Browsing by Author "Sudheer Kumar Yadav"

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Comparative Study of Trichoderma BHU-1 Mediated Drought Alleviation of Susceptible and Tolerant Rice Cultivars
(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2025) Ram Nandan Yadav; Renu Yadav; Najam Waris Zaidi; Harikesh Bahadur Singh; Prashant Bisen; Md Mahtab Rashid; Sudheer Kumar Yadav
The study investigated Trichoderma-mediated morphological and biochemical responses in droughtsusceptible and tolerant rice cultivars, namely IR-64 and DRR-44, under drought-stressed and normal conditions. Various morphological and biochemical parameters were recorded 30, 60, and 90 days after transplanting. The shoot length was insignificant, while the root length was significant in droughtsusceptible DRR-44 compared to non-stressed plants. The number of roots was also significant in Trichoderma BHU-1 treated plants of both cultivars. Proline content was more substantial in drought susceptible cultivars than tolerant and similarly, lignin, TPC, PAL, and PO activities were higher in Trichoderma BHU-1 treated drought-stressed plants than in normal ones. The result revealed that Trichoderma BHU-1 treatment modulates an increase in root length, shoot length, and the total number of tillers and roots under drought conditions. It also maintained the level of phenolics in plants by upregulating the pathway thereby helping the plant to sustain drought. © The Author(s) 2025.
Cross-Species Alleviation of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses by the Endophyte Pseudomonas aeruginosa PW09
(2012) Pramod Kumar Pandey; Sudheer Kumar Yadav; Akanksha Singh; Birinchi Kumar Sarma; Aradhana Mishra; Harikesh Bahadur Singh
A wheat endophytic bacterium (Pseudomonas aeruginosa PW09) was evaluated for its ability to trigger an induced systemic resistance response in cucumber against biotic and abiotic stresses. PW09 was applied to cucumber seeds, and the seedlings were subjected to Sclerotium rolfsii infection and NaCl (150mm). The role of PW09 was evaluated in alleviating the stresses by assessing plant mortality due to S. rolfsii infection and biomass accumulation under NaCl stress as well as at the physiological level through phenylpropanoid metabolism, antioxidant activities and proline accumulation. The endophyte reduced seedling mortality by 60% and increased biomass accumulation significantly under S. rolfsii (7%) and NaCl (18%) stresses, respectively, compared with endophyte-untreated seedlings. Application of PW09 also induced higher accumulation of proline (1.3- and 1.4-fold) and total phenolics (1.2- and 1.1-fold) and activities of polyphenol oxidase (4.3- and 1.5-fold), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (1.29- and 1.27-fold) and superoxide dismutase (2.5- and 1.39-fold) under S. rolfsii and NaCl stresses, indicating the ability of the wheat endophyte PW09 in alleviating both biotic and abiotic stresses in cucumber. © 2012 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.
Global-level population genomics reveals differential effects of geography and phylogeny on horizontal gene transfer in soil bacteria
(National Academy of Sciences, 2019) Alex Greenlon; Peter L. Chang; Zehara Mohammed Damtew; Atsede Muleta; Noelia Carrasquilla-Garcia; Donghyun Kim; Hien P. Nguyen; Vasantika Suryawanshi; Christopher P. Krieg; Sudheer Kumar Yadav; Jai Singh Patel; Arpan Mukherjee; Sripada Udupa; Imane Benjelloun; Imane Thami-Alami; Mohammad Yasin; Bhuvaneshwara Patil; Sarvjeet Singh; Birinchi Kumar Sarma; Eric J.B. Von Wettberg; Abdullah Kahraman; Bekir Bukun; Fassil Assefa; Kassahun Tesfaye; Asnake Fikre; Douglas R. Cook
Although microorganisms are known to dominate Earth’s biospheres and drive biogeochemical cycling, little is known about the geographic distributions of microbial populations or the environmental factors that pattern those distributions. We used a global-level hierarchical sampling scheme to comprehensively characterize the evolutionary relationships and distributional limitations of the nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbionts of the crop chickpea, generating 1,027 draft whole-genome sequences at the level of bacterial populations, including 14 high-quality PacBio genomes from a phylogenetically representative subset. We find that diverse Mesorhizobium taxa perform symbiosis with chickpea and have largely overlapping global distributions. However, sampled locations cluster based on the phylogenetic diversity of Mesorhizobium populations, and diversity clusters correspond to edaphic and environmental factors, primarily soil type and latitude. Despite long-standing evolutionary divergence and geographic isolation, the diverse taxa observed to nodulate chickpea share a set of integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) that encode the major functions of the symbiosis. This symbiosis ICE takes 2 forms in the bacterial chromosome—tripartite and monopartite—with tripartite ICEs confined to a broadly distributed superspecies clade. The pairwise evolutionary relatedness of these elements is controlled as much by geographic distance as by the evolutionary relatedness of the background genome. In contrast, diversity in the broader gene content of Mesorhizobium genomes follows a tight linear relationship with core genome phylogenetic distance, with little detectable effect of geography. These results illustrate how geography and demography can operate differentially on the evolution of bacterial genomes and offer useful insights for the development of improved technologies for sustainable agriculture. © 2019 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
How microbial consortium enhances the stress tolerance in plants during various environmental conditions
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2017) Shatrupa Ray; Sudheer Kumar Yadav; Birinchi Kumar Sarma; Harikesh Bahadur Singh; Surendra Singh
Plants are facing increasing environmental stresses due to global climate change and human interference. These stresses ultimately reduce the plant productivity and create pressure on food and nutrition security. Thus, increase in plant productivity needs urgent attention to feed the ever-growing human population. Modern scientists are striving hard to find out solutions for protecting the plants from these stresses. Recently, the management of microbe-mediated alleviation of these stresses has earned significant popularity because of its potential in solving these problems more efficiently. The beneficial microbes protect the plants and enhance tolerance under various environmental conditions. This chapter reviews the current knowledge on physiological impacts and modes of action of beneficial microbes in mitigating the stress symptoms in plants. © 2017 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Microbial consortium-mediated plant defense against phytopathogens: Readdressing for enhancing efficacy
(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Birinchi Kumar Sarma; Sudheer Kumar Yadav; Surendra Singh; Harikesh Bahadur Singh
Microorganisms under natural habitats live in communities and some provides benefits to plant. Further, microbes when introduced to soil as consortium and interact with a host plant, partially mimic the natural soil conditions. The current research trend has therefore oriented towards investigating the role of small microbial consortia in promoting plant growth and health against various invading pathogens. This is a paradigm shift from the original investigations involving a single microbe. In the recent past, information on various mechanisms by which microbial consortia promoted plant growth and triggered defense responses in host plants during pathogen ingress have become available. It was also unveiled that microbes in small consortia enhance the defense signaling cascades leading to enhanced transcriptional activation of several metabolic pathways. However, an additive or synergistic effect is not achieved every time a microbial consortium is used. With progress in time a sizable understanding on microbial consortium-induced plant defense responses had been reached. Further generation of information on host's responses to pathogenic challenge in the presence of diverse microbial consortia at functional level is underway. In this review, we have presented the outcomes of small microbial consortia used so far to protect crop plants from various pathogens. We have also provided possible explanations for reduction in diseases when a microbial consortium was used, compared the effects of microbes when used alone as well as in consortium, possible shortcomings for not obtaining desired outcome from the introduced consortia, and provided the rationale for development of effective microbial consortia capable of inducing enhanced systemic resistance. Finally, we have suggested some potential biotechnological applications to sustain the effect of microbe-induced defense responses in host plants. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
PGPR secondary metabolites: an active syrup for improvement of plant health
(Elsevier, 2020) Jai Singh Patel; Sudheer Kumar Yadav; Raina Bajpai; Basavaraj Teli; Mahtab Rashid
Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), arise the mechanism of interaction with each other on plants surfaces and plants make the association with a guild of PGPR during the evolution. These associations are results of crosstalk through signaling cascade of various PGPR colonized on same plant surfaces. The rhizosphere of the plant is very active and rich microbial habitat, due to the release of various nutritive substances through plant root exudates. These root exudates shape the presence of microbial community in surroundings. The presence of nutritional substances also plays significant role in gathering and performance of microbial community in the rhizosphere. However, the plants and microbes influence each other by releasing the inhibitory molecules as molecular signals for making of parasitic, antagonistic and competitive interactions. These signals play an essential role and decide the fate of mutualism and other associative interactions of plants and microbes. Various secondary metabolites from both plant and microbes are also involved in these interactions. In the present chapter, we have tried to explore the role of secondary metabolites produced by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and fungi as an active syrup for plant growth, health and defense. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Rhizobacteria mediated induced systemic tolerance in plants: Prospects for abiotic stress management
(Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2012) Birinchi Kumar Sarma; Sudheer Kumar Yadav; Dhananjaya Pratap Singh; Harikesh Bahadur Singh
The role of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in promotion of plant growth as well as in reducing biotic stress has been well documented. The bacterial determinants of induced systemic resistance (ISR) as well as its activation pathways in plants have been significantly evaluated during the past decade. However, the role of PGPRs in induced systemic tolerance (IST) to abiotic stresses has only been revealed very recently. Some bacterial determinants were identified for triggering IST in the host as well as some of the genes involved during the process. In certain cases, the ISR and the IST-mediating pathways were shown to be common whereas in some others they were quite different. The overall impact of microbe-mediated elicitation responses in plants, whether at the biochemical, the molecular, or the physical level may lead to protection against biotic and abiotic stresses and, in a cumulative manner, constitutes the basis of ecofriendly stress-management strategy. In the current chapter, we provide a brief overview of PGPR-mediated stress-tolerance responses in plants and the molecular and the cellular mechanisms responsible to alleviate stresses. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012. All rights are reserved.
Salt stress alters pathogenic behaviour of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris and contributes to severity in chickpea wilt incidence
(Academic Press, 2021) Anupam Maharshi; Md Mahtab Rashid; Basavaraj Teli; Sudheer Kumar Yadav; Dhananjaya Pratap Singh; Birinchi Kumar Sarma
Soil salinity is one of the most prominent abiotic stresses whereas wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris is the major biotic stress in chickpea. We carried out an experiment to understand the mechanism of wilt development in chickpea (cv. JG-62) by F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris isolate 49 (Foc-49) in soil under salinity (NaCl) stress. High NaCl concentration had a negative influence on chickpea seed germination and growth while positively influenced mycelial growth and sporulation in Foc-49. Increased mycelial growth, mycelial biomass, sporulation, and microconidial production was observed in Foc-49 cultured in high NaCl concentrations. Similarly, at higher NaCl concentrations either extensive root colonization by Foc-49 or severe rotting of the roots was observed in plants challenged with or without Foc-49, respectively. In contrast, Foc-49 alone without NaCl caused extensive browning of the chickpea roots initially and rotting at a later stage. Mortality of chickpea plants was also high in the combined treatment of Foc-49 and NaCl. Additionally, results from the virulence study showed that G-protein and MAP kinase-mediated signalling were active in Foc-49 while interacting with the JG-62 plants under NaCl stress. Moreover, up-regulation of the SNF1, cell wall-degrading enzymes, and fusaric acid biosynthesis genes and down-regulation of the SIX effector genes in Foc-49 during interaction with the chickpea plants under NaCl stress indicate that soil salinity promotes growth in Fusarium sp. and push the pathogen to shift its pathogenic lifestyle towards the necrotrophic state by-passing the hemibiotrophic state. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
Trichoderma-mediated biocontrol and growth promotion in plants: an endophytic approach
(Elsevier, 2019) Jaisingh Patel; Basavaraj Teli; Raina Bajpai; Jhumishree Meher; Mahtab Rashid; Arpan Mukherjee; Sudheer Kumar Yadav
Trichoderma is a well-known fungi that promotes plant growth and functions as a biocontrol agent against various plant pathogens. It colonizes in the rhizosphere and surface of plant roots and creates a barrier for pathogen invasion while strengthening the overall defense of the plant. Trichoderma has evolved, through mechanisms such as endophytism, into an opportunistic microbe, adapting its characteristics according to the environment. This evolution in Trichoderma provides the versatile behavior necessary to survive in and around various plants. Previously, it was hypothesized that Trichoderma do not grow as endophytes. However, recent studies explore the endophytic activities of Trichoderma in different plants and their pathogens. In this chapter we will continue this exploration of such activities. © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.