Browsing by Author "Suneel Kumar Goyal"

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Designing a Diversified Indian Mustard Production System for Energy-Carbon-Cum-Heat Use Efficiency and Sowing Dates Assessment
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) S. Dasaratha Kumar; Ram Swaroop Meena; Sandeep Naresh Kumar; Gourisankar Pradhan; Chetan Kumar Jangir; Shambhunath Ghosh; Himani Punia; Parvender Sheoran; Ramawatar Narayan Meena; Md Afjal Ahmad; Suneel Kumar Goyal; Nazih Y. Rebouh
The rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system faces major challenges such as stagnant yields, high input and energy demands, and increasing soil and air pollution. Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is a promising crop for diversification within rice-based ecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different sowing dates and nutrient sources on energy budgeting in diversified Indian mustard and to assess the impact of these nutrient sources on heat-cum-carbon efficiency. The experiment was conducted using a split-plot design (SPD) with three sowing dates—November 17, November 27, and December 07—in the main plots, and eight nutrient sources in the subplots, where the recommended dose of fertilizer was 100 N:50 P2O5:50 K2O:40 S kg ha−1. The results, based on pooled data, indicated that among the sowing dates, November 17 recorded the highest values for several key metrics. These include energy use efficiency (EUE: 3.46, 5.12, and 12.16), energy production (EP: 0.152, 0.41, and 0.56 kg MJ−1), net energy (NE: 29,712, 50,483, and 92,558 MJ ha−1), energy profitability (EPr: 2.46, 2.88, and 6.34), human energy profitability (HEP: 364.82, 412.60, and 777.42), energy output efficiency (EOE: 364.69, 412.49, and 777.18 MJ d−1), carbon output (CO: 815, 2215, and 3030 kg CE ha−1), carbon efficiency (CE: 2.07, 5.59, and 7.66), and carbon sustainability index (CSI: 1.07, 4.59, and 6.66) for seed, stover, and biological yield, respectively, compared to the crops sown on November 27 and December 07. The study also revealed significant increases in heat use efficiency (HUE) on dry matter at 45 and 90 days after sowing (DAS) and on seed, stover, and biological yield (13.3, 8.46, 1.52, 4.16, and 5.69 kg ha−1°C days, respectively). In the subplots, the highest EUE (3.92, 5.10, and 12.1), EP (0.172, 0.408, and 0.58 kg ha−1), and EPr (2.92, 2.86, and 6.78) for seed, stover, and biological yield were observed in the control treatment, outperforming the other nutrient sources on a pooled basis. The highest SE production (8.59, 3.48, and 2.47 MJ kg−1) for seed, stover, and biological yield was recorded with the application of 100% of the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) combined with Azotobacter and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSB). Furthermore, the highest NE (35,427, 52,203, and 102,370 MJ ha−1), HEP (434.02, 438.67, and 872.68), EOE (448.37, 452.68, and 901.04 MJ d−1), CO (972, 2359, and 3331 kg CE ha−1), CE (2.48, 6.01, and 8.48), CSI (1.48, 5.01, and 7.48), and HUE (1.67, 4.12, and 5.81 kg ha−1°C days) for seed, stover, and biological yield were observed with the application of 75% RDF + 25% nitrogen from pressmud, combined with Azotobacter and PSB. This study provides a novel framework for optimizing sowing dates and nutrient sources that can lead to the development of an energy-efficient, heat-cum-carbon-efficient, and eco-friendly production system. Its findings offer scalable solutions for enhancing sustainability and reducing environmental footprints in rice-based cropping systems. © 2025 The Author(s). GCB Bioenergy Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Development and Optimization of Black Rice-based Instant Idli Mix Powder
(Enviro Research Publishers, 2025) Priya Dhyani; Durga Shankar Bunkar; Zakarya Ali Saleh Al-Zamani; Suneel Kumar Goyal
The present study aimed to develop a convenient instant mix for a traditional Indian breakfast dish, idli, by incorporating black rice—a potential "superfood"—as a substitute for conventionally used polished rice. The optimization of black rice and black gram content in the Black Rice-Based Instant Idli Mix Powder (BRIIP) was done using a two-factor Central Composite Rotatable Design. The formulation comprising 20 g (34%) of black rice and 38.24 g (66%) of black gram was found to be optimum. Nutritional and physico-chemical assessments of the optimized BRIIP were performed. The BRIIP showed DPPH inhibition activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content of 58.24%, 402.33±7.85 mg GAE/100g, and 50.75±5.11 mg QE/100g, respectively. The idli prepared using reconstitution of BRIIP showed satisfactory sensory properties. The shelf-life analysis of the BRIIP stored in LDPE pouches at room temperature (25 °C) revealed a 207.14% increase in free fatty acid and 574.41% increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content from day 0 to day 28. Microbiological quality assessment revealed a 67.52% increase in the total plate count, while yeast, mold, and coliform counts remained nil throughout the storage. All the parameters of shelf-life evaluation remained within the acceptable range throughout the storage period. © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Enviro Research Publishers.
Evaluation of Functional and Sensory Properties of Ice-cream Incorporating Sea Buckthorn Seed Oil Microcapsules
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2025) Vishal Kumar; Durga Shankar Bunkar; Shiva; Prajasattak Kanetkar; Ayushi Jha; V. K. Paswan; Suneel Kumar Goyal
Background: The food industry continuously explores new formulations to resolve the growing consumer requirement for healthier, functional foods. Sea buckthorn seed oil (SBSO) is recognized for its recuperative and therapeutic advantages. The current research investigates the incorporation of microencapsulated SBSO in ice cream. Methods: A base ice cream mixture was prepared using 10% milk fat, 14% sucrose, 0.5% emulsifier, along with 0.5% stabilizer. The SBSO was microencapsulated using an atomization drying method with maltodextrin and inulin as wall materials. Encapsulated and non-encapsulated SBSO both were added into the ice cream, followed by optimization of formulations based on parameters including antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC), sensory properties, viscosity, overrun as well as hardness. The ice cream sample containing 2% SBSO exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, with a DPPH inhibition of 88.73% and TPC of 24.23 mg GA eq./g. Meanwhile, the ice cream with encapsulated SBSO powder (1%) demonstrated superior sensory attributes, viscosity, overrun and hardness compared to other formulations. Furthermore, the TPC increased proportionally with higher encapsulated and non-encapsulated SBSO levels. Result: These results suggest that as a natural bioactive ingredient, sea buckthorn seed oil holds potential for creating innovative ice cream formulations with improved antioxidant properties. © 2025 Agricultural Research Communication Centre. All rights reserved.
Use of environmental scanning electron microscope for taxonomy of fungi
(American Scientific Publishers, 2017) Bindu Naik; Suneel Kumar Goyal; Abhishek Dutt Tripathi; Vijay Kumar
The identification and nomenclature of fungi is quite difficult. The nomenclature and classification of fungal species are usually based on their morphological characteristics like microscopic features of reproductive structures and spore chain morphology. The names of fungi may also be determined by comparing the already known species in morphologies. Sample preparation for the conventional scanning electron microscope involves a number of steps such as osmium fixation followed by air drying or osmium fixation followed by alcohol dehydration etc., which may cause displacement of the real structure. This method also required coating of the sample with costly conductive material which adds the cost of sample analysis. However environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) techniques help in direct imaging of the sample without any pre-treatment such as dehydration and coating with conductive material. In this method the fungal samples were cultured on the surface of the sterilized stub as well as samples mycelia containing reproductive structure like spore from potatoes dextrose agar are directly transferred to the carbon tape fixed to the aluminium stub for the image formation by ESEM. The images obtained from the ESEM describe the complete morphological features of the fungal mycelia as well as their reproductive structures. This method can be used for the rapid identification of fungi for taxonomical purposes. Copyright © 2017 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.