Browsing by Author "Sunil Dadhich"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2

Acute hepatitis E in India appears to be caused exclusively by genotype 1 hepatitis E virus
(Indian Society of Gastroenterology, 2018) Neha Gupta; Aditya N. Sarangi; Sunil Dadhich; V.K. Dixit; Kamal Chetri; Amit Goel; Rakesh Aggarwal
Background: Hepatitis E is caused by infection with hepatitis E virus (HEV), which has four well-known genotypes. Genotypes 1 and 2 HEV have been reported from human cases in areas where the disease is highly endemic. By contrast, genotypes 3 and 4 HEV, which primarily infect several animal species worldwide, have been reported mainly from sporadic human cases in non-endemic areas such as Japan and high-income countries of Europe and North America. To determine whether genotype 3/4 HEV cause sporadic disease in India, a disease-endemic area, we determined HEV genotype in a group of patients with such disease. Methods: A part of the HEV open reading frame (ORF) 1 was amplified and sequenced from sera of 74 patients with sporadic acute viral hepatitis E from four cities in India. The sequences were compared with prototype sequences for various HEV genotypes and subgenotypes and analyzed using phylogenetic tools to determine the genotype of the isolates. For 12 specimens, a part of HEV ORF2 was also similarly analyzed. Results: Partial ORF1 sequences of all the 74 isolates belonged to genotype 1 HEV, with 88.2% to 100% nucleotide identity with the prototype genotype 1 isolates. Partial ORF2 sequences for all the 12 isolates also belonged to genotype 1 HEV. On phylogenetic analysis, 71 isolates clustered with prototype genotype 1a HEV; the remaining three isolates were located between subgenotypes 1a and 1c but were closer to the former. Conclusion: Human sporadic acute hepatitis E in India is caused almost exclusively by genotype 1 HEV. © 2018, Indian Society of Gastroenterology.
Indian consensus on gastroesophageal reflux disease in adults: A position statement of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology
(Springer, 2019) Shobna J. Bhatia; Govind K. Makharia; Philip Abraham; Naresh Bhat; Ajay Kumar; D. Nageshwar Reddy; Uday C. Ghoshal; Vineet Ahuja; G. Venkat Rao; Krishnadas Devadas; Amit K. Dutta; Abhinav Jain; Saurabh Kedia; Rohit Dama; Rakesh Kalapala; Jose Filipe Alvares; Sunil Dadhich; Vinod Kumar Dixit; Mahesh Kumar Goenka; B.D. Goswami; Sanjeev K. Issar; Venkatakrishnan Leelakrishnan; Mohandas K. Mallath; Philip Mathew; Praveen Mathew; Subhashchandra Nandwani; Cannanore Ganesh Pai; Lorance Peter; A. V. Siva Prasad; Devinder Singh; Jaswinder Singh Sodhi; Randhir Sud; Jayanthi Venkataraman; Vandana Midha; Amol Bapaye; Usha Dutta; Ajay K. Jain; Rakesh Kochhar; Amarender S. Puri; Shivram Prasad Singh; Lalit Shimpi; Ajit Sood; Rajkumar T. Wadhwa
The Indian Society of Gastroenterology developed this evidence-based practice guideline for management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in adults. A modified Delphi process was used to develop this consensus containing 58 statements, which were generated by electronic voting iteration as well as face-to-face meeting and review of the supporting literature primarily from India. These statements include 10 on epidemiology, 8 on clinical presentation, 10 on investigations, 23 on treatment (including medical, endoscopic, and surgical modalities), and 7 on complications of GERD. When the proportion of those who voted either to accept completely or with minor reservation was 80% or higher, the statement was regarded as accepted. The prevalence of GERD in India ranges from 7.6% to 30%, being < 10% in most population studies, and higher in cohort studies. The dietary factors associated with GERD include use of spices and non-vegetarian food. Helicobacter pylori is thought to have a negative relation with GERD; H. pylori negative patients have higher grade of symptoms of GERD and esophagitis. Less than 10% of GERD patients in India have erosive esophagitis. In patients with occasional or mild symptoms, antacids and histamine H2 receptor blockers (H2RAs) may be used, and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) should be used in patients with frequent or severe symptoms. Prokinetics have limited proven role in management of GERD. © 2019, Indian Society of Gastroenterology.