCM-4.3 has been done over South Asian Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) domain with the lateral boundary forcing provided by ERA-Interim at 50-km horizontal resolution. The interannual and seasonal variability of ISMR over India and its different homogeneous region has been done by comparing model-simulated rainfall with observed rainfall dataset of India Meteorological Department (IMD) during 1986–2010. The analysis includes the performance and validation of RegCM-4.3 in capturing regionalized rainfall of Indian subcontinent. The analysis is done over five homogeneous regions of India, i.e., northwest India (NWI), R1; northcentral India (NCI), R2; west peninsular India (WPI), R3; eastern peninsular India (EPI), R4; and southern peninsular India (SPI), R5 during 1986–2010. The Grell CPSs simulate monsoon rainfall reasonably good over northwest India. Over northcentral India, predictability/simulation of Kuo and Grell are best performing parameterize scheme of RegCM-4.3. The western and eastern peninsular parts of India, i.e., R3 and R4 simulation of Emanuel and Mix99 schemes, are better respectively. The region consisting southern peninsular along with Western Ghats shows Tiedtke scheme, as the best simulated scheme of RegCM-4.3. The overall diversification of simulation depending upon the topographical difference of Indian subcontinent causes the regionalize difference in simulating monsoon rainfall over the Indian subcontinent. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.
Performance of Regional Climate Model in Simulating Monsoon Onset Over Indian Subcontinent
(Birkhauser Verlag AG, 2019) R. Bhatla; B. Mandal; Shruti Verma; Soumik Ghosh; R.K. Mall
The performance of various Convective Parameterization Schemes (CPSs) of Regional Climate Model version 4.3 (RegCM-4.3) for simulation of onset phase of Indian summer monsoon (ISM) over Kerala was studied for the period of 2001–2010. The onset date and its associated spatial variation were simulated using RegCM-4.3 four core CPS, namely Kuo, Tiedtke, Emanuel and Grell; and with two mixed convection schemes Mix98 (Emanuel over land and Grell over ocean) and Mix99 (Grell over land and Emanuel over ocean) on the basis of criteria given by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) (Pai and Rajeevan in Indian summer monsoon onset: variability and prediction. National Climate Centre, India Meteorological Department, 2007). It has been found that out of six CPS, two schemes, namely Tiedtke and Mix99 simulated the onset date properly. The onset phase is characterized with several transition phases of atmosphere. Therefore, to study the thermal response or the effect of different sea surface temperature (SST), namely ERA interim (ERSST) and weekly optimal interpolation (OI_WK SST) on Indian summer monsoon, the role of two different types of SST has been used to investigate the simulated onset date. In addition, spatial atmospheric circulation pattern during onset phase were analyzed using reanalyze dataset of ERA Interim (EIN15) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), respectively, for wind and outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) pattern. Among the six convective schemes of RegCM-4.3 model, Tiedtke is in good agreement with actual onset dates and OI_WK SST forcing is better for simulating onset of ISM over Kerala. © 2018, Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature.
Projected changes in the mean and intra-seasonal variability of the Indian summer monsoon in the RegCM CORDEX-CORE simulations under higher warming conditions
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Namendra Kumar Shahi; Sushant Das; Soumik Ghosh; Pyarimohan Maharana; Shailendra Rai
The present study employed the latest high-resolution regional climate model (RegCM4), driven by MPI-ESM-MR boundary conditions from the CORDEX-CORE South Asia framework to investigate the possible projected changes in the mean and intra-seasonal variability of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) precipitation and their associated dynamics during near future (NF; 2041–2060) and far future (FF; 2080–2099) with respect to the historical period (1995–2014) under RCP8.5 scenario. Extensive evaluation analysis indicates that the RegCM4 is fairly able to simulate the spatial–temporal distribution of the observed mean and extreme precipitation, low-level jet, and intra-seasonal variability i.e. active and break composite patterns of the precipitation anomalies over India during the historical period. A substantial decline in the projected precipitation during ISM is estimated over central and northwest India in NF (about 10–30%) as well as in FF (upto 50%), which may be attributed to the weakening and northward shift of low-level winds. The occurrences as well as the intensity of the extreme precipitation events are expected to increase over India in the future. The precipitation during the projected active spells will escalate over the monsoon core region. This is supported by the decrease in sea level pressure over land, which favors the winds to transport more moisture from the adjoining seas for the formation of convective clouds, which is partly indicated through the decline in net surface longwave radiation. On the other hand, the precipitation intensity during the projected break spells is expected to further decrease in the future. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Regional Climate Model Performance in Simulating Intra-seasonal and Interannual Variability of Indian Summer Monsoon
(Birkhauser Verlag AG, 2018) R. Bhatla; Soumik Ghosh; R.K. Mall; P. Sinha; Abhijit Sarkar
Establishment of Indian summer monsoon (ISM) rainfall passes through the different phases and is not uniformly distributed over the Indian subcontinent. This enhancement and reduction in daily rainfall anomaly over the Indian core monsoon region during peak monsoon season (i.e., July and August) are commonly termed as ‘active’ and ‘break’ phases of monsoon. The purpose of this study is to analyze REGional Climate Model (RegCM) results obtained using the most suitable convective parameterization scheme (CPS) to determine active/break phases of ISM. The model-simulated daily outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), mean sea level pressure (MSLP), and the wind at 850 hPa of spatial resolution of 0.5°× 0.5° are compared with NOAA, NCEP, and EIN15 data, respectively over the South-Asia Co-Ordinated Regional Climate Downscaling EXperiment (CORDEX) region. 25 years (1986–2010) composites of OLR, MSLP, and the wind at 850 hPa are considered from start to the dates of active/break phase and up to the end dates of active/break spell of monsoon. A negative/positive anomaly of OLR with active/break phase is found in simulations with CPSs Emanuel and Mix99 (Grell over land; Emanuel over ocean) over the core monsoon region as well as over Monsoon Convergence Zone (MCZ) of India. The appearance of monsoon trough during active phase over the core monsoon zone and its shifting towards the Himalayan foothills during break phase are also depicted well. Because of multi-cloud function over oceanic region and single cloud function over the land mass, the Mix99 CPSs perform well in simulating the synoptic features during the phases of monsoon. © 2018, Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature.