Browsing by Author "Sunil Kumar Tripathi"

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Association of carcinoma of the gallbladder with typhoid carriage in a typhoid endemic area using nested PCR.
(2008) Gopal Nath; Yogesh Kumar Singh; Kailash Kumar; Anil Kumar Gulati; Vijay Kumar Shukla; Ajay Kumar Khanna; Sunil Kumar Tripathi; Ashok Kumar Jain; Mohan Kumar; Tej Bali Singh
Although well studied the association between chronic typhoid carrier state and carcinoma of the gallbladder (CaGB) remains unproven. The study was performed at a tertiary care medical center in North India and involved 52 patients with CaGB, 223 patients with benign gallbladder diseases, 508 healthy individuals and, 424 corpses. For the detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, hepatobiliary specimens were subjected to DNA extraction for specific nested- PCR amplification of the S. Typhi flagellin gene. Anti-Vi S. Typhi antibodies were detected in serum samples from patients by indirect haemagglutination. Thirty five of the 52 (67.3%) CaGB patients were PCR-positive for the S. Typhi flagellin gene; significantly higher than for patients with benign gallbladder diseases (95/223, 42.6%; p<0.01) and corpses (35/424, 8.2%; p<0.001). The numbers of individuals that had significant anti-Vi antibody titres (> or = 160) in their serum were 20/52 (38.5%) for CaGB patients, 31/223 (13.9%) for patients with benign gallbladder diseases, and 47/508 (9.2%) for healthy individuals. Specific nested-PCR amplification of the S. Typhi flagellin gene in hepato-biliary specimens was more sensitive for detection of S. Typhi carriage than anti-Vi antibody titres in serum. The results demonstrate an association between typhoid carriage and gallbladder diseases, both CaGB and benign. S. Typhi specific immunosuppression is also suggested in patients with gallbladder diseases.
Cadaveric study and clinical application of turnover fascial flap for lower-limb defects
(2011) Visweswar Bhattacharya; Partha Sarathi Barooah; Saurabh Rawat; Gaurab Ranjan Chaudhuri; Neeraj Kant Agrawal; Siddhartha Bhattacharya; Sunil Kumar Tripathi
Moderately sized defects of various etiologies are encountered frequently in the lower limb. Several reconstructive modalities are available. Majority of them do not meet all the desirable criterion of recipient and donor site. In a search for an optimal procedure, the fascial flap emerged. We found the fascial flap to be suitable and advantageous for many defects. This paper describes the anatomical basis, planning, technique, and application of the fascial flap. To establish the technique, we divided the study in to two parts (a) cadaveric dissection and (b) clinical application. Dissection in 12 fresh cadaver limbs confirmed the location of the perforators of the posterior tibial and peroneal vessels. It also visualised the rich vascular network associated on either side of the deep fascia. The findings also suggested the safe dimension of a retrograde flap which is the key to success. Convinced and encouraged with the above findings, fascial flaps were successfully used for moderately sized defects at various non-weight-bearing areas of lower limb in 20 patients. Out of these, eight were random flaps and 12 were pre-Dopplered perforator flaps. Out of 20, 16 flaps healed uneventfully. In four cases one had complete necrosis while another had partial necrosis. Two cases had complete graft loss although the flap survived. These cases were followed up from 6 months to 2.5 years with an average of 1.5 years. Fascial flaps provide gratifying results in the majority of moderately sized lower-limb defects in non-weight-bearing areas. It meets most of the requirements of reconstruction in a single stage. Therefore, wherever feasible this simple method is justified. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.
Comparative Analysis of Mutational Profile of Sonic hedgehog Gene in Gallbladder Cancer
(Springer New York LLC, 2017) Ruhi Dixit; Manoj Pandey; Sunil Kumar Tripathi; Amit Nandan Dhar Dwivedi; Vijay Kumar Shukla
Background: Gallbladder cancer has high incidence in northeastern India; mortality too is high as the disease is often diagnosed late. Numerous studies have shown the role of sonic hedgehog (shh) in different cancers, an important ligand of the hedgehog signaling pathway. Aim: This study was carried out to evaluate the shh gene mutations in gallbladder cancer patients. Methods: PCR-SSCP was performed for shh gene in 50 samples each of gallbladder cancer, cholelithiasis, and control. The samples showing aberration in banding pattern were sequenced. Results: Variation in banding pattern was observed in 20% gallbladder cancer cases, 10% in cholelithiasis, and none of the control (χ2 = 11.111; p < 0.05). Sequencing results revealed seven novel point mutations in GBC cases. These novel mutations were found to be associated with histopathology (p < 0.05) and stage (p < 0.05) of gallbladder cancer. Conclusion: This study reveals several novel individual and repetitive mutations of shh gene in GBC and cholelithiasis samples that may be used as diagnostic markers for gallbladder carcinogenesis. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
Comparison of Vi serology and nested PCR in diagnosis of chronic typhoid carriers in two different study populations in typhoid endemic area of India
(SEAMEO TROPMED Network, 2010) Gopal Nath; Pushpa Maurya; Anil Kumar Gulati; Tej Bali Singh; Ramit Srivastava; Kailash Kumar; Sunil Kumar Tripathi
For detection of chronic typhoid carriers, nested PCR targeting flagellin the gene of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Typhi was carried out on DNA extracted from hepatobiliary specimens from 424 autopsies which were apparently free from gallbladder pathology on postmortem examination. The second study population was 508 healthy volunteers, who did not suffer from typhoid fever during the preceding year and whose sera were subjected to detection of carriage by estimation of Vi antibody levels using an indirect hemagglutination assay. Males of both study populations had comparable rates of detection by the two methods, 6.3% by PCR and 4.1% by Vi serology. Similarly, females in both study groups had comparable frequency of detection of chronic typhoid carriage using the two methods, ie 13.1% by PCR and 15.1% by Vi serology. S. Typhi specific immunosuppression could be speculated in females of 51-60 years as only 40% were positive by Vi serology against 100% by nested PCR. Vi serology may be recommended for community based detection of chronic typhoid carriers.
Does Salmonella Typhi primarily reside in the liver of chronic typhoid carriers?
(Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2010) Gopal Nath; Yogesh Kumar Singh; Pushpa Maurya; Anil Kumar Gulati; Ramit C. Srivastava; Sunil Kumar Tripathi
[No abstract available]
Drug resistance in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi isolated from chronic typhoid carriers
(2012) Chandra Bhan Pratap; Saurabh Kumar Patel; Vijay K. Shukla; Sunil Kumar Tripathi; Tej Bali Singh; Gopal Nath
[No abstract available]
Genetic mutational analysis of β-catenin gene affecting GSK-3β phosphorylation plays a role in gallbladder carcinogenesis: Results from a case control study
(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Ruhi Dixit; Manoj Pandey; Sunil Kumar Tripathi; Amit Nandan Dhar Dwivedi; Vijay Kumar Shukla
This manuscript has reported different mutations of β-catenin gene in gallbladder cancer patients which affect GSK-3β phosphorylation site. Purpose: Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a relatively rare and fatal cancer with poor prognosis. The molecular mechanism of gallbladder carcinogenesis is still not clear. Wnt signaling pathway is a highly conserved pathway that regulates proliferation, differentiation, migration, genetic stability, apoptosis, and stem cell renewal. β-catenin plays major role in Wnt signaling and aberrations in β-catenin has found to be involved in several cancers pathogenesis. This study was carried out to document the mutations of β-catenin gene in gallbladder cancer and to evaluate its possible role in gallbladder carcinogenesis. Methods: PCR-SSCP (Single Stranded Conformation Polymorphism) for ctnnb1 was performed in 50 patients each of gallbladder cancer, cholelithiasis and 50 healthy controls. Samples that showed variation in banding pattern were sequenced. Results: Variation in banding pattern was observed in 9 (18%) samples of GBC, 4 (8%) of cholelithiasis and 2 (4%) of control. Sequencing analysis showed 9 novel mutations of ctnnb1 in exon 3 in 18% of gallbladder cancer (χ2 = 5.778; p < 0.05). Six point mutations, 1 deletion and 1 insertion mutation were found in 9 cases of gallbladder cancer. All point mutations were mis-sense mutation that affected highly conserved serine or threonine region that is important for GSK-3β phosphorylation. Conclusion: Findings of the study suggests that high frequency of non synonymous mutations of β-catenin gene (ctnnb1) occurs in patients with gallbladder cancer. As these mutations mainly effect GSK 3β phosphorylation, it may be concluded that this might be an important step in gallbladder carcinogenesis. These β-catenin mutations lead to Wnt pathway activation and appear to have a role in progression from inflammation to cancer in gallbladder. © 2020 The Author(s)
Isolation of Salmonella typhi from apparently healthy liver
(2011) Gopal Nath; Chandra Bhan Pratap; Saurabh K. Patel; Anil K. Gulati; Sunil Kumar Tripathi
It is suggested that Salmonella typhi resides mostly in hepatobiliary system especially in gallbladder in chronic typhoid carriers. It is not very clear whether in gallbladder lumen or on its wall or in liver. However, we had been successful in detecting S. typhi in liver by PCR targeting flagellin gene sequences. Therefore, in the present study, we tried to isolate the bacterium from liver tissue collected from dead bodies brought for post mortem examination. We could isolate S. typhi in 2 of 20 such liver tissues examined by using conventional isolation techniques. The isolates were identified by routine phenotypic characters and were confirmed by amplification and sequencing of two conserved genes i.e. 16S rDNA and flagellin (fliC) gene followed by blasting on www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Sex determination using mandibular ramus flexure: A preliminary study on Indian population
(2011) Vineeta Saini; Rashmi Srivastava; Satya Narayan Shamal; T.B. Singh; Abhay Kumar Pandey; Sunil Kumar Tripathi
Determination of sex by morphological assessment has been one of the oldest approaches in forensic anthropology. Loth and Henneberg6 introduced a morphological trait "Mandibular Ramus Flexure" for sex identification with a high accuracy of 99% in African Blacks. However, the population specificity of sexually dimorphic features is well known. The purpose of this study is to test the reliability of this trait in Indian population. A total number of 112 adult mandibles (88 males and 24 females) were studied from the Department of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, India. The mandibles were scored according to the original method by two observers in three different sessions. This was done to test inter and intra-observer errors in identifying the trait. The result shows that this trait can be used to diagnose sex with an average accuracy of upto 82%. Though, inter and intra-observer errors were present but could be minimized with extended practice. So, the trait has the potential to be relied upon as a single morphological trait for determination of sex in Indian population. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.
Sexual dimorphism in ulna: An osteometric study from India
(2013) Rashmi Srivastava; Vineeta Saini; Rajesh Kumar Rai; Shashikant Pandey; Tei Bahadur Singh; Sunil Kumar Tripathi; Abhay Kumar Pandey
Determination of sex constitutes the most important element during the identification process of human skeletal remains. Several sex-specific features of human skeleton have been exploited for sex determination with varying reliability. This study aims to obtain sexual dimorphic standards for ulnae of the north Indian population. Eight measurements were obtained on a sample of 106 ulnae (males-80, females-26) in the age range of 25-65 years. The sexual dimorphism index and demarking points were calculated for all the variables. The data were then subjected to stepwise and direct discriminant function analysis. The best discriminator of sex was the maximum length (84.9%) followed by radial notch width (84%). In stepwise analysis, these two variables were selected and provided an accuracy of 88.7% (M-87.5%, F-92.3%). The proximal end provided a classification rate of 81.1% (M-80%, F-84.6%) with selection of the notch length and olecranon width. © 2013 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.
Temporal variations in basicranium dimorphism of North Indians
(Springer Verlag, 2014) Vineeta Saini; Rashmi Srivastava; Satya Narayan Shamal; Tej Bali Singh; Vinod Kumar; Pramod Kumar; Sunil Kumar Tripathi
In recent years, several investigations have documented notable secular changes in human skull morphology. The present study is the next link in the series, addressing its possible effects in the cranial base in North Indian populations. The present study aims to examine the sexual dimorphism in cranial base of two temporally different samples of North Indian population to provide updated population specific osteometric standards. The contemporary and the subrecent samples are comprised of 158 (M 110; F 48) and 325 adult crania (M 206; F 119), respectively. Five variables of cranial base were measured, and data were subjected to discriminant function analysis using SPSS 16.0. The t-tests between the two temporally different samples showed significant sexual dimorphism and population variation. Contemporary females showed comparatively greater dimensions than subrecent. Contemporary population exhibited less sexual dimorphism than subrecent population. Factors associated with the changes in sexual dimorphism are likely to be a consequence of improved nutrition and population admixture in last 50 years. The accuracy of sex prediction ranged from 48.1 to 70.0 % in contemporary sample and 60.9 % to 77.2 % in subrecent sample. Overall, these findings support the conclusion that sexual dimorphism shows variation within few decades, so sex discriminating osteometric standards must be updated regularly. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Variations in macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene are not associated with visceral leishmaniasis in India
(Elsevier Ltd, 2019) Anshuman Mishra; Pandarisamy Sundaravadivel; Sunil Kumar Tripathi; Rajan Kumar Jha; Jaydeep Badrukhiya; Nipa Basak; Isha Anerao; Akshay Sharma; Ajayi Ebenezer Idowu; Abhishek Mishra; Sonika Pandey; Umesh Kumar; Sakshi Singh; Sheikh Nizamuddin; Nitin C Tupperwar; Aditya Nath Jha; Kumarasamy Thangaraj
Background: The host genetic factors play important role in determining the outcome of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an important host cytokine, which is a key regulator of innate immune system. Genetic variants in MIF gene have been found to be associated with several inflammatory and infectious diseases. Role of MIF is well documented in leishmaniasis diseases, including Indian visceral leishmaniasis, where elevated level of serum MIF has been associated with VL phenotypes. However, there was no genetic study to correlate MIF variants in VL, therefore, we aimed to study the possible association of three reported MIF gene variants −794 CATT, −173G > C and non-coding RNA gene LOC284889 in Indian VL phenotype. Methods: Study subjects comprised of 214 VL patients along with ethnically and demographically matched 220 controls from VL endemic regions of Bihar state in India. Results: We found no significant difference between cases and controls in allelic, genotypic and haplotype frequency of the markers analysed [-794 CATT repeats (χ2 = 0.86; p = 0.35; OR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.61–1.19); −173 G > C polymorphism (χ2 = 1.11; p = 0.29; OR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.59–1.16); and LOC284889 (χ2 = 0.78; p = 0.37; OR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.61–1.20)]. Conclusion: Since we did not find any significant differences between case and control groups, we conclude that sequencing of complete MIF gene and extensive study on innate and adaptive immunity genes may help in identifying genetic variations that are associated with VL susceptibility/resistance among Indians. © 2018 The Authors