Browsing by Author "Suman Kumar"

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Development of ELISA for measurement of progesterone employing 17 - OH-P-HRP as enzyme label
(2009) Sabana Khatun; Seema Nara; Vinay Tripathi; Kiran Rangari; Shail K. Chaube; Kiran P. Kariya; Suman Kumar; Tulsidas G. Shrivastav
The present study was aimed to develop a highly specific and sensitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to measure progesterone in human serum using a heterologous combination of immunogen and enzyme conjugate. The antiserum was raised against Progesterone-3-O-carboxymethyloxime bovine serum albumin (P-3-O-CMO-BSA) in New Zealand white rabbits. The enzyme conjugate was prepared by labeling 17 - hydroxy-progesterone-3-O-carboxymethyloxime (17 - OH-P-3-O-CMO) with Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) to form 17 - OH-P-3-CMO-HRP. A Checkerboard assay was performed to determine the working dilutions of antiserum and enzyme conjugate. Dose-response studies were carried out by incubating 100L enzyme conjugate along with 50L of standards in the primary antibody coated wells for 1 hour.
Large-Signal analysis for BWO start condition in helix TWTs
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2003) S.K. Datta; Lalit Kumar; Suman Kumar; B.N. Basu
Large-signal analysis for backward-wave oscillation (BWO) start condition in a helix travelling-wave tube (TWT) amplifier has been developed. The effects of distributed circuit loss and beam-filling factor on start oscillation condition are investigated, and large-signal analysis results are presented vis-à-vis Eulerian analysis results. © 2003 IEEE.
Modelling water levels of northwestern India in response to improved irrigation use efficiency
(Nature Research, 2020) Shashank Shekhar; Suman Kumar; A.L. Densmore; W.M. van Dijk; Rajiv Sinha; Manoranjan Kumar; Suneel Kumar Joshi; Shive Prakash Rai; Dewashish Kumar
The groundwater crisis in northwestern India is the result of over-exploitation of groundwater resources for irrigation. The Government of India has targeted a 20 percent improvement in irrigation groundwater use efficiency. In this perspective, and using a regional-scale calibrated and validated three-dimensional groundwater flow model, this article provides the first forecasts of water levels in the study area up to the year 2028, both with and without this improvement in use efficiency. Future water levels without any mitigation efforts are anticipated to decline by up to 2.8 m/year in some areas. A simulation with a 20 percent reduction in groundwater abstraction shows spatially varied aquifer responses. Tangible results are visible in a decade, and the water-level decline rates decrease by 36–67 percent in over-exploited areas. Although increasing irrigation use efficiency provides tangible benefits, an integrated approach to agricultural water management practice that incorporates use efficiency along with other measures like water-efficient cropping patterns and rainwater harvesting may yield better results in a shorter period. © 2020, The Author(s).
Rhizobacteria–Plant Interaction, Alleviation of Abiotic Stresses
(Springer, 2019) R.K. Singh; Prahlad Masurkar; Sumit Kumar Pandey; Suman Kumar
At the present scenario, climate change became the potential threat to growers with rise in temperature, inconsistent rainfall, and salinization of agricultural land. However, the microbes more specifically plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) play a significant role to mitigate the abiotic stresses. Rhizobacteria act as bioprotectants against drought, salt, heavy metals, high temperature, and cold stress. During drought condition, PGPR intensifies osmolytes (proline, glycine, betaine) and acts as an osmoprotectant. The drought-related enzyme ACC deaminases were regulated by the PGPR, which also regulates the stomatal physiology during the water deficit conditions. The salt stress in plants was also a complex process to understand. During salt stress condition, PGPR acts as an activator of antioxidant enzymes and polyamines and also acts as a modulator of abscisic acid. Inoculation of PGPR affects the expression of 14 genes (four upregulated and two downregulated) related to salt stress. The effect of heavy metal toxicity is also found in plants, which is due to the improper fertilizer applications, industrial waste, sludge, etc. The main site for accumulation of heavy metals is the root nodule. At present many PGPR sp., i.e., Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Azotobacter sp., Enterobacter sp., and Rhizobium sp., were proposed to speed up the phytoremediation process of nodules. Bacterial metallothioneins (MTs) of the family Bmt, a family with low-molecular proteins, play a significant role to absorb heavy metals. High temperature also acts as a constraint of normal plant root nodulation and rhizobial growth. The strains of PGPRs evolve during the heat stress period against the raised temperature with the production of extra LPS, EPS, and special class of proteins, i.e., heat shock proteins (HSPs). Cold tolerance can also be derived by PGPR as the accumulation of more carbohydrate, regulation of stress-related genes for osmolytes expression, and enhancement of specific protein synthesis, which helps plant to fight against cold stress. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.