Browsing by Author "Sughosh Madhav"

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Agroecosystem contamination with heavy metals due to road transportation: A global threat to safe food security
(Institution of Chemical Engineers, 2025) Akshay Kumar Singh; Jatin Kumar Choudhary; Sushil Kumar Shukla; Kuldeep Bauddh; Gavendra C. Pandey; Sughosh Madhav; Ajai Singh; Manoj Kumar
Road transportation significantly contributes to heavy metals (HMs) in the atmosphere. The introduction of HMs into the environment is a major global ecotoxicological concern. The proliferation of road networks, coupled with the escalating vehicular volume, has exacerbated the presence of HMs, including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), in agricultural soil and crops proximate to transportation arteries, thereby imperilling global food security. The current review focused on the significant contamination of HMs in agroecosystems worldwide due to road transportation. It highlights the various pathways through which HMs are transported to agroecosystems and their impact on nearby ecosystems. The review also evaluates the degree of HMs contamination and its subsequent transfer into soil and crops such as geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), translocation factor (TF), and bioaccumulation factor (BAF). Recent studies have shown that harmful HMs can be absorbed by edible parts of crops, which are then consumed directly by humans. A study conducted near the National Highway in Jhansi, India found high levels of HMs in the edible parts of tomato plants (Cu – 4.77 mg/kg, Cd- 0.14 mg/kg, nickel (Ni) – 0.89 mg/kg, and Mn – 14.46). Similar studies conducted in various parts of the world have also observed increased HMs in agricultural soil and crops near roads. The current review aims to investigate HMs contamination in agroecosystems caused by road transportation and to suggest directions for future research to reduce HMs emissions from the sources. © 2024 The Institution of Chemical Engineers
Assessment of groundwater quality with special emphasis on nitrate contamination in parts of Varanasi City, Uttar Pradesh, India
(Springer Verlag, 2018) Arif Ahamad; Sughosh Madhav; Pardeep Singh; Jitendra Pandey; A.H. Khan
In the current study, an effort was made to assess the geochemistry of groundwater by random collection of the samples from 15 different borewells located in various parts of Varanasi City, Uttar Pradesh, India. Geology of the study region is dominated by Quaternary alluvial sediments of Pleistocene to recent times where the younger alluvium receives fresh deposits of silt, clay and loam from periodic flood events. Ca–Mg–HCO3was inferred as major hydrogeochemical facies from Piper trilinear diagram. Ca–Mg type and HCO3− type were the dominating cation and anion facies, respectively. Hydrogeochemistry reveals that the cation abundance follows the order Na+> Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ and anion abundance HCO3− > Cl− > NO3− > SO42− > F−. As per Gibb’s plot, chemical weathering of rock minerals is affecting the quality of groundwater. Overall, most of the samples for majority of parameters lie within the allowable limits as set by WHO (guideline for drinking water quality, fourth edn, WHO, Geneva, p 340, 2004) except nitrate, which varied in the range of 40.32–78.97 mg/l. 80% of the groundwater samples in which nitrate exceeded beyond acceptable limit (50 mg/l), as per WHO standard, which may be due to poor sewerage, human excreta leakage from septic tanks, poorly maintained disposal of solid waste locally, agricultural activities, wastewater irrigation and irrigation runoff. The Water quality index (WQI) value of the study region depicts that 93% samples lie in the category of excellent water and 7% in good water category. Good positive correlation of NO3–Cl (r = 0.60) and Na–NO3 (r = 0.55) signifies an anthropogenic input of these ions into the subsurface water of the study region. The various indices such as electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, percent sodium, sodium absorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), permeability index (PI), Kelly’s ratio and magnesium ratio are used to check the fitness of ground water for irrigation uses which shows that groundwater samples of the study region is good to permissible for agricultural uses. © 2018, The Author(s).
Bioremediation: A sustainable approach for management of environmental contaminants
(Elsevier, 2019) Pardeep Singh; Vipin Kumar Singh; Rishikesh Singh; Anwesha Borthakur; Sughosh Madhav; Arif Ahamad; Ajay Kumar; Dan Bahadur Pal; Dhanesh Tiwary; P.K. Mishra
The release of various inorganic and organic chemicals from various industries such as petrochemicals, textiles, pharmaceuticals, agro-based industries, and tanneries is highly toxic to the environment and human health. Several processes and technologies such as physical, chemical, and advanced oxidation processes are available for treatment of these pollutants. However, these processes and technologies have their own limitations and the end products are also of toxic nature. Therefore, there is a need for identifying and exploring sustainable and eco-friendly methods which require a lesser amount of chemicals, are economically feasible, and produce nontoxic end products. The bioremediation approaches to clean up environmental pollutants are considered as emerging and sustainable methods recently. Bioremediation process is based on an integrated approach employing microbial communities such as actinomycetes, bacteria, fungi, and earthworms. It is considered as a sustainable process for management of organic pollutants-rich solid wastes and wastewater. Many microorganisms metabolize toxic chemicals to produce CO2 or CH4, water, and biomass. These pollutants may be enzymatically altered to metabolites that are less noxious or innocuous. Moreover, the solid residue generated in this process has been found to have a potential influence on soil macro- and micronutrients, indicating its application as organic manure. However, bioremediation technique required more research for its establishment at a larger scale with an emphasis on the environmental consequences of the end products. In this chapter, we have performed a literature survey based on biological methods for the management of organic pollutants. Microbes responsible for degradation processes have also been presented in the later part of the chapter. In this chapter, a thorough understanding of the bioremediation processes and methods applied for abatement and remediation of organic pollutants has been described in detail. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Comparative study of dye degradation using TiO2-activated carbon nanocomposites as catalysts in photocatalytic, sonocatalytic, and photosonocatalytic reactor
(Taylor and Francis Inc., 2016) Pardeep Singh; M.C. Vishnu; Karan Kumar Sharma; Rishikesh Singh; Sughosh Madhav; Dhanesh Tiwary; Pradeep Kumar Mishra
In the present study, activated carbon-based TiO2 nanocomposites with carbon loading were synthesized by sol–gel method for photocatalytic, sonocatalytic, and sonophotocatalytic degradation of colored compound in wastewater. The prepared catalysts were characterized by Brunauer–Emmet–Teller surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared analysis (FT-IR). The degradation efficiencies of the synthesized composites were determined by the degradation of Direct Blue-199 dye under three different reactors viz., photocatalytic, sonocatalytic, and sonophotocatalytic. Reaction kinetic modeling was done for these processes and the degradation rate was found maximum for sonophotocatalytic process as compared to individual ones. However, on considering the energy efficiency and degradation efficiency, photochemical reactor was found to be most economical. Therefore, for the treatment of wastewater-containing dye from industries, a photocatalytic process can be applied with further modification. © 2015 Balaban Desalination Publications. All rights reserved.
Current and emerging trends in bioremediation of petrochemical waste: A review
(Taylor and Francis Inc., 2017) Pardeep Singh; Rajat Jain; Neha Srivastava; Anwesha Borthakur; D.B. Pal; Rishikesh Singh; Sughosh Madhav; Pratap Srivastava; Dhanesh Tiwary; Pradeep Kumar Mishra
Various industries release harmful petrochemical contaminants into the environment. To treat these petrochemical contaminants at source, different physical, chemical, and biological methods have been proposed and applied worldwide. However, physical and chemical methods have their own advantages and limitations; in this review, we majorly focused on the biodegradation of petrochemical wastes. First, a background study on the literature available in this field is presented. Second is a review of the toxic effects of petrochemical waste and various physical and chemical processes, followed by elaborate biological processes available for petrochemical waste degradation. Further, different aspects of bioremediation, such as modes, factors, limitations, and future perspectives are critically reviewed and presented. It was found that most of the studies performed on bioremediation of petrochemical waste employed bacteria for the degradation purpose. Some studies also made use of algae, fungi, yeast, genetically modified organisms, biosurfactants, or a consortium of these microbes. Moreover, use of bioremediation is still limited at field scale due to certain limitations, which have been elaborated in this article. Overall, we strongly believe that with bioremediation capturing the attention of environmentalists worldwide, there is still a prevailing need to scale up from lab to land level applications and adaptations. © 2017 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Exploring temple floral refuse for biochar production as a closed loop perspective for environmental management
(Elsevier Ltd, 2018) Pardeep Singh; Rishikesh Singh; Anwesha Borthakur; Sughosh Madhav; Vipin Kumar Singh; Dhanesh Tiwary; Vimal Chandra Srivastava; P.K. Mishra
Religious faith and ritual activities lead to significant floral offerings production and its disposal as waste to the nearby open lands and water bodies. These activities result into various social and environmental nuisances because of their high organic content. Alternatively, it can be used as valuable resources for various biochemical and thermo-chemical processes. Floral refuse has been utilized in natural dye extraction, however, the residual solid refuse is of significant environmental concern due to its nutrient rich nature. This study explores the potential utilization of solid residue of temple floral refuse after natural dye extraction by thermo-chemical decomposition of it. The slow pyrolysis of solid residue was performed at 350 °C and 500 °C, and the biochar yield of 42 and 36% was obtained, respectively. TGA-DTG analysis was performed to observe the thermo-chemical behaviour of floral refuse. The biochar products were further characterized by FTIR, SEM, EDX, BET, XRD, and RAMAN spectroscopy to observe the impact of pyrolysis temperature (PT) on the resulting material, i.e. biochar and its possible application measures. EDX results revealed the presence of various macro-nutrients such as C, N, P, K Ca and Mg in different proportions which showed its soil amelioration potential. Moreover, based on the SEM and BET results, biochar prepared at 500 °C was further explored for adsorption of methylene blue dye at various dose and pH conditions. Based on Langmuir (R2 = 0.98) and Freundlich (R2 = 0.97) isotherms, it is found as a potential adsorbent material for removal of methylene blue dye. The results revealed that biochar conversion of colour extracted floral refuse can be a vital option for quick and efficient management of it in a closed loop approach. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
Geochemical assessment of groundwater quality in Keonjhar City, Odisha, India
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2020) Sughosh Madhav; Ashutosh Kumar; Jyoti Kushawaha; Arif Ahamad; Pardeep Singh; S.B. Dwivedi
This study intended at the recognition of hydrogeochemical processes and groundwater excellence by applying different quality indices for intake and farming functions. Thirty groundwater samples were taken from the Keonjhar city, Odisha, and different hydrogeochemical parameters were analyzed to understand groundwater excellence. In the current work, cation chemistry shows the sequence of Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ and anions chemistry HCO3−>Cl−>SO42−>NO3. Gibbs plot indicates that groundwater samples are found in rock dominance. Different ratios of the major ions indicate that silicate weathering and anthropogenic activities were the major sources of ions in the groundwater. Factor examination also validates that both natural and anthropogenic actions are contributing ion in the aquifer. Based on diverse indices used for agriculture purpose, the greater part of the groundwater in the investigative region is appropriate for farming function. Groundwater quality is a dynamic process and subject to seasonal and spatial changes, so continuous assessment and monitoring is required. This study provides the severity of NO3 contamination in the study area as 40% of samples show the values more than the permissible limit. So, proper remediation measures are required prior to consumption of groundwater. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.