Browsing by Author "Surbhi Kumari"

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Effect of stage-specific and multi-stage drought on grain nutrient quality in rice
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Sahana Basu; Shashi Shekhar; Alok Kumar; Surbhi Kumari; Nitu Kumari; Sonal Kumari; Santosh Kumar; Ram Prasad; Gautam Kumar
Drought is a multidimensional stress that affects the grain nutritional quality of high yielding rice genotypes. The present study evaluated the impacts of stage-specific (seedling, vegetative, and reproductive stages) and cumulative (multi-stage) drought on ionome, starch, and protein contents in grains of two rice genotypes of eastern Indo-Gangetic plain, viz. Sahbhagi Dhan and IR64 with contrasting drought tolerance. The study showed drought to negatively affect the physiological and nutritional traits of rice grains. Following the study, stage-specific and multi-stage drought caused significant reduction in grain size, test weight, starch, amylose, amylopectin, and total soluble protein contents of rice grains. Drought during different developmental stages of rice caused significant variations in micro- (Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, Zn) and macro-nutrient (P, K, Ca, Mg) contents in the grains. Stage-specific and cumulative drought exposure of the rice genotypes also governed the ionomes in grains resulting in specific ionomic networks. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed two discrete clusters for elements as well as different drought treatments in the studied rice genotypes, which supported the results obtained from the principal component analysis, displaying five clusters based on stage-specific and multi-stage drought treatments. Variation in drought treatments and elements in different rice genotypes also altered the ionomic interactions represented by differential ionomic networks. In this study, Sahbhagi Dhan maintained the morphological and nutritional qualities of grains across the drought treatments and therefore, can be used as a suitable donor in breeding for stage-specific and cumulative drought tolerance with superior grain quality for eastern Indo-Gangetic plain. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Effective antioxidant defense prevents nitro-oxidative stress under arsenic toxicity: A study in rice genotypes of eastern Indo-Gangetic plains
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Alok Kumar; Sahana Basu; Surbhi Kumari; Shashi Shekhar; Gautam Kumar
Arsenic (As) toxicity in humans and animals has become a major concern in the last few decades. Rice growing on As-contaminated soil is the principal dietary source of As that poses a significant health hazards to rice patrons, making it a global issue of concern to take necessary steps to counteract the problem. Eastern Indo-Gangetic plains (EIGP) is one of the world's hotspot for As pollution. Arsenic contaminated irrigation is the principal reason for elevated As levels in the agricultural fields of EIGP, which affects rice productivity. The present study intended to explore the influences of As toxicity (arsenite and arsenate) on the morpho-physiology, ionomics, and biochemical performances of 18 rice genotypes of EIGP at the seedling stage. Arsenic exposure negatively affected plant height, root length, and biomass in rice. It also induced membrane degradation thereby, decreasing total chlorophyll content. It also impaired the nutrient uptake and root-to-shoot translocation abilities of plants. Arsenic toxicity led to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) consequently, inducing nitro-oxidative stress in rice. Arsenic tolerance in rice was related to the antioxidant defense system that decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and improved the membrane stability thereby, sustaining plant growth. Additionally, proline facilitated ROS eradication conferring protection against the As-induced nitro-oxidative stress. In this study genotypic variation was obvious in all traits associated with As toxicity. Among the rice genotypes studied, Sahbhagi Dhan and Sabour Ardhjal displayed considerably higher As tolerance with sustainable plant growth, membrane stability, nutrient homeostasis, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, lower ROS/RNS and MDA accumulations under different As treatments. Overall, the study revealed the association between proteomic and ionomic profiles in rice to understand the potential adaptive mechanisms in plants under As toxicity. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
Micronutrient and redox homeostasis contribute to Moringa oleifera-regulated drought tolerance in wheat
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Sahana Basu; Amlan A. Prabhakar; Surbhi Kumari; Aabha; Ravi Ranjan Kumar; Shashi Shekhar; Krishna Prakash; Jitendra P. Singh; Gyanendra P. Singh; Ram Prasad; Gautam Kumar
Global food security is being severely affected by the rapid increase in population and drastic climate change. Drought stress is the most important limiting factor for the sustainable production of several important crops, including wheat. The gradual temperature rise and reduced precipitations are likely to cause the frequent onset of droughts around the world. Therefore, alleviation of drought stress in crop plants has become an essential requirement to meet the increasing food demand. The present study explored the role of foliar application of Moringa leaf extract (MLE) in conferring drought tolerance in wheat during the anthesis stage. A wheat genotype of Indo-Gangetic Plains (HI1544) was exposed to drought stress during the anthesis of the spikes and simultaneously foliar sprayed with MLE for 10 days. The results showed the MLE treatment to improve the concentrations of macro- (K, Ca) and micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Si) in flag-leaves of wheat under non-stressed conditions. Application of MLE also maintained the flag-leaf nutritional contents under drought stress. The micro-nutrients, including Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn being the co-factors of the enzymes also stimulated the antioxidant enzyme activities; eventually leading to a significant reduction in the reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde accumulations under drought stress. Furthermore, micronutrients played a crucial role in osmotic adjustment and sustainable plant growth under drought stress. Overall, the study provided insights into the functional role of micronutrients in improving drought tolerance and also indicated the potential to commercialize MLE as an effective bio-stimulant for sustainable agriculture in drought-prone regions. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus sp. BSE01 alleviates salt toxicity in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) by conserving ionic, osmotic, redox and hormonal homeostasis
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Sahana Basu; Surbhi Kumari; Pritee Subhadarshini; Aniket Kumar Rishu; Shashi Shekhar; Gautam Kumar
Soil salinity leading to sodium toxicity is developing into a massive challenge for agricultural productivity globally, inducing osmotic, ionic, and redox imbalances in plants. Considering the predicted increase in salinization risk with the ongoing climate change, applying plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an environmentally safe method for augmenting plant salinity tolerance. The present study examined the role of halotolerant Bacillus sp. BSE01 as a promising biostimulant for improving salt stress endurance in chickpea. Application of PGPR significantly increased the plant height, relative water content, and chlorophyll content of chickpea under both non-stressed and salt stress conditions. The PGPR-mediated tolerance towards salt stress was accomplished by the modulation of hormonal signaling and conservation of cellular ionic, osmotic, redox homeostasis. With salinity stress, the PGPR-treated plants significantly increased the indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellic acid contents more than the non-treated plants. Furthermore, the PGPR-inoculated plants maintained lower 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and abscisic acid contents under salt treatment. The PGPR-inoculated chickpea plants also exhibited a decreased NADPH oxidase activity with reduced production of reactive oxygen species compared to the non-inoculated plants. Additionally, PGPR treatment led to increased antioxidant enzyme activities in chickpea under saline conditions, facilitating the reactive nitrogen and oxygen species detoxification, thereby limiting the nitro-oxidative damage. Following salinity stress, enhanced K+/Na+ ratio and proline content were noted in the PGPR-inoculated chickpea plants. Therefore, Bacillus sp. BSE01, being an effective PGPR and salinity stress reducer, can further be considered to develop a bioinoculant for sustainable chickpea production under saline environments. © 2023 Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society.
Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species induce lysigenous aerenchyma formation through programmed cell death in rice roots under submergence
(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Sahana Basu; Gautam Kumar; Nitu Kumari; Surbhi Kumari; Shashi Shekhar; Santosh Kumar; Ravi Rajwanshi
Nitric oxide (NO) plays a significant role in plants under different abiotic stress. However, the influence of NO and other reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in employing nitrosative stress in rice seedlings under submergence remains unexplored. Submergence also stimulates the development of lysigenous aerenchyma, facilitating oxygen supply to roots but the contribution of NO and RNS in aerenchyma formation under submergence is not known. Present study investigated the major components of the nitro-oxidative stress and their association with lysigenous aerenchyma development in the Sub1 near isogenic line of rice under submergence. Following submergence, Swarna showed increased NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity with excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in roots. Submergence also caused increased NO content and membrane lipid peroxidation in Swarna roots. Submergence-induced ROS and RNS accumulation in roots disturbed the redox homeostasis leading to the formation of lysigenous aerenchyma through programmed cell death (PCD). PCD was also accompanied by altered cytoplasmic streaming and DNA damage. In the present study Swarna Sub1 exhibited increased SOD, CAT, POX, APX, GR and GSNOR activity with subsequent detoxification of ROS and RNS; eventually decreasing the aerenchyma formation in root under submerged conditions. Overall, the study established ROS and RNS-mediated unique mechanism in lysigenous aerenchyma formation in rice roots under submergence. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Redox imbalance disrupts spikelet fertility in rice: A study under stage-specific and multi-stage drought in eastern Indo-Gangetic plain
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Santosh Kumar; Sahana Basu; A.K. Choudhary; J.S. Mishra; Surajit Mondal; Shashi Shekhar; S.K. Dwivedi; Rakesh Kumar; Surbhi Kumari; Narayan Bhakta; Sanjeev Kumar; Ujjwal Kumar; Arvind Kumar; Gautam Kumar
To support the increasing food demand of the drought-prone eastern Indo-Gangetic plain (EIGP), we assessed the effects of natural drought stress on the individual (seedling stage drought; SSD, vegetative stage drought; VSD, reproductive stage drought; RSD) as well as the multiple growth stages (multi-stage drought; MSD) of twenty-four rice genotypes (n = 24) under field conditions for two consecutive rice growing seasons (2019–2020). High temperature and low rainfall during both the trial years exerted moderate to severe drought stress to the rice genotypes leading to average grain yield reduction of 43.5%, 28.9%, 59.3%, and 69.9% under SSD, VSD, RSD, and MSD conditions, respectively. The present study also revealed that drought stress caused enhanced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the spikelets of rice genotypes thereby, impeding the spikelet fertility. The promising rice genotypes showed an average decrease of 3.18%, 4.83%, 13.9%, and 13.06% in spikelet fertility under SSD, VSD, RSD, and MSD conditions, respectively. Identified promising rice genotypes, IR83929-B-B-291–2–1–1–2, IR93827–29–1–1–2 and IR84899-B-183–20–1–1–1 showed extreme drought tolerance and better maintained photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, relative water content, membrane stability index, and total chlorophyll content under drought conditions irrespective of growth stages. Following the study, drought tolerance in the tolerant rice genotypes was associated with increased antioxidant enzyme mediated efficacious ROS detoxification, which contributed in maintaining pollen viability and spikelet fertility. Overall, the study identified drought tolerant rice genotypes for EIGP and established a comprehensive understanding of the complexity and plasticity of the rice genotypes under stage-specific and cumulative drought stress. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.