Browsing by Author "Sunil Dutt"

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Artificial intelligence (AI) based colonoscopy
(Institute of Physics Publishing, 2024) Akbar Hamid; Rajesh Kumar; Vivek K Chaturvedi; Sunil Dutt; Gira Sulabh; Vinod Kumar; D.P. Yadav
With the increase in the world's population and development, a number of healthrelated issues are also increasing in gastroenterology. One of the major causes is poor food habits. To deal with this, constant advancement is required in the field of the medical sector, which will not only help in easy and earlier diagnosis of the underlying health issue but also in accurate diagnosis. In this chapter advancement and collaboration of artificial intelligence with the medical sector are discussed below. How one technique helps is the accurate detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) as well as other diseases such as IBD or any other abnormalities in the colon. A different version of colonoscopy has been developed along with artificial intelligence, discussed in this chapter with future prospects and advancement. © IOP Publishing Ltd 2024. All rights reserved.
Nanotechnology in gastrointestinal endoscopy
(Institute of Physics Publishing, 2024) Rajesh Kumar; Sunil Dutt; Ankush Goyal; Ashutosh Kumar; Brijesh Kumar
Nanotechnology is a field which deals with the development of intentional design and characterizations of nanoscale particles (1-100 nm) for the diagnosis, treatment, mitigation of illnesses as well as other desirable uses. These engineered devices are controlled by their size and shape through physical characteristics to produce the intended impact at subcellular and molecular level with unique attributes. These nanoparticles (NPs), which can cross the blood-brain barrier and have the capacity to avoid immune system interception, have a longer half-life than microparticles, making them suitable for use as drug delivery vehicles. Quantum dot and cadmium selenide semiconductor NPs are two diagnostic techniques that may simultaneously scan a blood sample for various proteins, viruses, and other desirable compounds. Environmental NPs can reach the human body through several pathways, including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. As soon as anything is consumed, it easily passes through the mucus layer and interacts with the enterocytes. Nanopowder as hemostatic agent in gastric ulcer bleed, prevention of clogging of plastic stents, nano-based capsule endoscopy, molecular imaging and optical biopsy, biosensing and maneuvering technology, nanorobots are some tools used in the diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy such as the endoscopic hemostasis of peptic ulcer bleeding, prevention of clogging of plastic stent and advance capsule endoscopy. These NPs, which are either approved for clinical use or are undergoing clinical trials, have technical challenges and potential adverse reactions like back pain, vasodilatation and acute urinary retention, fever, cytopenia, mild renal toxicity, and peripheral sensory neuropathy because of their diverse range. Hence, toxicity investigations and quality control studies for these NPs will serve as a benchmark for the unfulfilled potential of nanotechnology in the diagnostic and therapeutic fields, along with endoscopy. © IOP Publishing Ltd 2024. All rights reserved.
Navigating Safety and Toxicity Challenges in Nanomedicine: Strategies, Assessment, and Mitigation
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Rajesh Kumar; Sunil Dutt; Abhay Dev Tripathi; Anurag Kumar Singh; Vivek K. Chaturvedi; Santosh Kumar Singh
The burgeoning field of nanomedicine offers unprecedented opportunities for targeted drug delivery, diagnostics, and imaging. However, alongside its promises, nanomedicine presents intricate safety and toxicity challenges that necessitate careful navigation. This abstract elucidates the multifaceted strategies, assessment methodologies, and mitigation approaches crucial for addressing safety concerns and realizing the potential of nanomedicine. Strategies aimed at enhancing safety encompass a spectrum of approaches, including surface modifications, formulation optimization, and the judicious selection of biocompatible materials. These strategies aim to minimize adverse effects while maximizing therapeutic efficacy by tailoring nanomaterials to interact harmoniously with biological systems. Additionally, the development of stimuli-responsive nanomaterials and intelligent drug delivery systems provides dynamic control over drug release, further enhancing safety profiles. Assessment methodologies play a pivotal role in evaluating the safety and toxicity of nanomedicines. Advanced analytical techniques, such as spectroscopy and imaging methods, offer insights into the physicochemical properties and interactions of nanomaterials within biological environments. In vitro and in vivo models facilitate systematic evaluation of biocompatibility, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity profiles, providing critical data for informed decision-making during preclinical and clinical development stages. Mitigation strategies are essential for managing and minimizing potential risks associated with nanomedicine toxicity. Robust regulatory frameworks, risk assessment protocols, and interdisciplinary collaborations foster transparency and ensure adherence to safety standards. Furthermore, the integration of predictive modeling and computational simulations enables the anticipation and mitigation of safety concerns early in the development process, enhancing overall safety profiles. In conclusion, navigating safety and toxicity challenges in nanomedicine necessitates a holistic approach integrating innovative strategies, rigorous assessment methodologies, and proactive mitigation measures. By fostering a comprehensive understanding of nanomaterial behavior and its interactions within biological systems, the field can harness its transformative potential while ensuring the highest standards of safety and efficacy in clinical applications. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
Porous silicon nanocarriers for the management of neurodegenerative disorders
(Elsevier, 2025) Devinder Kumar; Raj N. Kumar; Sunil Dutt; Pankaj Kalia; Snigdha Singh; Anand Prakash Maurya; Anurag Kumar Singh; Rajendra Awasthı; Santosh Kumar Singh
Porous silicon (PSi) nanocarriers are gaining a lot of attention in nanomedicine for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Aside from their complicated pathophysiology, NDs, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, present unique challenges due to the difficulty for therapeutic agents to cross the blood–brain barrier. Since PSi nanocarriers have tunable porosity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, they enable the effective loading and controlled release of a variety of therapeutic agents. Due to its porous structure and large surface area, peptides, nucleic acids, and small molecules are encapsulated in PSi, improving the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of the drugs. As recent findings show, it is now possible to make pSi nanoparticles to deliver neuroprotective agents directly to targeted neuronal cells, improving treatment outcomes. Delivery of therapeutics to specific brain regions can be enabled by functionalizing PSi with specific ligands or antibodies, improving its targeting capabilities. In addition, since conventional treatments often require high dosages and frequent administration, the ability of PSi nanocarriers to support sustained drug release can significantly reduce side effects. With PSi's controlled release profile, therapeutic drug levels can be maintained in the bloodstream for extended periods, improving patient compliance and overall treatment effectiveness. Pharmaceutical administration is not the only use for PSi nanocarriers; they have also shown promise in diagnostic applications, allowing simultaneous imaging and monitoring of treatment effects. Due to its dual purpose, PSi positions itself as a flexible platform for theranostic applications in of neurological diseases. Despite encouraging developments, there are still difficulties in the clinical implementation of PSi-based therapies. Research is presently being carried out on their synthesis and surface modification to improve the stability and mitigate the potential toxicity of pSi nanoparticles. To enable their integration into clinical practice, issues related to large-scale manufacturing and regulatory approval processes must also be resolved. © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Porous silicon nanoparticles in codelivery of drugs for improved cellular uptake and targeted drug delivery
(Elsevier, 2025) Raj N. Kumar; Pankaj Kalia; Sunil Dutt; Devinder Kumar; Anurag Kumar Singh; Santosh Kumar Singh; Brijesh Pawan Kumar
Problems with physicochemical characteristics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity frequently cause small compounds’ failure in drug discovery and development. By altering these characteristics, nanotechnology offers an option that enhances the use of medication, safety, and effectiveness while preventing drug degrading and managing release. Because of their high surface area, considerable pore volume, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs) have become a viable drug delivery platform. pSiNPs are very useful for codelivery systems because of their properties, which allow them to load and release large quantities of medicinal compounds. When medications are codelivered utilizing pSiNPs, they can have synergistic benefits in complicated conditions like cancer, where the combined action of the pharmaceuticals is more successful than separate therapy. For instance, coadministering chemotherapeutics and gene-silencing agents like siRNA can increase the anticancer effects while lowering treatment resistance. In addition, pSiNPs increase cellular absorption by making it easier for biological barriers to be crossed and permitting receptor-mediated endocytosis, which targets certain tissues or cells and reduces off-target effects while boosting therapeutic efficiency. Drug delivery to unhealthy cells, such as HER2-positive breast cancer cells, may be precisely targeted by attaching targeting ligands, like antibodies, to the surface of pSiNPs. Drug delivery is further improved by the controlled release characteristics of pSiNPs, which guarantee a sustained release throughout time, lower the frequency of administration, and increase patient compliance. Long-term hazards are reduced as their biodegradability prevents pSiNPs from building up in the body. In general, pSiNPs are a flexible and efficient drug delivery technology that has the potential to greatly enhance treatment results, especially when treating complicated diseases like cancer. © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Quantum Dots and Nanoprobes for Bioimaging
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Raj Kumar; Devinder Kumar; Sunil Dutt; Pankaj Kalia; Brijesh Pawan Kumar
The development of bioimaging with novel visualisation techniques to track biological processes and enhance illness detection has been aided by quantum dots (QDs) and nanoprobes. The non-invasive analysis of anatomical and functional aspects made possible by advances in bioimaging technology has completely changed medical diagnosis. Before the discovery of quantum confinement increased the potential uses of QDs in bioimaging and sensing, their research was originally concentrated on semiconductor LED applications. Nanoprobes have altered and revolutionised biomedical/clinical diagnostics as well as medical diagnostics (biomedicine) by imaging not only at the molecular level but also genetically based biochemistry. Significant growth in nanotechnology is crucial, especially in preclinical imaging studies that examine the application of nanoparticles for treatment and diagnosis. The formerly impractical potential of nanomaterial applications is becoming possible attributable to these research and development advances. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.