Browsing by Author "Sourav Garai"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4

Ecological Intensification for Sustainable Agriculture in South Asia
(Springer Singapore, 2021) Akbar Hossain; Sukamal Sarkar; Atikur Rahman; Rajan Bhatt; Sourav Garai; Saikat Saha; Mst. Tanjina Islam; Ram Swaroop Meena
In South Asian countries huge population pressure, foster urbanization and industrialization lead to dwindle the agro-ecological resources like land, water, agroforestry, human and climatic stability. Agricultural intensification has been accompanied by a set of innovations, collectively referred to as the Green Revolution, which has increased food production significantly. However, the intensification poses a major threat to the physical environment such as the loss of natural resources, genetic diversity, land degradation and non-judicious application of water and nutrient. Recent evidence recommends that ecological intensification (EI) of distinctive agriculture particularly in rice-based cropping systems of South Asia can preserve the food production in addition with environmental welfares. Since EI of sustainable agriculture could organize the precise constituents of biodiversity and can be used to either balance synthetic-input as well as expand the productivity without adverse effect on agricultural production. Besides, it is also reported that the performance of organic and agro-ecological farming system is much better in case of ecosystem services relevant to climate change, carbon sequestration from a soil depth of 30 cm and other parameters like soil water holding capacity, etc. Therefore, scientists and policymakers consequently and progressively have emphasized the welfares of ecological-intensifying agriculture to a sociable way towards food, nutritional, environmental and livelihood security by assisting biodiversity and enhance the ecosystem services. This chapter highlights the available agro-ecological resources for improving crop productivity to obtain the goal of sustainable agricultural intensification without negotiating the agricultural outputs. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.
Emerging concern of nano-pollution in agro-ecosystem: Flip side of nanotechnology
(Elsevier Masson s.r.l., 2024) Debojyoti Moulick; Arnab Majumdar; Abir Choudhury; Anupam Das; Bhaben Chowardhara; Binaya Kumar Pattnaik; Goutam Kumar Dash; Kanu Murmu; Karma Landup Bhutia; Munish Kumar Upadhyay; Poonam Yadav; Pradeep Kumar Dubey; Ratul Nath; Sidhu Murmu; Soujanya Jana; Sukamal Sarkar; Sourav Garai; Dibakar Ghosh; Mousumi Mondal; Subhas Chandra Santra; Shuvasish Choudhury; Koushik Brahmachari; Akbar Hossain
Nanomaterials (NMs) have proven to be a game-changer in agriculture, showcasing their potential to boost plant growth and safeguarding crops. The agricultural sector has widely adopted NMs, benefiting from their small size, high surface area, and optical properties to augment crop productivity and provide protection against various stressors. This is attributed to their unique characteristics, contributing to their widespread use in agriculture. Human exposure from various components of agro-environmental sectors (soil, crops) NMs residues are likely to upsurge with exposure paths may stimulates bioaccumulation in food chain. With the aim to achieve sustainability, nanotechnology (NTs) do exhibit its potentials in various domains of agriculture also have its flip side too. In this review article we have opted a fusion approach using bibliometric based analysis of global research trend followed by a holistic assessment of pros and cons i.e. toxicological aspect too. Moreover, we have also tried to analyse the current scenario of policy associated with the application of NMs in agro-environment. © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS
Legumes for nutrient management in the cropping system
(Elsevier, 2022) Akbar Hossain; Sagar Maitra; Sharif Ahmed; Biplab Mitra; Zahoor Ahmad; Sourav Garai; Mousumi Mondal; Muhammad Adeel; Tanmoy Shankar; Ram Swaroop Meena
Several estimations projected that the population across the globe is an approach to reach 9.6 billion by 2050, which will create great challenges particularly food security under the situation of climate change; ultimately lead to influence greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission as a result of intensive farming systems with traditional technologies. Legumes are the third biggest family of plants and play significant roles in food and environmental safety including: (1) as a chief source of plant proteins for both human beings and animals, owing to convert atmospheric nitrogen (N) via biological nitrogen fixation (BNF); (2) legumes based production systems release a lower level of GHGs, since legumes-based system need a reduced level of inorganic fertilizer, particularly N-based fertilizer; and (3) legume-based cropping systems increase soil health, through adding more soil organic matter, improve N and phosphorus (P) availability for plants by several ways such as adding N-containing biomass as well as discharging hydrogen gas during BNF, which encourages to bacterial for the formation of more nodules’ in the rhizosphere of legumes. An estimation revealed that legumes in rice (Oryza sativa)–bean (Phaseolus spp.) and rice–vetch (Vicia spp.) cropping sequence enhanced N in rice residues ranges from 1.87 to 1.93 g N kg−1 soil. The current chapter emphasizes the roles of legumes in farming systems as a means of N supplier for the sustainability of crop production under the changing climate. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Natural Resources Intensification and Footprints Management for Sustainable Food System
(Springer Singapore, 2020) Akbar Hossain; Sukamal Sarkar; Manashi Barman; Sourav Garai; Rajan Bhatt; Mst. Tanjina Islam; Ram Swaroop Meena
The global population are approaching to 10 billion by the year 2050, therefore to encounter the food security of the increasing population it has been anticipated that production of food must be improved by 70%. Despite more food production and increasing the poverty level are the foremost difficulties to fulfil the nutrition and food demand for the emerging world. At the same time, climate change creates a great barrier to improve agricultural productivity. It has been recognized and proved that traditional agricultural practices do not reduce the rural poverty and degradation of the ecosystem. Food production systems are not always environmentally friendly and cost-benefit depends on imbalanced use synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. Therefore, it is indispensable to expand environmentally friendly technologies for sustaining crop yield. Earlier evidence proved that under the future changing climate, the food demand for the growing people across the globe can be only attained through the management of agroecology; since it emphasizes on resource conservation farming practices, reworking small farm enterprises, the participation of more farmers, traditional knowledge of the farming community, improved plant genetic multiplicity, and avoid to use of imbalanced synthetic pesticides and manures. The chapter focuses on the sustainable agroecological based crop production systems without hindering the agroecological environment for the nourishment of the growing population particularly in emerging nations of South Asia under changing climate. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.